There is also additional background information for this table group.

Contents for Table

PINC-08. Source of Income in 2004-People 15 Years Old and Over, By Income of Specified Type in 2004, Age, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex

[Source:  U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2005 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.  Numbers in thousands.
 People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year.  Social Security income may include a small number of people
 who report Railroad Retirement Income as Social Security Income Retirement.  Income includes payments reported as survivor,
 disability, or retirement benefits.  Rents, royalties, estates or trusts includes estates and trusts reported as survivor
 benefits.  A.O.I.C. stands for alone or in combination]

                                                       $1
                                            Total      To  $2,500  $5,000  $7,500 $10,000 $12,500 $15,000 $17,500 $20,000
                                             with  $2,499      To      To      To      To      To      To      To      To
                                           Income Or Loss  $4,999  $7,499  $9,999 $12,499 $14,999 $17,499 $19,999 $22,499
Both Sexes
25 to 34 Years
Black alone 2/

   Total.................................   4,563     240     214     259     230     240     148     323     255     391
Earnings.................................   4,116     201     127     205     177     241     110     274     259     366
  Wages and Salary.......................   4,006     182     125     196     164     237     109     265     246     361
  Nonfarm Self-Employment................     172      56      15      11      12      13       3      10       4       5
  Farm Self-Employment...................      26      25       1       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Social Security..........................     136      20      29      41      29       0       5       8       0       1
SSI (Supplemental Security Income).......     174      31      19     102      14       0       8       0       0       0
Public Assistance........................     189      87      58      29       8       4       0       2       0       0
Veterans Benefits........................      20       5       0       0       4       0       1       0       2       0
Survivor Benefits........................       8       1       4       1       0       2       0       0       0       0
Disability Benefits......................      25       5       0      13       0       0       1       0       0       0
Unemployment Compensation................     262     126      81      17       6      24       7       0       0       0
Workers Compensation.....................      36      20       2       4       3       0       0       5       0       2
Property Income..........................   1,116   1,025      23      27      11      14       2       9       0       0
  Interest...............................   1,046   1,019      11       5       3       4       2       1       0       0
  Dividends..............................     223     181       9      15       0      13       0       0       0       0
  Rents, Royalties, Estates or Trusts....      61      33       7      10       8       0       0       3       0       0
Retirement Income........................      45       5       4      13       5       4       1       5       2       0
  Company or Union Retirement............       4       0       0       0       2       2       0       0       0       0
  Federal Government Retirement..........       8       1       2       0       0       0       0       0       2       0
  Military Retirement....................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  State or Local Government Retirement...       9       0       0       3       3       0       1       0       0       0
  Railroad Retirement....................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Annuities..............................       3       1       2       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  IRA, Keogh, or 401(K)..................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Other or Don't Know....................      20       2       0      10       0       2       0       5       0       0
Pension Income...........................      15       2       0       0       5       2       0       5       2       0
  Company or Union Retirement............       4       0       0       0       2       2       0       0       0       0
  Federal Government Retirement..........       3       1       0       0       0       0       0       0       2       0
  Military Retirement....................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  State or Local Government Retirement...       3       0       0       0       3       0       0       0       0       0
  Railroad Retirement....................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Annuities..............................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Alimony..................................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Child Support............................     357     166     102      52      10      13      10       0       3       0
Educational Assistance...................     339     117      90      69      18      27       3       3       9       3
Financial Assistance from Outside the
 Household...............................      58      39       4       7       4       0       0       5       0       0
Other Income, N.E.C......................       8       3       4       0       1       0       0       0       0       0
Combinations of Income Types:
  Earnings & Social Security.............   4,206     200     149     231     193     242     116     283     256     376
  Earnings, Social Security, or
    Other Retirement.....................   4,222     202     146     233     193     240     120     290     256     370
  Social Security or Railroad Retirement.     136      20      29      41      29       0       5       8       0       1
  Social Security or Other Retirement
    Income or Both.......................     175      23      32      52      32       2       9      11       0       3
  Government Transfer Payments...........     824     259     176     181      76      50      35      11       9       9
  Public Assistance or SSI or Both.......     348     108      71     125      24       6      10       4       0       0
  Social Security, Public Assistance,
    or SSI or Both.......................     434     110      74     142      49      21      19      11       0       1
  Retirement, SSI or Public Assistance
    or Both..............................     386     111      75     129      29      13      14       9       2       0
PINC-08. Source of Income in 2004-People 15 Years Old and Over, By Income of Specified Type in 2004, Age, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex

