09/06/00 1
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 43432 19.1 33.4 33.2 33.0
Age
15 to 24 years 5848 37.3 39.2 39.0 38.5
25 to 44 years 16164 12.7 14.8 14.7 14.6
45 to 54 years 6257 15.3 19.7 19.6 19.3
55 to 64 years 4522 22.5 33.7 33.5 33.2
65 years and over 10641 19.7 66.3 66.0 65.9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 36086 17.9 31.0 30.9 30.7
Inside central cities 16539 20.0 31.8 31.6 31.5
Outside central cities 19547 16.2 30.4 30.3 30.0
Outside metropolitan areas 7346 24.9 44.8 44.8 44.4
Region
Northeast 8619 17.7 36.1 35.9 35.6
Midwest 9887 17.5 33.4 33.3 33.0
South 14444 21.1 34.1 34.0 33.9
West 10483 19.0 30.1 29.9 29.5
09/06/00 2
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 43191 18.7 33.0 32.9 32.6
18 to 24 years old 5606 35.0 36.9 36.7 36.1
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 794 55.1 56.0 55.8 55.8
25 years old and over 37585 16.3 32.5 32.3 32.1
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 6695 36.7 69.2 68.9 68.7
High school graduate, no college 11778 17.0 35.7 35.6 35.4
College: Less than bachelor's degree 9176 11.5 24.1 24.0 23.8
Bachelor's degree or more 9936 6.1 11.5 11.4 11.4
Work Experience in 1999
Total, 20 to 64 years 31605 17.3 21.0 20.9 20.6
Worked at full-time jobs 23973 6.2 6.8 6.7 6.5
50 to 52 weeks 19780 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6
Worked at part-time jobs 3164 34.0 40.0 39.6 38.0
Did not work 4468 64.5 84.1 84.0 84.0
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 1975 69.2 93.0 93.0 92.8
AFDC or other non-SSI 246 65.3 81.2 81.2 81.2
SSI 1776 69.6 94.7 94.7 94.6
Food stamps 1761 68.9 86.3 85.9 85.9
Housing assistance 2227 51.9 82.7 82.4 82.3
Energy assistance 1048 59.2 88.9 88.9 88.9
09/06/00 3
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Food stamps and cash assistance 816 81.1 94.9 94.9 94.9
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 21924 4.6 10.2 10.1 9.6
Medicare 11704 22.6 69.5 69.3 69.1
Also Medicaid 2002 54.6 91.3 91.3 91.3
Medicaid 3616 58.1 84.5 84.2 84.0
Not covered by:
Health insurance 7974 36.1 38.3 38.3 38.3
09/06/00 4
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 33.7 33.9 33.9 34.3 20.8
Age
15 to 24 years 40.2 40.8 40.8 41.6 39.7
25 to 44 years 15.3 15.5 15.4 15.8 14.2
45 to 54 years 20.1 20.3 20.3 20.5 17.1
55 to 64 years 34.2 34.3 34.3 34.6 24.5
65 years and over 66.1 66.1 66.1 66.4 20.9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 31.5 31.6 31.6 32.0 19.6
Inside central cities 32.3 32.6 32.5 33.0 22.1
Outside central cities 30.7 30.9 30.8 31.2 17.4
Outside metropolitan areas 44.9 45.2 45.2 45.6 26.6
Region
Northeast 36.1 36.3 36.3 36.7 19.2
Midwest 33.7 33.9 33.8 34.3 19.0
South 34.7 35.0 35.0 35.4 22.8
West 30.5 30.6 30.5 30.9 20.8
09/06/00 5
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 33.4 33.6 33.6 34.0 20.4
18 to 24 years old 38.0 38.5 38.5 39.4 37.6
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 57.6 57.9 57.9 58.4 57.8
25 years old and over 32.7 32.9 32.8 33.2 17.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 69.5 69.6 69.6 70.2 40.1
High school graduate, no college 36.1 36.4 36.3 36.6 18.7
College: Less than bachelor's degree 24.4 24.5 24.4 24.8 12.5
Bachelor's degree or more 11.7 11.8 11.7 11.9 6.7
Work Experience in 1999
Total, 20 to 64 years 21.5 21.8 21.8 22.2 19.1
Worked at full-time jobs 7.3 7.6 7.5 8.0 7.4
50 to 52 weeks 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.5
