07/27/99 485
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 35563 18.0 33.3 33.1 32.8
Age
15 to 24 years 4578 34.9 37.0 36.8 36.2
25 to 44 years 13006 12.4 14.1 13.9 13.6
45 to 54 years 5003 15.5 19.2 19.1 18.7
55 to 64 years 3591 21.2 32.4 32.2 32.0
65 years and over 9385 17.5 66.1 65.8 65.7
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 28971 16.8 31.2 31.0 30.7
Inside central cities 12628 19.2 32.0 31.8 31.4
Outside central cities 16343 15.0 30.6 30.3 30.1
Outside metropolitan areas 6592 22.9 42.8 42.6 42.2
Region
Northeast 7104 18.4 36.1 35.9 35.6
Midwest 8360 15.6 32.3 32.1 31.6
South 11219 19.4 35.0 34.6 34.5
West 8881 18.0 30.0 29.9 29.7
107/27/99 486
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 35394 17.6 33.0 32.8 32.5
18 to 24 years old 4410 32.7 34.7 34.6 33.9
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 626 57.5 58.4 58.4 56.6
25 years old and over 30985 15.4 32.8 32.6 32.4
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 5515 32.6 67.1 66.9 66.6
High school graduate, no college 9631 17.2 38.2 37.9 37.4
College: Less than bachelor's degree 7622 10.5 23.6 23.5 23.4
Bachelor's degree or more 8217 6.5 11.9 11.9 11.7
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 25312 16.6 20.1 19.9 19.6
Worked at full-time jobs 19353 6.1 6.8 6.7 6.3
50 to 52 weeks 16207 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.8
Worked at part-time jobs 2506 30.3 37.0 36.7 36.4
Did not work 3453 65.4 82.0 81.9 81.9
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 1441 74.1 94.8 94.8 94.8
AFDC or other non-SSI 224 68.1 93.0 93.0 93.0
SSI 1277 75.7 95.3 95.3 95.3
Food stamps 1398 73.1 88.7 88.7 88.7
Housing assistance 1573 48.5 83.3 82.7 82.5
Energy assistance 796 57.0 89.8 89.4 89.4
Food stamps and cash assistance 698 84.2 98.5 98.5 98.5
107/27/99 487
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 17914 4.7 10.9 10.8 10.3
Medicare 10171 20.2 68.3 68.0 68.0
Also Medicaid 1525 51.9 87.7 87.6 87.6
Medicaid 2676 57.4 83.2 83.0 82.8
Not covered by:
Health insurance 6387 35.5 37.3 36.9 36.9
107/27/99 488
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 33.8 34.1 34.0 34.3 19.3
Age
15 to 24 years 38.9 39.3 39.3 40.0 37.6
25 to 44 years 14.5 14.7 14.7 14.8 13.6
45 to 54 years 19.4 19.9 19.7 20.0 17.0
55 to 64 years 32.9 33.7 33.5 33.8 22.6
65 years and over 66.0 66.0 66.0 66.3 18.4
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 31.5 31.8 31.8 32.0 18.2
Inside central cities 32.4 32.7 32.6 33.0 20.6
Outside central cities 30.9 31.1 31.1 31.3 16.3
Outside metropolitan areas 43.6 43.9 43.9 44.2 24.6
Region
Northeast 36.4 36.7 36.6 36.9 19.8
Midwest 32.6 32.8 32.8 33.2 17.0
South 35.3 35.7 35.6 35.8 20.3
West 30.9 31.1 31.1 31.3 20.0
107/27/99 489
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 33.5 33.8 33.7 34.0 19.0
18 to 24 years old 36.7 37.1 37.1 37.9 35.4
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 62.2 63.1 63.1 63.7 63.5
25 years old and over 33.0 33.3 33.2 33.4 16.7
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 67.6 67.8 67.6 68.2 34.6
High school graduate, no college 38.2 38.4 38.4 38.6 18.4
College: Less than bachelor's degree 24.1 24.4 24.3 24.5 11.8
Bachelor's degree or more 12.1 12.4 12.3 12.4 7.1
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 20.6 21.0 20.9 21.2 18.0
Worked at full-time jobs 7.2 7.5 7.5 7.7 7.0
