07/27/99 533
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
Total 1266 20.3 25.1 24.7 24.6
Age
15 to 24 years 253 41.4 42.2 42.2 42.2
25 to 44 years 706 12.5 13.2 13.2 13.1
45 to 54 years 125 15.5 19.8 19.8 19.8
55 to 64 years 54 15.8 23.5 23.5 23.5
65 years and over 128 28.4 63.3 59.0 59.0
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 1224 19.7 24.5 24.1 24.1
Inside central cities 744 21.8 27.1 27.0 27.0
Outside central cities 479 16.5 20.4 19.5 19.5
Outside metropolitan areas 42 36.7 43.8 43.8 41.5
Region
Northeast 243 18.9 20.7 20.7 20.7
Midwest 116 9.9 18.5 18.5 18.5
South 189 26.2 26.8 26.8 26.8
West 718 20.9 27.3 26.5 26.4
107/27/99 534
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 1260 19.9 24.8 24.4 24.3
18 to 24 years old 247 40.1 40.9 40.9 40.9
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 11 58.9 58.9 58.9 58.9
25 years old and over 1013 15.0 20.9 20.3 20.3
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 102 27.7 51.7 50.6 50.6
High school graduate, no college 180 22.8 32.3 29.9 29.9
College: Less than bachelor's degree 192 19.0 20.7 20.7 20.2
Bachelor's degree or more 539 8.6 11.3 11.3 11.3
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 1093 17.6 19.1 19.1 19.0
Worked at full-time jobs 760 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.9
50 to 52 weeks 619 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5
Worked at part-time jobs 140 19.9 23.8 23.8 23.8
Did not work 193 61.4 67.3 67.3 67.3
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 44 43.1 78.0 78.0 78.0
AFDC or other non-SSI 12 16.5 48.3 48.3 48.3
SSI 34 50.9 89.0 89.0 89.0
Food stamps 29 49.6 64.9 64.9 64.9
Housing assistance 38 26.9 66.7 66.7 66.7
Energy assistance 15 40.9 40.9 40.9 40.9
Food stamps and cash assistance 15 30.6 59.8 59.8 59.8
107/27/99 535
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 612 4.1 5.1 5.1 5.0
Medicare 132 26.5 65.9 61.8 61.8
Also Medicaid 33 60.6 100.0 100.0 100.0
Medicaid 76 49.5 69.1 69.1 69.1
Not covered by:
Health insurance 347 34.7 36.0 36.0 36.0
107/27/99 536
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
Total 25.4 25.6 25.5 25.6 22.5
Age
15 to 24 years 42.6 42.6 42.6 42.6 41.9
25 to 44 years 14.3 14.3 14.1 14.3 13.5
45 to 54 years 19.8 19.8 19.8 19.8 17.2
55 to 64 years 23.5 23.5 23.5 23.5 17.7
65 years and over 59.0 60.9 60.9 60.9 40.5
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 24.8 25.0 25.0 25.0 22.0
Inside central cities 28.1 28.5 28.5 28.5 25.3
Outside central cities 19.5 19.5 19.5 19.5 16.9
Outside metropolitan areas 43.8 43.8 41.5 43.8 36.7
Region
Northeast 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 18.9
Midwest 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 13.4
South 26.8 28.1 28.1 28.1 27.5
West 27.7 27.7 27.6 27.7 23.8
107/27/99 537
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 25.1 25.3 25.2 25.3 22.1
18 to 24 years old 41.3 41.3 41.3 41.3 40.5
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 58.9 58.9 58.9 58.9 58.9
25 years old and over 21.1 21.3 21.2 21.3 17.6
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 54.3 54.3 54.3 54.3 38.3
High school graduate, no college 29.9 29.9 29.9 29.9 24.2
College: Less than bachelor's degree 22.7 22.7 22.2 22.7 21.5
Bachelor's degree or more 11.3 11.8 11.8 11.8 10.1
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 19.9 19.9 19.8 19.9 18.7
Worked at full-time jobs 6.2 6.2 6.0 6.2 6.2
50 to 52 weeks 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.7
Worked at part-time jobs 29.2 29.2 29.2 29.2 25.4
Did not work 67.3 67.3 67.3 67.3 63.1
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 78.0 78.0 78.0 78.0 72.8
AFDC or other non-SSI 48.3 48.3 48.3 48.3 38.3
SSI 89.0 89.0 89.0 89.0 82.2
Food stamps 64.9 64.9 64.9 64.9 60.8
Housing assistance 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 46.2
Energy assistance 40.9 40.9 40.9 40.9 40.9
Food stamps and cash assistance 59.8 59.8 59.8 59.8 52.0
107/27/99 538
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.1 4.1
Medicare 61.8 63.7 63.7 63.7 39.0
Also Medicaid 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 90.9
Medicaid 69.1 69.1 69.1 69.1 65.2
Not covered by:
Health insurance 38.2 38.2 38.2 38.2 36.9
107/27/99 539
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
Total 21.9 21.9 20.5 20.4 20.0
Age
15 to 24 years 41.9 41.9 41.9 41.9 41.9