[Source:  U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2005 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.  Numbers in thousands.
 People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year.  Social Security income may include a small number of people
 who report Railroad Retirement Income as Social Security Income Retirement.  Income includes payments reported as survivor,
 disability, or retirement benefits.  Rents, royalties, estates or trusts includes estates and trusts reported as survivor
 benefits.  A.O.I.C. stands for alone or in combination]

                                          $22,500 $25,000 $27,500 $30,000 $32,500 $35,000 $37,500 $40,000 $42,500 $45,000
                                               To      To      To      To      To      To      To      To      To      To
                                          $24,999 $27,499 $29,999 $32,499 $34,999 $37,499 $39,999 $42,499 $44,999 $47,499
Both Sexes
25 to 34 Years
Black alone 2/

   Total.................................     155     350     199     369     130     161     100     206      57      72
Earnings.................................     150     380     149     369     110     181      86     218      40      57
  Wages and Salary.......................     150     378     148     363     106     184      86     212      38      56
  Nonfarm Self-Employment................       0       2       4      15       0       3       0       6       0       0
  Farm Self-Employment...................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       1       0
Social Security..........................       1       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
SSI (Supplemental Security Income).......       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Public Assistance........................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Veterans Benefits........................       0       0       6       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Survivor Benefits........................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Disability Benefits......................       0       3       0       4       0       0       0       0       0       0
Unemployment Compensation................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Workers Compensation.....................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Property Income..........................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Interest...............................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Dividends..............................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Rents, Royalties, Estates or Trusts....       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Retirement Income........................       0       3       0       4       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Company or Union Retirement............       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Federal Government Retirement..........       0       0       0       4       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Military Retirement....................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  State or Local Government Retirement...       0       3       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Railroad Retirement....................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Annuities..............................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  IRA, Keogh, or 401(K)..................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Other or Don't Know....................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Pension Income...........................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Company or Union Retirement............       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Federal Government Retirement..........       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Military Retirement....................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  State or Local Government Retirement...       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Railroad Retirement....................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Annuities..............................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Alimony..................................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Child Support............................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Educational Assistance...................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Financial Assistance from Outside the
 Household...............................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Other Income, N.E.C......................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Combinations of Income Types:
  Earnings & Social Security.............     154     378     149     369     109     181      86     219      39      57
  Earnings, Social Security, or
    Other Retirement.....................     153     387     153     366     109     182      84     219      39      57
  Social Security or Railroad Retirement.       1       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Social Security or Other Retirement
    Income or Both.......................       1       3       2       4       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Government Transfer Payments...........       5       3       3       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Public Assistance or SSI or Both.......       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Social Security, Public Assistance,
    or SSI or Both.......................       5       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Retirement, SSI or Public Assistance
    or Both..............................       0       3       0       4       0       0       0       0       0       0
PINC-08. Source of Income in 2004-People 15 Years Old and Over, By Income of Specified Type in 2004, Age, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex

[Source:  U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2005 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.  Numbers in thousands.
 People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year.  Social Security income may include a small number of people
 who report Railroad Retirement Income as Social Security Income Retirement.  Income includes payments reported as survivor,
 disability, or retirement benefits.  Rents, royalties, estates or trusts includes estates and trusts reported as survivor
 benefits.  A.O.I.C. stands for alone or in combination]

                                          $47,500 $50,000 $52,500 $55,000 $57,500 $60,000 $62,500 $65,000 $67,500 $70,000
                                               To      To      To      To      To      To      To      To      To      To
                                          $49,999 $52,499 $54,999 $57,499 $59,999 $62,499 $64,999 $67,499 $69,999 $72,499
Both Sexes
25 to 34 Years
Black alone 2/

