09/06/00 1
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 36151 17.6 32.8 32.7 32.4
Age
15 to 24 years 4909 35.1 37.0 36.9 36.4
25 to 44 years 12945 11.9 13.8 13.7 13.5
45 to 54 years 5047 13.9 18.0 17.9 17.7
55 to 64 years 3784 20.6 31.5 31.3 31.0
65 years and over 9466 17.2 65.1 64.9 64.7
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 29584 16.4 30.4 30.2 30.0
Inside central cities 12414 17.7 29.9 29.7 29.6
Outside central cities 17170 15.5 30.7 30.6 30.3
Outside metropolitan areas 6567 23.0 43.9 43.8 43.4
Region
Northeast 7331 16.3 35.3 35.1 34.8
Midwest 8554 15.9 32.9 32.7 32.4
South 11173 19.4 33.7 33.6 33.5
West 9094 18.2 29.8 29.6 29.3
09/06/00 2
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 35953 17.2 32.5 32.4 32.1
18 to 24 years old 4711 32.9 34.7 34.6 34.0
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 630 51.2 52.0 51.8 51.8
25 years old and over 31242 14.9 32.2 32.0 31.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 5272 33.6 69.0 68.7 68.5
High school graduate, no college 9851 15.5 36.0 35.8 35.6
College: Less than bachelor's degree 7672 10.8 24.5 24.4 24.1
Bachelor's degree or more 8446 6.2 11.8 11.7 11.6
Work Experience in 1999
Total, 20 to 64 years 25679 16.0 19.7 19.5 19.2
Worked at full-time jobs 19759 6.1 6.6 6.6 6.4
50 to 52 weeks 16341 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6
Worked at part-time jobs 2595 32.7 38.1 37.6 36.1
Did not work 3325 62.2 82.7 82.6 82.6
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 1421 66.7 92.3 92.3 92.1
AFDC or other non-SSI 182 63.3 80.9 80.9 80.9
SSI 1278 67.2 94.1 94.1 93.9
Food stamps 1218 68.1 86.0 85.4 85.4
Housing assistance 1538 49.2 83.7 83.2 83.1
Energy assistance 807 56.9 88.7 88.7 88.7
09/06/00 3
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Food stamps and cash assistance 588 81.1 95.6 95.6 95.6
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 18360 4.3 10.4 10.2 9.7
Medicare 10268 19.6 67.9 67.7 67.5
Also Medicaid 1589 50.5 90.3 90.1 90.1
Medicaid 2772 54.9 83.8 83.3 83.3
Not covered by:
Health insurance 6332 34.5 36.5 36.4 36.4
09/06/00 4
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 33.2 33.4 33.3 33.7 19.1
Age
15 to 24 years 38.0 38.6 38.6 39.3 37.4
25 to 44 years 14.2 14.4 14.3 14.6 13.2
45 to 54 years 18.5 18.8 18.7 19.0 15.7
55 to 64 years 32.0 32.2 32.2 32.5 22.5
65 years and over 64.9 64.9 64.9 65.2 18.2
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 30.8 30.9 30.9 31.3 17.9
Inside central cities 30.4 30.6 30.6 31.1 19.6
Outside central cities 31.1 31.2 31.1 31.4 16.7
Outside metropolitan areas 44.0 44.3 44.2 44.6 24.6
Region
Northeast 35.4 35.5 35.5 35.9 17.6
Midwest 33.1 33.3 33.2 33.6 17.2
South 34.1 34.5 34.4 34.8 20.8
West 30.3 30.4 30.4 30.7 20.0
09/06/00 5
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 32.8 33.0 33.0 33.4 18.7
18 to 24 years old 35.7 36.3 36.3 37.0 35.2
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 53.8 54.2 54.2 54.4 54.2
25 years old and over 32.4 32.5 32.5 32.8 16.2
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 69.3 69.4 69.4 70.0 36.8
High school graduate, no college 36.3 36.5 36.4 36.8 17.0
College: Less than bachelor's degree 24.7 24.8 24.7 25.0 11.7
Bachelor's degree or more 11.9 12.0 11.9 12.1 6.7
Work Experience in 1999
Total, 20 to 64 years 20.1 20.4 20.4 20.8 17.7
Worked at full-time jobs 7.1 7.4 7.4 7.7 7.1
50 to 52 weeks 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.4