25 to 44 years 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.3 13.3
45 to 54 years 17.2 17.2 15.5 15.5 14.7
55 to 64 years 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8
65 years and over 36.1 36.1 23.8 23.8 21.2
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 21.4 21.4 19.9 19.9 19.6
Inside central cities 24.6 24.6 22.2 22.2 21.8
Outside central cities 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.2 16.2
Outside metropolitan areas 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 31.6
Region
Northeast 18.9 18.9 18.9 18.9 17.7
Midwest 11.7 11.7 9.9 9.9 9.5
South 26.2 26.2 24.9 24.9 24.9
West 23.5 23.5 21.6 21.5 21.2
107/27/99 540
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 21.6 21.6 20.1 20.1 19.7
18 to 24 years old 40.5 40.5 40.5 40.5 40.5
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 58.9 58.9 58.9 58.9 58.9
25 years old and over 17.0 17.0 15.2 15.1 14.6
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 37.1 37.1 27.2 27.2 25.7
High school graduate, no college 24.2 24.2 22.4 21.8 21.8
College: Less than bachelor's degree 21.0 21.0 21.0 21.0 21.0
Bachelor's degree or more 9.3 9.3 8.4 8.4 7.8
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 18.6 18.6 18.3 18.2 18.1
Worked at full-time jobs 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.0
50 to 52 weeks 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7
Worked at part-time jobs 25.4 25.4 25.4 25.4 25.4
Did not work 62.5 62.5 61.3 60.7 60.4
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 70.4 70.4 29.4 26.9 24.5
AFDC or other non-SSI 38.3 38.3 16.5 16.5 7.5
SSI 79.1 79.1 32.8 29.5 29.5
Food stamps 57.1 57.1 37.3 37.3 21.6
Housing assistance 43.4 43.4 17.7 17.7 4.3
Energy assistance 40.9 40.9 25.5 25.5 25.5
Food stamps and cash assistance 44.9 44.9 7.0 7.0 0.0
107/27/99 541
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1
Medicare 34.0 34.0 21.9 21.9 19.3
Also Medicaid 90.9 90.9 42.0 42.0 31.6
Medicaid 65.2 65.2 41.6 40.2 33.6
Not covered by:
Health insurance 36.9 36.9 36.9 36.9 36.9
107/27/99 542
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
Total 19.4 20.7 21.7 21.5
Age
15 to 24 years 41.9 41.9 41.9 41.9
25 to 44 years 13.3 13.5 14.2 13.9
45 to 54 years 12.8 14.7 15.5 15.5
55 to 64 years 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8
65 years and over 16.4 26.6 31.9 31.9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 19.1 20.3 21.2 21.0
Inside central cities 21.0 22.5 23.6 23.3
Outside central cities 16.2 16.9 17.4 17.4
Outside metropolitan areas 25.5 33.0 36.7 36.7
Region
Northeast 17.7 17.7 18.9 18.9
Midwest 9.5 11.2 11.6 11.6
South 23.5 27.5 28.6 27.5
West 20.4 21.5 22.5 22.5
107/27/99 543
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 19.0 20.4 21.4 21.2
18 to 24 years old 40.5 40.5 40.5 40.5
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 58.9 58.9 58.9 58.9
25 years old and over 13.7 15.4 16.7 16.5
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 23.4 26.5 31.4 31.4
High school graduate, no college 20.4 22.8 22.8 22.8
College: Less than bachelor's degree 21.0 21.0 21.0 21.0
Bachelor's degree or more 7.1 8.9 10.3 9.9
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 17.9 18.3 18.8 18.6
Worked at full-time jobs 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.5
50 to 52 weeks 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7
Worked at part-time jobs 25.4 25.4 26.9 25.4
Did not work 59.2 61.4 61.4 61.4
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 24.5 32.9 43.1 43.1
AFDC or other non-SSI 7.5 7.5 16.5 16.5
SSI 29.5 40.6 50.9 50.9
Food stamps 21.6 30.0 49.6 49.6
Housing assistance 4.3 5.9 26.9 26.9
Energy assistance 25.5 40.9 40.9 40.9
Food stamps and cash assistance 0.0 15.9 30.6 30.6
107/27/99 544
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 4.1 4.1 4.5 4.5
Medicare 14.7 24.7 29.9 29.9
Also Medicaid 31.6 39.6 60.6 60.6
Medicaid 33.6 39.2 49.5 49.5
Not covered by:
Health insurance 36.3 36.9 37.5 36.9
107/27/99 545
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
Total 257 318 313 312 322 324 323 324 284
Age
15 to 24 years 105 107 107 107 108 108 108 108 106
25 to 44 years 88 93 93 92 101 101 100 101 95
45 to 54 years 19 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 22
55 to 64 years 8 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 10
65 years and over 36 81 75 75 75 78 78 78 52