50 to 52 weeks 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.6
Worked at part-time jobs 39.6 40.5 40.0 40.9 33.9
Did not work 81.9 82.2 82.2 82.4 68.1
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 94.9 95.0 95.0 95.2 87.9
AFDC or other non-SSI 93.6 93.6 93.6 94.7 87.1
SSI 95.3 95.5 95.5 95.5 88.3
Food stamps 89.2 89.8 89.7 90.0 79.3
Housing assistance 83.2 83.4 83.4 83.9 53.9
Energy assistance 89.7 90.2 90.1 90.6 63.0
Food stamps and cash assistance 98.5 98.5 98.5 98.8 94.8
107/27/99 490
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 10.6 10.8 10.7 10.9 4.7
Medicare 68.3 68.3 68.3 68.6 21.5
Also Medicaid 87.9 88.1 88.1 88.3 58.5
Medicaid 83.9 84.1 84.1 84.2 65.1
Not covered by:
Health insurance 39.3 39.9 39.9 40.6 38.4
107/27/99 491
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 18.5 18.5 17.8 17.3 16.3
Age
15 to 24 years 37.6 37.6 37.5 36.8 36.3
25 to 44 years 13.3 13.3 12.7 12.4 12.0
45 to 54 years 16.5 16.5 15.4 14.6 13.5
55 to 64 years 22.1 22.1 21.0 20.5 18.0
65 years and over 16.1 16.1 15.1 15.0 13.4
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 17.3 17.3 16.6 16.1 15.3
Inside central cities 19.8 19.8 18.9 18.3 17.2
Outside central cities 15.4 15.4 14.8 14.5 13.9
Outside metropolitan areas 23.7 23.7 23.0 22.6 20.6
Region
Northeast 18.4 18.4 17.2 16.6 15.0
Midwest 16.4 16.4 15.8 15.6 14.4
South 19.6 19.6 19.1 18.8 17.8
West 19.3 19.3 18.4 17.7 17.2
107/27/99 492
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 18.1 18.1 17.4 17.0 16.0
18 to 24 years old 35.4 35.4 35.3 34.8 34.3
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 63.5 63.5 63.3 61.8 60.3
25 years old and over 15.7 15.7 14.9 14.5 13.4
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 32.4 32.4 30.6 29.7 26.3
High school graduate, no college 17.3 17.3 16.3 15.9 15.0
College: Less than bachelor's degree 11.1 11.1 10.4 10.1 9.5
Bachelor's degree or more 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.6 6.4
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 17.7 17.7 17.0 16.5 15.7
Worked at full-time jobs 7.0 7.0 6.8 6.7 6.6
50 to 52 weeks 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4
Worked at part-time jobs 33.2 33.2 32.3 31.7 30.6
Did not work 66.6 66.6 63.1 60.4 55.8
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 82.7 82.7 66.2 58.3 44.0
AFDC or other non-SSI 85.3 85.3 69.0 62.1 50.6
SSI 82.7 82.7 66.3 58.1 42.8
Food stamps 73.6 73.6 66.7 62.4 48.0
Housing assistance 44.0 44.0 37.8 34.2 14.4
Energy assistance 58.5 58.5 54.1 51.6 40.9
Food stamps and cash assistance 90.1 90.1 76.2 68.8 47.4
107/27/99 493
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.4
Medicare 18.5 18.5 17.0 16.8 14.7
Also Medicaid 49.8 49.8 40.5 39.0 30.4
Medicaid 60.2 60.2 51.5 45.8 37.8
Not covered by:
Health insurance 38.4 38.4 38.3 38.3 37.6
107/27/99 494
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 14.5 17.0 19.0 19.0
Age
15 to 24 years 36.1 37.0 38.2 38.2
25 to 44 years 11.8 12.5 13.4 13.3
45 to 54 years 12.4 14.5 16.5 16.5
55 to 64 years 14.8 18.7 22.7 22.5
65 years and over 8.8 14.1 17.5 17.5
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 13.9 16.0 17.8 17.8
Inside central cities 16.3 17.9 20.3 20.2
Outside central cities 12.0 14.6 15.9 15.9
Outside metropolitan areas 17.3 21.4 24.4 24.3
Region
Northeast 13.5 15.8 19.3 19.3