   Total.................................      43      94      18      54      10      44      15      22       4      20
Earnings.................................      31     103      12      46       7      44       7      21       3      22
  Wages and Salary.......................      27     102      12      44       8      46       5      21       2      17
  Nonfarm Self-Employment................       0       2       0       3       0       0       0       0       0       5
  Farm Self-Employment...................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Social Security..........................       0       2       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
SSI (Supplemental Security Income).......       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Public Assistance........................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Veterans Benefits........................       0       0       0       0       0       0       1       0       0       0
Survivor Benefits........................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Disability Benefits......................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Unemployment Compensation................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Workers Compensation.....................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Property Income..........................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Interest...............................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Dividends..............................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Rents, Royalties, Estates or Trusts....       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Retirement Income........................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Company or Union Retirement............       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Federal Government Retirement..........       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Military Retirement....................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  State or Local Government Retirement...       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Railroad Retirement....................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Annuities..............................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  IRA, Keogh, or 401(K)..................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Other or Don't Know....................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Pension Income...........................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Company or Union Retirement............       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Federal Government Retirement..........       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Military Retirement....................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  State or Local Government Retirement...       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Railroad Retirement....................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Annuities..............................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Alimony..................................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Child Support............................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Educational Assistance...................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Financial Assistance from Outside the
 Household...............................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Other Income, N.E.C......................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Combinations of Income Types:
  Earnings & Social Security.............      31     104      12      46       7      44       7      21       3      22
  Earnings, Social Security, or
    Other Retirement.....................      31     106      12      46       7      47       7      21       3      22
  Social Security or Railroad Retirement.       0       2       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Social Security or Other Retirement
    Income or Both.......................       0       2       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Government Transfer Payments...........       0       0       0       0       0       3       1       0       0       2
  Public Assistance or SSI or Both.......       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Social Security, Public Assistance,
    or SSI or Both.......................       0       0       0       2       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Retirement, SSI or Public Assistance
    or Both..............................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
PINC-08. Source of Income in 2004-People 15 Years Old and Over, By Income of Specified Type in 2004, Age, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex

[Source:  U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2005 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.  Numbers in thousands.
 People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year.  Social Security income may include a small number of people
 who report Railroad Retirement Income as Social Security Income Retirement.  Income includes payments reported as survivor,
 disability, or retirement benefits.  Rents, royalties, estates or trusts includes estates and trusts reported as survivor
 benefits.  A.O.I.C. stands for alone or in combination]

                                          $72,500 $75,000 $77,500 $80,000 $82,500 $85,000 $87,500 $90,000 $92,500 $95,000
                                               To      To      To      To      To      To      To      To      To      To
                                          $74,999 $77,499 $79,999 $82,499 $84,999 $87,499 $89,999 $92,499 $94,999 $97,499
Both Sexes
25 to 34 Years
Black alone 2/

   Total.................................       9      21      10      12       3       7       1      13       2      14
Earnings.................................       5      30       3      11       1       7       1      10       2       9
  Wages and Salary.......................       5      29       3       8       1       7       1      11       0       7
  Nonfarm Self-Employment................       0       1       0       2       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Farm Self-Employment...................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Social Security..........................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
SSI (Supplemental Security Income).......       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Public Assistance........................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Veterans Benefits........................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Survivor Benefits........................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Disability Benefits......................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Unemployment Compensation................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Workers Compensation.....................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Property Income..........................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Interest...............................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Dividends..............................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Rents, Royalties, Estates or Trusts....       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Retirement Income........................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Company or Union Retirement............       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Federal Government Retirement..........       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Military Retirement....................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  State or Local Government Retirement...       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Railroad Retirement....................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Annuities..............................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  IRA, Keogh, or 401(K)..................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Other or Don't Know....................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Pension Income...........................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Company or Union Retirement............       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Federal Government Retirement..........       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Military Retirement....................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  State or Local Government Retirement...       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Railroad Retirement....................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Annuities..............................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Alimony..................................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Child Support............................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Educational Assistance...................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Financial Assistance from Outside the
 Household...............................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Other Income, N.E.C......................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
Combinations of Income Types:
  Earnings & Social Security.............       5      32       3      11       1       7       1      10       2       9
  Earnings, Social Security, or
    Other Retirement.....................       5      32       3      11       1       7       1      10       2       9
  Social Security or Railroad Retirement.       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Social Security or Other Retirement
    Income or Both.......................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Government Transfer Payments...........       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Public Assistance or SSI or Both.......       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Social Security, Public Assistance,
    or SSI or Both.......................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
  Retirement, SSI or Public Assistance
    or Both..............................       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
PINC-08. Source of Income in 2004-People 15 Years Old and Over, By Income of Specified Type in 2004, Age, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex