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 241 300 294 294 303 306 306 306 269
Inside central cities 163 202 201 201 209 212 212 212 188
Outside central cities 79 98 94 94 94 94 94 94 81
Outside metropolitan areas 16 19 19 18 19 19 18 19 16
Region
Northeast 46 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 46
Midwest 11 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 16
South 49 51 51 51 51 53 53 53 52
West 150 196 191 190 199 199 198 199 171
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 251 313 307 306 316 318 317 318 279
18 to 24 years old 99 101 101 101 102 102 102 102 100
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
25 years old and over 152 212 206 205 214 216 215 216 178
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 28 53 52 52 55 55 55 55 39
High school graduate, no college 41 58 54 54 54 54 54 54 43
College: Less than bachelor's degree 36 40 40 39 44 44 43 44 41
Bachelor's degree or more 47 61 61 61 61 63 63 63 55
107/27/99 546
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 192 209 209 208 217 217 216 217 204
Worked at full-time jobs 46 46 46 45 47 47 46 47 47
50 to 52 weeks 10 10 10 9 10 10 9 10 10
Worked at part-time jobs 28 33 33 33 41 41 41 41 35
Did not work 118 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 122
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 19 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 32
AFDC or other non-SSI 2 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4
SSI 17 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 28
Food stamps 14 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 17
Housing assistance 10 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 17
Energy assistance 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Food stamps and cash assistance 5 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 25 32 32 31 32 32 31 32 25
Medicare 35 87 82 82 82 84 84 84 52
Also Medicaid 20 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 30
Medicaid 38 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 50
Not covered by:
Health insurance 121 125 125 125 132 132 132 132 128
107/27/99 547
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
Total 278 278 260 259 254 245 262 275 273
Age
15 to 24 years 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106
25 to 44 years 95 95 95 94 94 94 95 100 98
45 to 54 years 22 22 19 19 18 16 18 19 19
55 to 64 years 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
65 years and over 46 46 31 31 27 21 34 41 41
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 262 262 244 243 240 234 248 259 257
Inside central cities 183 183 165 165 162 156 167 176 174
Outside central cities 79 79 79 78 78 78 81 83 83
Outside metropolitan areas 16 16 16 16 13 11 14 16 16
Region
Northeast 46 46 46 46 43 43 43 46 46
Midwest 14 14 11 11 11 11 13 13 13
South 49 49 47 47 47 44 52 54 52
West 169 169 155 154 152 147 154 161 161
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 272 272 254 253 248 239 257 269 267
18 to 24 years old 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
25 years old and over 172 172 154 153 148 139 156 169 167
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 38 38 28 28 26 24 27 32 32
High school graduate, no college 43 43 40 39 39 37 41 41 41
College: Less than bachelor's degree 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40
Bachelor's degree or more 50 50 45 45 42 38 48 56 54
107/27/99 548
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 203 203 200 199 198 195 200 205 203
Worked at full-time jobs 47 47 47 47 46 46 46 49 49
50 to 52 weeks 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Worked at part-time jobs 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 38 35
Did not work 121 121 118 117 117 114 118 118 118
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 31 31 13 12 11 11 14 19 19
AFDC or other non-SSI 4 4 2 2 1 1 1 2 2
SSI 27 27 11 10 10 10 14 17 17
Food stamps 16 16 11 11 6 6 9 14 14
Housing assistance 16 16 7 7 2 2 2 10 10
Energy assistance 6 6 4 4 4 4 6 6 6
Food stamps and cash assistance 7 7 1 1 0 0 2 5 5
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 28 28
Medicare 45 45 29 29 25 19 33 39 39
Also Medicaid 30 30 14 14 10 10 13 20 20
Medicaid 50 50 32 31 26 26 30 38 38
Not covered by:
Health insurance 128 128 128 128 128 126 128 130 128