Midwest 12.7 15.0 16.8 16.8
South 15.2 18.4 20.2 20.1
West 16.1 18.1 19.5 19.3
107/27/99 495
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 14.2 16.6 18.7 18.6
18 to 24 years old 34.1 34.8 36.0 36.0
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 60.3 62.1 64.6 64.6
25 years old and over 11.3 14.1 16.2 16.1
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 21.4 28.0 33.6 33.6
High school graduate, no college 12.5 15.6 17.9 17.8
College: Less than bachelor's degree 8.2 10.1 11.3 11.3
Bachelor's degree or more 6.0 6.6 7.1 7.0
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 14.8 16.3 17.9 17.8
Worked at full-time jobs 6.3 6.7 7.3 7.2
50 to 52 weeks 3.3 3.5 3.9 3.8
Worked at part-time jobs 29.2 31.3 34.4 34.0
Did not work 52.2 59.7 65.5 65.5
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 36.1 53.0 75.0 74.6
AFDC or other non-SSI 45.3 54.5 72.0 70.6
SSI 34.2 52.4 76.0 75.8
Food stamps 42.0 50.7 74.7 74.3
Housing assistance 14.4 15.9 49.4 49.4
Energy assistance 30.9 44.8 58.8 58.4
Food stamps and cash assistance 39.8 52.1 85.1 84.8
107/27/99 496
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 3.7 4.4 5.2 5.1
Medicare 10.0 16.1 20.2 20.2
Also Medicaid 21.2 34.7 52.3 52.3
Medicaid 31.4 44.2 58.5 58.3
Not covered by:
Health insurance 36.4 37.6 38.3 38.3
107/27/99 497
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 6386 11851 11778 11679 12011 12114 12093 12196 6880
Age
15 to 24 years 1599 1692 1683 1655 1781 1800 1800 1833 1720
25 to 44 years 1608 1835 1809 1773 1881 1913 1909 1929 1765
45 to 54 years 778 961 953 936 972 994 985 1002 852
55 to 64 years 760 1162 1157 1149 1183 1211 1204 1213 812
65 years and over 1640 6200 6175 6166 6194 6196 6196 6219 1731
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 4873 9031 8973 8894 9139 9218 9202 9284 5260
Inside central cities 2422 4035 4018 3970 4089 4129 4118 4161 2602
Outside central cities 2451 4995 4955 4924 5050 5089 5084 5123 2658
Outside metropolitan areas 1513 2820 2805 2785 2872 2896 2891 2912 1620
Region
Northeast 1305 2564 2549 2527 2583 2606 2599 2620 1409
Midwest 1305 2698 2684 2644 2723 2743 2740 2779 1418
South 2173 3921 3885 3870 3964 4003 3993 4018 2278
West 1602 2667 2659 2638 2741 2762 2761 2780 1774
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 6228 11690 11618 11520 11849 11952 11931 12034 6721
18 to 24 years old 1441 1532 1524 1496 1619 1638 1638 1671 1560
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 360 366 366 355 390 395 395 399 398
25 years old and over 4787 10158 10094 10024 10230 10314 10293 10363 5161
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1796 3701 3687 3671 3725 3738 3730 3762 1910
High school graduate, no college 1656 3680 3646 3607 3676 3702 3698 3715 1774
College: Less than bachelor's degree 800 1799 1787 1783 1835 1858 1850 1866 898
Bachelor's degree or more 534 978 974 962 993 1017 1014 1021 579
107/27/99 498
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 4196 5083 5037 4953 5217 5314 5292 5367 4558
Worked at full-time jobs 1177 1322 1287 1212 1395 1461 1450 1497 1355
50 to 52 weeks 487 504 488 458 554 590 585 611 590
Worked at part-time jobs 760 928 921 911 992 1014 1003 1024 850
Did not work 2258 2833 2829 2829 2829 2839 2839 2847 2353
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 1068 1366 1366 1366 1367 1369 1369 1372 1267