Worked at part-time jobs 39.1 39.9 39.6 40.6 35.4
Did not work 82.6 82.6 82.6 82.6 66.6
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 92.6 92.6 92.6 92.7 84.3
AFDC or other non-SSI 84.1 84.1 84.1 84.4 76.7
SSI 94.0 94.0 94.0 94.1 85.5
Food stamps 86.6 86.6 86.6 86.8 74.0
Housing assistance 83.3 83.6 83.5 83.7 53.8
Energy assistance 89.1 89.1 89.1 89.1 61.4
09/06/00 6
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Food stamps and cash assistance 96.6 96.6 96.6 96.7 91.7
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 10.1 10.2 10.1 10.2 4.3
Medicare 67.7 67.8 67.8 68.0 21.2
Also Medicaid 90.1 90.1 90.1 90.3 59.2
Medicaid 83.7 83.7 83.7 84.0 63.6
Not covered by:
Health insurance 38.4 39.2 39.1 40.1 37.9
09/06/00 7
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 18.2 18.2 17.4 17.0 16.2
Age
15 to 24 years 37.4 37.4 37.2 36.7 36.4
25 to 44 years 12.9 12.9 12.3 11.9 11.6
45 to 54 years 15.0 15.0 14.2 13.6 13.0
55 to 64 years 21.2 21.2 20.1 19.4 17.7
65 years and over 15.9 15.9 14.8 14.7 13.2
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 17.0 17.0 16.3 15.9 15.2
Inside central cities 18.7 18.7 17.7 17.1 16.2
Outside central cities 15.8 15.8 15.3 15.0 14.5
Outside metropolitan areas 23.6 23.6 22.4 22.0 20.7
Region
Northeast 16.0 16.0 15.0 14.4 13.4
Midwest 16.5 16.5 15.9 15.4 14.7
South 19.9 19.9 19.4 19.1 18.1
West 19.4 19.4 18.4 18.0 17.5
09/06/00 8
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 17.8 17.8 17.0 16.6 15.8
18 to 24 years old 35.2 35.2 35.0 34.5 34.2
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 54.2 54.2 53.6 52.2 52.0
25 years old and over 15.2 15.2 14.3 13.9 13.0
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 33.3 33.3 31.0 29.9 27.3
High school graduate, no college 15.9 15.9 15.1 14.6 13.7
College: Less than bachelor's degree 11.2 11.2 10.6 10.5 9.9
Bachelor's degree or more 6.6 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.1
Work Experience in 1999
Total, 20 to 64 years 17.2 17.2 16.6 16.1 15.5
Worked at full-time jobs 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.0 6.9
50 to 52 weeks 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3
Worked at part-time jobs 35.2 35.2 34.4 33.6 33.0
Did not work 63.4 63.4 58.9 56.2 52.5
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 77.6 77.6 59.4 51.5 40.0
AFDC or other non-SSI 72.4 72.4 65.6 59.0 51.8
SSI 78.6 78.6 58.6 50.2 38.0
Food stamps 67.6 67.6 61.1 57.3 43.7
Housing assistance 43.8 43.8 36.6 32.3 17.1
Energy assistance 57.6 57.6 52.3 49.0 41.9
09/06/00 9
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Food stamps and cash assistance 86.9 86.9 73.5 66.3 46.4
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1
Medicare 18.0 18.0 16.3 16.1 14.3
Also Medicaid 49.9 49.9 39.8 38.6 30.5
Medicaid 58.3 58.3 49.3 44.1 36.7
Not covered by:
Health insurance 37.9 37.9 37.9 37.9 37.5
09/06/00 10
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 14.2 16.9 18.7 18.7
Age
15 to 24 years 36.4 36.8 38.4 38.4
25 to 44 years 11.3 12.2 13.0 12.9
45 to 54 years 11.4 13.6 15.2 15.1
55 to 64 years 13.9 18.4 21.5 21.4
65 years and over 8.3 14.0 17.1 17.1
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 13.4 15.8 17.6 17.5
Inside central cities 15.1 16.8 19.2 19.1
Outside central cities 12.2 15.1 16.4 16.3
Outside metropolitan areas 17.7 21.6 24.0 24.0
Region
Northeast 11.4 14.1 17.3 17.2
Midwest 13.5 15.3 17.0 17.0