Worked at part-time jobs 41.3 42.1 41.8 42.9 37.3
Did not work 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 68.9
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 93.2 93.2 93.2 93.2 85.6
AFDC or other non-SSI 83.6 83.6 83.6 83.8 77.0
SSI 94.7 94.7 94.7 94.7 86.9
Food stamps 86.8 86.8 86.8 87.0 74.1
Housing assistance 82.7 82.9 82.8 83.0 56.3
Energy assistance 89.2 89.2 89.2 89.2 63.6
09/06/00 6
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Food stamps and cash assistance 95.6 95.6 95.6 95.7 91.6
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 9.9 10.0 10.0 10.1 4.6
Medicare 69.3 69.3 69.3 69.6 24.5
Also Medicaid 91.3 91.3 91.3 91.4 63.1
Medicaid 84.4 84.4 84.4 84.7 66.7
Not covered by:
Health insurance 40.5 41.2 41.1 42.4 39.9
09/06/00 7
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 19.8 19.8 19.0 18.5 17.4
Age
15 to 24 years 39.6 39.6 39.5 39.0 38.6
25 to 44 years 13.9 13.9 13.3 12.8 12.2
45 to 54 years 16.4 16.4 15.5 14.8 13.7
55 to 64 years 23.1 23.1 21.7 20.8 19.0
65 years and over 18.4 18.4 17.2 17.0 15.3
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 18.6 18.6 17.9 17.4 16.5
Inside central cities 21.1 21.1 20.0 19.3 18.0
Outside central cities 16.5 16.5 16.0 15.8 15.2
Outside metropolitan areas 25.6 25.6 24.4 23.8 22.2
Region
Northeast 17.7 17.7 16.5 15.8 14.5
Midwest 18.1 18.1 17.6 17.1 16.2
South 21.8 21.8 21.3 20.8 19.6
West 20.2 20.2 19.2 18.7 18.2
09/06/00 8
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 19.4 19.4 18.6 18.1 17.0
18 to 24 years old 37.5 37.5 37.3 36.8 36.4
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 57.8 57.8 57.0 55.9 55.7
25 years old and over 16.7 16.7 15.8 15.3 14.2
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 36.6 36.6 34.3 33.1 29.8
High school graduate, no college 17.5 17.5 16.7 16.1 15.1
College: Less than bachelor's degree 12.0 12.0 11.4 11.1 10.4
Bachelor's degree or more 6.6 6.6 6.3 6.2 6.0
Work Experience in 1999
Total, 20 to 64 years 18.6 18.6 17.8 17.2 16.4
Worked at full-time jobs 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.2 7.1
50 to 52 weeks 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4
Worked at part-time jobs 37.1 37.1 36.2 35.5 34.6
Did not work 65.7 65.7 61.4 58.3 53.7
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 78.9 78.9 62.1 54.0 41.5
AFDC or other non-SSI 73.8 73.8 66.9 60.5 52.7
SSI 79.9 79.9 61.4 52.9 39.8
Food stamps 68.6 68.6 62.6 58.1 44.3
Housing assistance 47.8 47.8 41.3 36.4 19.5
Energy assistance 60.1 60.1 55.3 52.7 45.5
09/06/00 9
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Food stamps and cash assistance 87.2 87.2 74.2 66.0 45.9
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.2
Medicare 20.9 20.9 19.1 18.8 16.6
Also Medicaid 53.8 53.8 44.3 42.6 33.5
Medicaid 61.5 61.5 52.7 46.8 38.3
Not covered by:
Health insurance 39.9 39.9 39.8 39.8 39.4
09/06/00 10
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 15.4 18.1 20.3 20.3
Age
15 to 24 years 38.6 39.1 40.7 40.7
25 to 44 years 12.0 12.8 14.0 13.9
45 to 54 years 12.4 14.4 16.6 16.5
55 to 64 years 15.2 20.0 23.4 23.3
65 years and over 9.7 16.1 19.7 19.7
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 14.7 17.1 19.2 19.1
Inside central cities 16.9 18.7 21.5 21.5
Outside central cities 12.9 15.8 17.2 17.2
Outside metropolitan areas 18.6 23.2 25.9 25.9
Region
Northeast 12.6 15.1 18.9 18.9
Midwest 15.0 16.9 18.8 18.7
South 16.4 20.3 22.3 22.3
