07/27/99 501
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 5390 32.5 43.9 43.9 43.5
Age
15 to 24 years 553 47.3 50.4 50.4 50.4
25 to 44 years 2172 22.5 25.5 25.5 25.1
45 to 54 years 959 26.6 31.9 31.9 31.7
55 to 64 years 694 41.1 57.0 57.0 56.6
65 years and over 1012 45.6 82.1 82.1 81.6
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 4763 31.4 42.6 42.5 42.2
Inside central cities 3196 34.5 47.0 47.0 46.7
Outside central cities 1566 25.0 33.6 33.3 32.9
Outside metropolitan areas 628 41.3 54.0 54.0 53.6
Region
Northeast 1013 35.0 48.8 48.4 48.1
Midwest 1060 30.2 41.8 42.1 41.8
South 2756 34.4 43.7 43.7 43.3
West 561 23.1 40.1 39.8 39.4
107/27/99 502
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 5371 32.3 43.7 43.7 43.3
18 to 24 years old 534 45.4 48.6 48.6 48.6
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 70 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9
25 years old and over 4837 30.8 43.1 43.1 42.7
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1316 51.0 69.5 69.5 69.5
High school graduate, no college 1610 34.5 47.1 46.9 46.3
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1090 18.0 28.1 28.1 27.2
Bachelor's degree or more 821 8.3 13.0 13.3 13.3
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 4298 28.6 34.3 34.2 33.9
Worked at full-time jobs 2789 7.9 9.2 9.1 8.7
50 to 52 weeks 2341 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4
Worked at part-time jobs 457 44.4 52.2 52.2 51.4
Did not work 1051 76.6 93.1 93.1 93.1
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 605 79.2 95.5 95.5 94.3
AFDC or other non-SSI 88 76.1 84.8 84.8 82.3
SSI 524 78.9 97.4 97.4 96.4
Food stamps 522 77.4 88.8 88.8 88.8
Housing assistance 739 63.0 78.9 78.9 78.9
Energy assistance 239 61.7 84.8 84.8 84.8
Food stamps and cash assistance 279 83.1 96.0 96.0 96.0
107/27/99 503
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 2336 8.0 11.9 11.9 11.1
Medicare 1335 50.8 84.7 84.7 84.2
Also Medicaid 442 74.1 93.2 93.2 93.2
Medicaid 831 74.1 90.4 90.4 89.8
Not covered by:
Health insurance 1303 44.9 50.0 49.9 49.9
107/27/99 504
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 44.7 45.1 44.9 45.3 35.1
Age
15 to 24 years 50.4 50.4 50.4 51.5 48.4
25 to 44 years 26.8 27.5 27.1 27.6 25.3
45 to 54 years 33.6 33.8 33.6 33.8 30.0
55 to 64 years 57.2 57.5 57.5 57.5 42.9
65 years and over 82.2 82.2 82.2 82.2 48.3
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 43.2 43.5 43.4 43.8 33.6
Inside central cities 47.5 47.8 47.7 47.9 36.3
Outside central cities 34.4 34.8 34.5 35.4 28.1
Outside metropolitan areas 56.4 57.1 56.7 56.7 46.4
Region
Northeast 48.6 48.8 48.6 48.8 36.4
Midwest 42.4 42.7 42.6 43.2 31.4
South 45.3 45.7 45.6 45.8 37.8
West 39.4 40.2 39.4 40.2 26.6
107/27/99 505
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 44.5 44.9 44.7 45.1 34.9
18 to 24 years old 48.6 48.6 48.6 49.7 46.5
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9
25 years old and over 44.1 44.5 44.3 44.6 33.6
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 71.0 71.2 71.2 71.4 54.4
High school graduate, no college 48.0 48.8 48.5 48.6 38.0
College: Less than bachelor's degree 28.9 29.3 28.9 29.5 20.7
Bachelor's degree or more 13.3 13.5 13.3 13.5 8.5
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 35.3 35.8 35.5 36.0 31.2
Worked at full-time jobs 10.2 10.7 10.4 10.9 9.8
50 to 52 weeks 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.8 4.5
Worked at part-time jobs 55.4 57.1 56.3 57.1 48.3
Did not work 93.1 93.1 93.1 93.5 80.5
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 95.1 95.1 95.1 95.4 92.0
AFDC or other non-SSI 82.3 82.3 82.3 82.3 77.6
SSI 97.4 97.4 97.4 97.7 93.7
Food stamps 89.8 89.8 89.8 90.4 83.7
Housing assistance 80.6 80.9 80.9 80.9 69.5
Energy assistance 84.8 85.7 85.7 85.7 72.2
Food stamps and cash assistance 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 92.5
107/27/99 506
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 11.5 11.9 11.7 11.8 7.9
Medicare 84.8 85.1 85.1 85.1 54.2
Also Medicaid 93.2 93.7 93.7 93.7 83.0
Medicaid 90.6 90.8 90.8 91.0 83.0
Not covered by:
Health insurance 53.3 53.9 53.5 54.6 49.5
107/27/99 507
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 32.9 32.9 31.3 29.7 26.2
Age
15 to 24 years 48.4 48.4 48.4 47.3 45.5
25 to 44 years 25.0 25.0 23.4 22.1 19.2