[Source:  U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2005 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.  Numbers in thousands.
 People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year.  Social Security income may include a small number of people
 who report Railroad Retirement Income as Social Security Income Retirement.  Income includes payments reported as survivor,
 disability, or retirement benefits.  Rents, royalties, estates or trusts includes estates and trusts reported as survivor
 benefits.  A.O.I.C. stands for alone or in combination]

                                                              Median Income     Mean Income
                                          $97,500                  Standard         Standard         Gini Ratio
                                               To $100,000   Value    Error   Value    Error                 Standard
                                          $99,999 And Over   (Dol)    (Dol)   (Dol)    (Dol)       Ratio        Error  B-CELL
Both Sexes
25 to 34 Years
Black alone 2/

   Total.................................       0       48  22,381      364  25,774      380       0.387       0.0131   1,430
Earnings.................................       0       45  24,132      641  26,326      379       0.360       0.0133   1,430
  Wages and Salary.......................       0       45  24,486      596  26,425      379       0.357       0.0136   1,430
  Nonfarm Self-Employment................       0        0   8,410    1,680  14,623    1,775       0.569       0.0736   1,430
  Farm Self-Employment...................       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
Social Security..........................       0        0   6,188      423   7,323      683       0.414       0.0898   1,430
SSI (Supplemental Security Income).......       0        0   5,912      193   5,893      267       0.366       0.0492   1,430
Public Assistance........................       0        0   2,836      350   3,418      256       0.462       0.0629   1,430
Veterans Benefits........................       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
Survivor Benefits........................       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
Disability Benefits......................       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
Unemployment Compensation................       1        0   2,651      272   4,139      569       0.546       0.0893   1,430
Workers Compensation.....................       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
Property Income..........................       0        5   1,361       49   1,126      247       0.179       0.3244   1,430
  Interest...............................       0        0   1,283       47     342       48      -1.475       0.3189   1,430
  Dividends..............................       0        5   1,538      123   3,366    1,143       0.669       0.1260   1,430
  Rents, Royalties, Estates or Trusts....       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
Retirement Income........................       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
  Company or Union Retirement............       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
  Federal Government Retirement..........       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
  Military Retirement....................       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
  State or Local Government Retirement...       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
  Railroad Retirement....................       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
  Annuities..............................       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
  IRA, Keogh, or 401(K)..................       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
  Other or Don't Know....................       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
Pension Income...........................       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
  Company or Union Retirement............       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
  Federal Government Retirement..........       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
  Military Retirement....................       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
  State or Local Government Retirement...       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
  Railroad Retirement....................       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
  Annuities..............................       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
Alimony..................................       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
Child Support............................       0        0   2,796      275   3,657      212       0.479       0.0494   1,430
Educational Assistance...................       0        0   3,964      307   4,966      280       0.454       0.0484   1,430
Financial Assistance from Outside the
 Household...............................       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
Other Income, N.E.C......................       0        0     (B)      (B)     (B)      (B)         (B)          (B)   1,430
Combinations of Income Types:
  Earnings & Social Security.............       0       45  23,430      629  26,001      374       0.365       0.0132   1,430
  Earnings, Social Security, or
    Other Retirement.....................       0       45  23,504      636  26,019      373       0.365       0.0132   1,430
  Social Security or Railroad Retirement.       0        0   6,188      423   7,323      683       0.414       0.0898   1,430
  Social Security or Other Retirement
    Income or Both.......................       0        0   6,552      382   8,481      697       0.421       0.0785   1,430
  Government Transfer Payments...........       1        0   4,674      244   6,209      337       0.497       0.0411   1,430
  Public Assistance or SSI or Both.......       0        0   4,810      348   4,811      216       0.399       0.0407   1,430
  Social Security, Public Assistance,
    or SSI or Both.......................       0        0   5,581      220   6,149      310       0.430       0.0463   1,430
  Retirement, SSI or Public Assistance
    or Both..............................       0        0   5,134      262   5,594      290       0.000       0.0000   1,430

Race Footnotes

Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Contact: Housing and Household Economic Statistics Information Staff at (301)763-3242
Last revised: June 24, 2005
URL: http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032005/perinc/new08_033.htm