West 16.6 18.8 20.2 20.2
09/06/00 11
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 15.0 17.7 19.9 19.9
18 to 24 years old 36.4 36.9 38.6 38.6
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 55.7 56.9 58.1 58.1
25 years old and over 11.8 14.9 17.2 17.1
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 24.3 31.8 38.0 38.0
High school graduate, no college 12.4 15.9 18.0 18.0
College: Less than bachelor's degree 8.8 10.6 12.1 12.1
Bachelor's degree or more 5.3 6.1 6.7 6.6
Work Experience in 1999
Total, 20 to 64 years 15.5 17.1 18.9 18.8
Worked at full-time jobs 6.9 7.2 7.8 7.7
50 to 52 weeks 3.2 3.4 3.8 3.8
Worked at part-time jobs 32.6 35.5 38.5 38.0
Did not work 49.6 57.0 64.5 64.5
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 34.8 48.6 69.8 69.6
AFDC or other non-SSI 51.7 59.2 68.2 68.2
SSI 32.3 46.9 69.9 69.7
Food stamps 37.8 48.1 70.0 69.8
Housing assistance 19.5 21.5 53.0 52.5
Energy assistance 35.3 48.0 60.4 60.4
09/06/00 12
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Food stamps and cash assistance 37.3 51.3 81.6 81.6
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 3.7 4.3 5.2 5.2
Medicare 11.1 18.1 22.6 22.6
Also Medicaid 24.6 37.4 54.6 54.6
Medicaid 32.4 43.8 58.7 58.5
Not covered by:
Health insurance 37.8 39.4 39.8 39.8
09/06/00 13
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 8305 14494 14431 14321 14651 14738 14721 14900 9013
Age
15 to 24 years 2180 2292 2282 2249 2353 2385 2385 2433 2322
25 to 44 years 2052 2395 2383 2352 2467 2500 2486 2555 2291
45 to 54 years 959 1232 1225 1210 1255 1272 1268 1285 1071
55 to 64 years 1019 1524 1515 1501 1545 1551 1551 1565 1109
65 years and over 2095 7052 7026 7009 7032 7032 7032 7062 2220
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 6477 11202 11143 11061 11350 11417 11401 11547 7056
Inside central cities 3314 5258 5222 5203 5341 5384 5375 5457 3658
Outside central cities 3163 5944 5921 5858 6010 6033 6026 6091 3397
Outside metropolitan areas 1828 3292 3288 3260 3301 3322 3320 3352 1957
Region
Northeast 1527 3108 3092 3067 3113 3132 3128 3163 1659
Midwest 1732 3303 3295 3261 3331 3351 3345 3392 1874
South 3052 4932 4913 4899 5012 5051 5049 5109 3300
West 1993 3151 3131 3095 3194 3205 3200 3235 2180
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 8088 14269 14206 14096 14426 14513 14496 14674 8796
18 to 24 years old 1964 2066 2056 2023 2128 2160 2160 2207 2105
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 437 444 443 443 457 460 460 463 459
25 years old and over 6125 12203 12149 12073 12298 12353 12336 12467 6691
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 2457 4633 4615 4599 4651 4658 4658 4700 2682
High school graduate, no college 2006 4210 4196 4165 4251 4282 4272 4316 2197
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1058 2212 2201 2181 2237 2245 2242 2271 1143
09/06/00 14
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Bachelor's degree or more 605 1147 1137 1128 1159 1168 1164 1181 669
Work Experience in 1999
Total, 20 to 64 years 5457 6645 6612 6519 6810 6896 6878 7024 6021
Worked at full-time jobs 1497 1623 1607 1565 1752 1811 1802 1911 1762
50 to 52 weeks 520 537 535 515 619 647 645 717 687
Worked at part-time jobs 1077 1266 1253 1202 1307 1331 1322 1359 1180
Did not work 2883 3757 3752 3752 3752 3754 3754 3754 3079
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 1366 1836 1836 1833 1840 1840 1840 1841 1690