South 15.2 18.7 20.3 20.3
West 15.9 18.2 19.5 19.4
09/06/00 11
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 13.8 16.5 18.3 18.3
18 to 24 years old 34.2 34.6 36.2 36.2
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 52.0 53.5 54.5 54.5
25 years old and over 10.7 13.7 15.6 15.6
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 22.3 29.3 34.9 34.9
High school graduate, no college 11.1 14.6 16.3 16.3
College: Less than bachelor's degree 8.2 10.1 11.3 11.2
Bachelor's degree or more 5.3 6.3 6.8 6.7
Work Experience in 1999
Total, 20 to 64 years 14.5 16.1 17.5 17.5
Worked at full-time jobs 6.7 7.0 7.5 7.5
50 to 52 weeks 3.1 3.3 3.7 3.7
Worked at part-time jobs 30.8 33.9 36.5 36.0
Did not work 47.9 56.1 62.2 62.2
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 33.4 47.7 67.4 67.3
AFDC or other non-SSI 50.4 58.0 67.3 67.3
SSI 30.6 45.9 67.4 67.3
Food stamps 37.5 47.6 69.7 69.3
Housing assistance 17.1 19.1 49.8 49.4
Energy assistance 33.0 45.0 57.9 57.9
09/06/00 12
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Food stamps and cash assistance 37.9 52.6 81.8 81.8
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 3.5 4.1 4.9 4.9
Medicare 9.4 15.7 19.5 19.5
Also Medicaid 22.6 34.7 50.5 50.5
Medicaid 31.2 42.5 55.6 55.5
Not covered by:
Health insurance 35.8 37.5 37.9 37.9
09/06/00 13
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 6375 11872 11819 11730 11988 12062 12049 12179 6906
Age
15 to 24 years 1725 1818 1813 1789 1867 1894 1894 1929 1834
25 to 44 years 1542 1788 1774 1748 1832 1858 1849 1886 1704
45 to 54 years 702 910 904 892 931 946 943 960 792
55 to 64 years 779 1193 1184 1174 1211 1217 1217 1231 851
65 years and over 1627 6163 6144 6128 6146 6146 6146 6171 1725
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 4866 8991 8945 8879 9101 9155 9144 9250 5291
Inside central cities 2196 3716 3691 3674 3768 3804 3797 3857 2431
Outside central cities 2670 5275 5254 5204 5333 5352 5347 5392 2860
Outside metropolitan areas 1508 2881 2874 2851 2887 2907 2905 2929 1615
Region
Northeast 1195 2584 2570 2553 2592 2601 2601 2628 1292
Midwest 1359 2812 2801 2767 2827 2844 2839 2871 1469
South 2164 3765 3752 3742 3814 3850 3848 3887 2325
West 1657 2712 2695 2667 2755 2766 2761 2793 1820
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 6198 11687 11634 11544 11803 11877 11863 11994 6730
18 to 24 years old 1548 1633 1628 1603 1682 1709 1709 1744 1658
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 323 328 326 326 339 342 342 343 342
25 years old and over 4650 10054 10006 9941 10121 10168 10155 10249 5072
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1770 3636 3622 3609 3651 3658 3658 3691 1938
High school graduate, no college 1524 3542 3529 3504 3572 3595 3589 3623 1672
College: Less than bachelor's degree 832 1880 1869 1851 1894 1902 1899 1915 894
09/06/00 14
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Bachelor's degree or more 524 997 986 977 1004 1013 1009 1019 568
Work Experience in 1999
Total, 20 to 64 years 4121 5046 5016 4943 5171 5243 5230 5333 4539
Worked at full-time jobs 1207 1308 1296 1262 1411 1462 1455 1531 1406
50 to 52 weeks 427 442 444 427 504 530 528 579 552
Worked at part-time jobs 848 988 975 936 1015 1034 1028 1054 919
Did not work 2067 2750 2745 2745 2745 2747 2747 2748 2214
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 948 1312 1312 1308 1316 1316 1316 1317 1198