45 to 54 years 28.4 28.4 26.6 24.6 20.5
55 to 64 years 40.0 40.0 38.4 35.2 30.5
65 years and over 41.0 41.0 38.3 37.5 33.3
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 31.3 31.3 30.0 28.3 25.3
Inside central cities 33.8 33.8 32.4 30.4 26.5
Outside central cities 26.2 26.2 25.2 23.9 22.9
Outside metropolitan areas 44.9 44.9 41.1 40.7 33.2
Region
Northeast 33.3 33.3 31.6 28.5 23.8
Midwest 31.0 31.0 30.0 29.6 26.2
South 35.3 35.3 33.5 32.5 29.1
West 24.0 24.0 22.0 18.6 16.3
107/27/99 508
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 32.7 32.7 31.0 29.5 26.0
18 to 24 years old 46.5 46.5 46.5 45.4 43.5
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 80.9 80.9 80.9 76.3 76.3
25 years old and over 31.2 31.2 29.3 27.7 24.0
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 49.4 49.4 46.8 45.5 37.4
High school graduate, no college 36.0 36.0 33.7 30.9 28.1
College: Less than bachelor's degree 19.1 19.1 17.9 17.2 15.5
Bachelor's degree or more 8.3 8.3 8.0 6.9 6.0
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 30.2 30.2 28.8 27.0 23.6
Worked at full-time jobs 9.8 9.8 9.4 9.4 8.1
50 to 52 weeks 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 3.9
Worked at part-time jobs 47.9 47.9 46.9 44.1 42.5
Did not work 76.6 76.6 72.4 66.3 56.7
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 85.4 85.4 72.5 61.4 41.3
AFDC or other non-SSI 77.6 77.6 73.6 72.3 58.2
SSI 86.2 86.2 71.6 58.8 38.0
Food stamps 78.8 78.8 73.4 68.6 47.5
Housing assistance 61.5 61.5 57.5 49.6 26.2
Energy assistance 66.0 66.0 58.1 54.6 44.7
Food stamps and cash assistance 88.0 88.0 78.0 70.9 39.9
107/27/99 509
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 7.2 7.2 7.0 6.8 6.4
Medicare 45.5 45.5 41.9 41.0 33.5
Also Medicaid 70.5 70.5 60.8 57.9 40.7
Medicaid 76.3 76.3 67.1 57.1 42.3
Not covered by:
Health insurance 49.5 49.5 49.4 49.4 47.0
107/27/99 510
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 23.5 28.5 34.0 34.0
Age
15 to 24 years 45.5 46.0 48.4 48.4
25 to 44 years 19.1 20.4 25.3 25.3
45 to 54 years 19.0 24.6 28.5 28.5
55 to 64 years 27.4 34.1 41.2 41.2
65 years and over 22.3 36.3 45.3 45.3
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 23.5 27.6 32.9 32.9
Inside central cities 24.8 28.8 35.6 35.6
Outside central cities 20.6 25.2 27.2 27.2
Outside metropolitan areas 23.4 34.9 42.8 42.8
Region
Northeast 23.1 25.4 35.5 35.5
Midwest 24.3 27.6 31.1 31.1
South 24.8 32.0 36.6 36.6
West 15.8 18.3 24.2 24.2
107/27/99 511
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 23.2 28.2 33.8 33.8
18 to 24 years old 43.5 44.0 46.5 46.5
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 76.3 76.3 80.9 80.9
25 years old and over 20.9 26.5 32.4 32.4
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 31.1 42.3 51.9 51.9
High school graduate, no college 25.2 30.4 36.7 36.7
College: Less than bachelor's degree 14.1 16.5 20.5 20.5
Bachelor's degree or more 5.5 6.7 8.3 8.3
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 22.7 25.7 30.6 30.6
Worked at full-time jobs 8.1 8.1 10.2 10.2
50 to 52 weeks 4.0 3.9 4.9 4.9
Worked at part-time jobs 41.5 44.8 49.2 49.2
Did not work 53.4 64.4 76.6 76.6
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 35.1 53.5 79.2 79.2
AFDC or other non-SSI 58.2 62.6 76.1 76.1
SSI 30.8 51.2 78.9 78.9
Food stamps 41.8 53.1 78.9 78.9
Housing assistance 26.2 31.0 65.0 65.0
Energy assistance 35.0 48.5 61.7 61.7
Food stamps and cash assistance 33.9 49.6 83.1 83.1
107/27/99 512
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 5.4 6.9 8.8 8.8
Medicare 23.9 39.4 50.6 50.6
Also Medicaid 28.5 50.4 74.1 74.1
Medicaid 34.8 52.7 74.5 74.5
Not covered by:
Health insurance 46.8 47.0 49.4 49.4
107/27/99 513
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 1752 2366 2364 2346 2411 2431 2421 2441 1891
Age
15 to 24 years 262 279 279 279 279 279 279 285 268
25 to 44 years 489 555 553 544 582 598 589 600 549
45 to 54 years 255 306 306 304 322 324 322 324 287
55 to 64 years 285 395 395 393 397 399 399 399 298
65 years and over 461 831 831 826 832 832 832 832 489
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 1493 2027 2025 2009 2057 2073 2065 2085 1600
Inside central cities 1102 1501 1503 1493 1519 1528 1525 1531 1159
Outside central cities 392 526 522 516 538 545 541 554 440