AFDC or other non-SSI 161 200 200 200 206 206 206 206 190
SSI 1235 1683 1683 1680 1682 1682 1682 1682 1543
Food stamps 1214 1519 1512 1512 1528 1528 1528 1531 1305
Housing assistance 1155 1841 1834 1832 1841 1847 1845 1848 1255
Energy assistance 620 931 931 931 934 934 934 934 667
Food stamps and cash assistance 662 774 774 774 780 780 780 781 748
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1002 2238 2207 2098 2173 2192 2183 2208 999
Medicare 2650 8135 8109 8092 8114 8116 8116 8147 2870
Also Medicaid 1094 1829 1828 1828 1828 1828 1828 1831 1263
Medicaid 2100 3056 3044 3039 3053 3053 3053 3065 2410
Not covered by:
Health insurance 2882 3058 3054 3054 3228 3282 3276 3379 3180
09/06/00 15
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 8590 8590 8237 8026 7578 6684 7875 8832 8809
Age
15 to 24 years 2317 2317 2307 2281 2258 2258 2287 2378 2378
25 to 44 years 2250 2250 2144 2062 1978 1935 2068 2266 2251
45 to 54 years 1025 1025 971 928 859 776 899 1036 1032
55 to 64 years 1045 1045 983 942 857 687 902 1060 1056
65 years and over 1953 1953 1833 1814 1625 1028 1718 2092 2092
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 6710 6710 6446 6277 5949 5314 6170 6927 6904
Inside central cities 3485 3485 3313 3195 2979 2788 3090 3563 3551
Outside central cities 3225 3225 3133 3081 2971 2527 3080 3364 3353
Outside metropolitan areas 1880 1880 1791 1749 1629 1369 1704 1905 1905
Region
Northeast 1525 1525 1422 1362 1246 1088 1305 1633 1625
Midwest 1791 1791 1737 1693 1600 1481 1669 1857 1853
South 3156 3156 3070 3011 2827 2376 2930 3219 3215
West 2118 2118 2008 1959 1905 1738 1971 2122 2115
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 8374 8374 8021 7810 7362 6467 7659 8615 8593
18 to 24 years old 2101 2101 2091 2064 2041 2041 2071 2162 2162
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 459 459 452 443 442 442 452 461 461
25 years old and over 6273 6273 5930 5745 5320 4426 5588 6454 6431
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 2451 2451 2296 2215 1994 1629 2130 2547 2543
High school graduate, no college 2065 2065 1968 1897 1773 1457 1874 2126 2123
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1100 1100 1044 1021 953 811 975 1113 1111
09/06/00 16
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Bachelor's degree or more 657 657 623 612 600 529 610 668 654
Work Experience in 1999
Total, 20 to 64 years 5870 5870 5638 5450 5196 4898 5393 5964 5941
Worked at full-time jobs 1762 1762 1748 1722 1701 1651 1721 1862 1857
50 to 52 weeks 687 687 687 678 670 634 679 752 751
Worked at part-time jobs 1173 1173 1147 1124 1096 1033 1124 1218 1201
Did not work 2935 2935 2743 2604 2399 2215 2547 2883 2883
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 1559 1559 1227 1066 820 686 960 1378 1375
AFDC or other non-SSI 182 182 165 149 130 127 146 168 168
SSI 1419 1419 1090 939 706 573 832 1241 1237
Food stamps 1208 1208 1102 1023 780 665 847 1233 1228
Housing assistance 1066 1066 919 811 434 434 479 1180 1170
Energy assistance 630 630 579 553 477 370 503 633 633
Food stamps and cash assistance 712 712 605 539 374 305 419 666 666
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 978 978 962 955 925 807 935 1144 1134
Medicare 2447 2447 2239 2205 1940 1296 2119 2647 2647
Also Medicaid 1078 1078 888 854 671 494 749 1094 1094
Medicaid 2225 2225 1904 1693 1387 1172 1583 2123 2115
Not covered by:
Health insurance 3180 3180 3175 3175 3140 3017 3140 3177 3175