AFDC or other non-SSI 115 148 148 148 153 153 153 154 140
SSI 858 1202 1202 1199 1201 1201 1201 1202 1092
Food stamps 829 1048 1041 1041 1055 1055 1055 1058 901
Housing assistance 756 1287 1280 1278 1281 1286 1284 1287 827
Energy assistance 459 715 715 715 719 719 719 719 495
Food stamps and cash assistance 477 562 562 562 568 568 568 569 540
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 799 1907 1878 1788 1853 1868 1861 1881 793
Medicare 2008 6973 6951 6935 6956 6958 6958 6983 2177
Also Medicaid 802 1435 1432 1432 1432 1432 1432 1435 940
Medicaid 1523 2323 2309 2308 2320 2320 2320 2328 1764
Not covered by:
Health insurance 2185 2309 2306 2306 2434 2479 2475 2542 2402
09/06/00 15
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 6573 6573 6299 6154 5856 5138 6092 6768 6749
Age
15 to 24 years 1834 1834 1826 1804 1787 1787 1808 1884 1884
25 to 44 years 1675 1675 1591 1540 1499 1462 1575 1683 1672
45 to 54 years 757 757 715 684 654 577 688 765 761
55 to 64 years 801 801 762 734 670 525 696 815 811
65 years and over 1506 1506 1404 1391 1246 787 1325 1622 1622
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 5026 5026 4825 4711 4499 3978 4674 5194 5176
Inside central cities 2315 2315 2203 2127 2011 1879 2086 2378 2371
Outside central cities 2710 2710 2622 2583 2487 2099 2588 2816 2805
Outside metropolitan areas 1547 1547 1473 1443 1357 1160 1418 1574 1574
Region
Northeast 1175 1175 1098 1058 984 835 1035 1266 1262
Midwest 1408 1408 1360 1320 1254 1151 1310 1455 1450
South 2225 2225 2167 2136 2024 1702 2093 2273 2270
West 1765 1765 1675 1640 1594 1450 1655 1774 1767
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 6397 6397 6122 5978 5679 4962 5916 6592 6573
18 to 24 years old 1658 1658 1650 1627 1611 1611 1632 1707 1707
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 342 342 338 329 328 328 337 344 344
25 years old and over 4739 4739 4472 4350 4069 3351 4284 4885 4866
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1753 1753 1634 1577 1438 1178 1543 1839 1839
High school graduate, no college 1569 1569 1490 1443 1349 1093 1434 1605 1602
College: Less than bachelor's degree 857 857 810 802 763 630 778 864 862
09/06/00 16
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected
Characteristics: 1999 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Bachelor's degree or more 559 559 539 528 519 450 529 577 563
Work Experience in 1999
Total, 20 to 64 years 4425 4425 4253 4125 3974 3716 4130 4502 4483
Worked at full-time jobs 1406 1406 1401 1386 1372 1323 1382 1487 1482
50 to 52 weeks 552 552 552 547 540 507 546 604 603
Worked at part-time jobs 912 912 892 872 856 800 881 948 935
Did not work 2107 2107 1960 1867 1747 1593 1867 2067 2067
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 1102 1102 845 732 569 474 678 957 957
AFDC or other non-SSI 132 132 120 108 95 92 106 123 123
SSI 1004 1004 749 641 486 392 586 861 860
Food stamps 824 824 745 699 532 456 580 849 844
Housing assistance 673 673 563 497 264 264 294 767 760
Energy assistance 465 465 422 395 338 266 363 467 467
Food stamps and cash assistance 512 512 432 390 273 223 309 481 481
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 779 779 766 766 751 649 754 902 892
Medicare 1843 1843 1673 1654 1466 967 1609 2003 2003
Also Medicaid 792 792 632 613 484 359 551 802 802
Medicaid 1617 1617 1366 1221 1018 866 1177 1542 1538
Not covered by:
Health insurance 2402 2402 2397 2397 2374 2267 2374 2400 2397