Outside metropolitan areas 259 339 339 336 354 358 356 356 292
Region
Northeast 354 494 490 487 492 494 492 494 369
Midwest 320 443 446 443 449 453 451 458 333
South 948 1203 1205 1195 1248 1259 1256 1263 1041
West 130 225 223 221 221 226 221 226 149
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 1733 2346 2345 2326 2392 2412 2402 2421 1872
18 to 24 years old 242 259 259 259 259 259 259 265 248
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57
25 years old and over 1491 2087 2085 2067 2132 2153 2142 2156 1624
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 671 915 915 915 935 937 937 940 716
High school graduate, no college 555 759 755 746 774 785 782 783 612
College: Less than bachelor's degree 197 306 306 296 315 319 315 321 225
Bachelor's degree or more 68 107 109 109 109 111 109 111 70
107/27/99 514
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 1229 1473 1471 1457 1517 1537 1527 1547 1340
Worked at full-time jobs 221 256 254 244 285 298 291 303 273
50 to 52 weeks 82 82 82 80 100 107 102 113 106
Worked at part-time jobs 203 239 239 235 253 261 258 261 221
Did not work 804 978 978 978 978 978 978 982 846
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 479 578 578 571 576 576 576 577 557
AFDC or other non-SSI 67 74 74 72 72 72 72 72 68
SSI 414 510 510 506 510 510 510 512 491
Food stamps 404 464 464 464 469 469 469 472 437
Housing assistance 466 583 583 583 596 598 598 598 514
Energy assistance 147 202 202 202 202 204 204 204 172
Food stamps and cash assistance 232 268 268 268 268 268 268 268 258
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 187 277 279 260 270 277 273 276 184
Medicare 678 1131 1131 1124 1132 1136 1136 1136 724
Also Medicaid 328 412 412 412 412 414 414 414 367
Medicaid 616 751 751 746 752 755 755 756 690
Not covered by:
Health insurance 584 652 650 650 695 702 697 711 644
107/27/99 515
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 1775 1775 1686 1603 1414 1265 1536 1834 1834
Age
15 to 24 years 268 268 268 262 252 252 254 268 268
25 to 44 years 542 542 509 481 417 415 442 549 549
45 to 54 years 272 272 255 236 197 182 236 273 273
55 to 64 years 277 277 266 244 211 190 236 286 286
65 years and over 415 415 388 380 337 226 367 458 458
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 1493 1493 1429 1347 1205 1118 1317 1565 1565
Inside central cities 1082 1082 1035 973 846 794 922 1138 1138
Outside central cities 411 411 394 374 359 323 395 427 427
Outside metropolitan areas 282 282 258 255 208 147 219 269 269
Region
Northeast 337 337 320 289 241 234 257 360 360
Midwest 329 329 318 314 278 258 293 330 330
South 974 974 924 895 803 684 883 1008 1008
West 134 134 124 104 91 88 103 136 136
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 1755 1755 1667 1583 1394 1245 1516 1814 1814
18 to 24 years old 248 248 248 242 232 232 235 248 248
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 57 57 57 54 54 54 54 57 57
25 years old and over 1507 1507 1419 1341 1162 1013 1281 1566 1566
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 651 651 615 599 492 409 557 683 683
High school graduate, no college 580 580 543 498 453 406 490 591 591
College: Less than bachelor's degree 208 208 195 187 168 153 180 224 224
Bachelor's degree or more 68 68 66 56 49 45 55 68 68
107/27/99 516
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 1297 1297 1237 1161 1015 976 1106 1313 1313
Worked at full-time jobs 273 273 262 262 225 226 225 284 284
50 to 52 weeks 106 106 106 106 91 93 91 116 116
Worked at part-time jobs 219 219 215 202 194 190 205 225 225
Did not work 805 805 760 697 595 561 677 805 805
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 517 517 439 372 250 212 323 479 479
AFDC or other non-SSI 68 68 65 64 51 51 55 67 67
SSI 452 452 375 308 199 161 268 414 414
Food stamps 412 412 383 358 248 218 277 412 412
Housing assistance 454 454 425 366 193 193 229 481 481
Energy assistance 157 157 139 130 107 83 116 147 147
Food stamps and cash assistance 246 246 218 198 111 95 139 232 232
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 167 167 163 160 150 125 160 207 207
Medicare 607 607 560 547 447 319 526 675 675
Also Medicaid 312 312 269 256 180 126 223 328 328
Medicaid 634 634 558 474 351 289 438 619 619
Not covered by:
Health insurance 644 644 644 644 612 610 612 644 644