AFDC or other non-SSI 153 209 209 209 210 210 210 213 195
SSI 967 1218 1218 1218 1218 1220 1220 1220 1127
Food stamps 1022 1240 1239 1239 1247 1255 1254 1258 1108
Housing assistance 763 1309 1300 1298 1308 1312 1312 1320 848
Energy assistance 454 715 712 712 714 719 718 722 502
Food stamps and cash assistance 588 688 688 688 688 688 688 690 662
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 835 1959 1936 1837 1905 1937 1924 1957 835
Medicare 2053 6945 6920 6913 6942 6951 6951 6979 2185
Also Medicaid 792 1338 1336 1336 1341 1344 1344 1347 891
Medicaid 1536 2227 2220 2216 2245 2250 2249 2254 1742
Not covered by:
Health insurance 2269 2384 2360 2360 2511 2551 2548 2591 2454
107/27/99 499
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 6580 6580 6319 6167 5803 5160 6049 6773 6749
Age
15 to 24 years 1720 1720 1717 1687 1661 1655 1692 1749 1749
25 to 44 years 1729 1729 1654 1610 1561 1531 1630 1742 1729
45 to 54 years 826 826 773 731 676 619 728 828 825
55 to 64 years 794 794 756 736 648 531 673 814 806
65 years and over 1512 1512 1420 1404 1256 824 1326 1639 1639
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 5020 5020 4801 4679 4446 4018 4636 5166 5145
Inside central cities 2501 2501 2380 2305 2170 2060 2257 2563 2551
Outside central cities 2519 2519 2421 2374 2277 1958 2379 2603 2594
Outside metropolitan areas 1559 1559 1518 1489 1357 1142 1412 1607 1604
Region
Northeast 1306 1306 1223 1181 1068 960 1126 1374 1369
Midwest 1367 1367 1321 1308 1203 1062 1253 1404 1404
South 2197 2197 2145 2107 2001 1707 2061 2267 2259
West 1710 1710 1630 1572 1531 1432 1609 1729 1717
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 6420 6420 6160 6017 5653 5010 5891 6612 6589
18 to 24 years old 1560 1560 1558 1536 1511 1504 1534 1588 1588
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 398 398 397 387 377 377 389 405 405
25 years old and over 4860 4860 4602 4481 4142 3506 4357 5024 5000
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1785 1785 1686 1639 1448 1178 1543 1853 1851
High school graduate, no college 1664 1664 1573 1531 1443 1207 1505 1722 1716
College: Less than bachelor's degree 844 844 792 770 727 626 769 863 858
Bachelor's degree or more 568 568 552 540 525 495 540 586 576
107/27/99 500
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 4476 4476 4309 4182 3969 3758 4137 4540 4516
Worked at full-time jobs 1346 1346 1320 1304 1276 1225 1294 1414 1402
50 to 52 weeks 585 585 575 569 556 537 567 630 623
Worked at part-time jobs 831 831 810 794 766 731 783 862 851
Did not work 2300 2300 2179 2085 1927 1803 2060 2263 2263
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 1192 1192 953 840 635 520 763 1081 1075
AFDC or other non-SSI 191 191 155 139 114 102 122 162 158
SSI 1056 1056 847 742 547 437 669 971 968
Food stamps 1029 1029 932 873 671 588 709 1044 1039
Housing assistance 692 692 595 537 226 226 250 776 776
Energy assistance 466 466 431 411 325 246 357 468 465
Food stamps and cash assistance 629 629 532 480 331 278 364 594 592
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 812 812 801 799 780 658 791 925 920
Medicare 1885 1885 1727 1704 1496 1021 1636 2055 2055
Also Medicaid 760 760 618 595 464 324 529 798 798
Medicaid 1611 1611 1379 1227 1011 840 1182 1565 1559
Not covered by:
Health insurance 2454 2454 2445 2445 2402 2327 2402 2449 2445