09/17/99 213
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 5390 29.3 42.6 42.7 42.4
Age
15 to 24 years 553 46.3 49.6 49.6 49.6
25 to 44 years 2172 21.1 24.6 24.5 23.8
45 to 54 years 959 24.5 31.4 31.4 31.4
55 to 64 years 694 38.5 55.2 55.2 55.2
65 years and over 1012 35.9 79.6 80.0 79.8
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 4763 28.2 41.2 41.2 41.0
Inside central cities 3196 30.8 45.3 45.4 45.2
Outside central cities 1566 22.7 32.9 32.8 32.3
Outside metropolitan areas 628 38.2 53.4 53.8 53.1
Region
Northeast 1013 32.1 46.1 46.1 45.7
Midwest 1060 28.3 41.0 41.0 40.8
South 2756 30.7 43.0 43.1 42.7
West 561 19.9 37.8 37.5 37.5
109/17/99 214
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 5371 29.1 42.4 42.5 42.2
18 to 24 years old 534 44.4 47.8 47.8 47.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 70 77.6 77.6 77.6 77.6
25 years old and over 4837 27.4 41.8 41.9 41.5
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1316 45.5 68.3 68.3 68.3
High school graduate, no college 1610 30.3 45.2 45.2 44.9
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1090 16.2 27.2 27.2 26.4
Bachelor's degree or more 821 7.5 12.2 12.4 12.2
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 4298 26.9 33.3 33.3 33.0
Worked at full-time jobs 2789 7.2 8.1 8.0 7.7
50 to 52 weeks 2341 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1
Worked at part-time jobs 457 42.2 50.9 50.9 49.6
Did not work 1051 72.6 92.7 92.7 92.7
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 605 74.6 94.8 94.8 93.6
AFDC or other non-SSI 88 76.1 84.8 84.8 82.3
SSI 524 73.6 96.5 96.5 95.6
Food stamps 522 72.7 88.3 88.3 88.0
Housing assistance 739 57.2 76.8 76.8 76.8
Energy assistance 239 55.1 84.8 84.8 84.8
Food stamps and cash assistance 279 82.0 96.0 96.0 96.0
109/17/99 215
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 2336 7.0 11.1 11.2 10.5
Medicare 1335 42.1 82.8 83.1 82.9
Also Medicaid 442 65.8 93.2 93.2 93.2
Medicaid 831 67.3 89.9 89.9 89.3
Not covered by:
Health insurance 1303 43.7 47.7 47.6 47.6
109/17/99 216
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 43.3 43.3 43.3 43.4 31.5
Age
15 to 24 years 50.4 50.4 50.4 50.4 46.8
25 to 44 years 24.9 24.9 24.8 24.9 22.8
45 to 54 years 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.1 27.2
55 to 64 years 56.4 56.6 56.6 56.6 41.4
65 years and over 80.6 80.6 80.6 80.6 39.0
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 41.9 41.9 41.9 41.9 29.8
Inside central cities 46.3 46.4 46.4 46.4 32.9
Outside central cities 32.9 32.9 32.8 32.8 23.4
Outside metropolitan areas 53.6 53.6 53.6 54.2 44.3
Region
Northeast 47.7 47.7 47.5 47.5 33.9
Midwest 41.5 41.5 41.5 41.6 28.6
South 43.3 43.3 43.3 43.5 33.2
West 38.7 38.7 38.7 38.7 23.9
109/17/99 217
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 43.1 43.1 43.1 43.2 31.2
18 to 24 years old 48.6 48.6 48.6 48.6 44.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.9
25 years old and over 42.5 42.5 42.4 42.6 29.7
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 69.4 69.5 69.5 69.5 49.0
High school graduate, no college 45.8 45.8 45.7 45.9 33.1
College: Less than bachelor's degree 27.2 27.2 27.2 27.4 17.8
Bachelor's degree or more 12.9 12.9 12.9 12.9 8.1
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 33.8 33.9 33.8 34.0 28.8
Worked at full-time jobs 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.8 7.9
50 to 52 weeks 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.5
Worked at part-time jobs 51.6 51.9 51.9 52.3 43.6
Did not work 92.7 92.7 92.7 92.7 77.9
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 93.6 93.6 93.6 93.6 89.7
AFDC or other non-SSI 82.3 82.3 82.3 82.3 77.6
SSI 95.6 95.6 95.6 95.6 91.1
Food stamps 89.3 89.3 89.3 89.3 78.5
Housing assistance 78.9 78.9 78.9 79.4 64.2
Energy assistance 84.8 84.8 84.8 84.8 69.9
Food stamps and cash assistance 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 91.6
109/17/99 218
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.9 7.2
Medicare 83.5 83.5 83.5 83.5 45.7
Also Medicaid 93.2 93.2 93.2 93.2 76.5
Medicaid 89.3 89.3 89.3 89.3 78.1
Not covered by:
Health insurance 50.0 50.1 50.1 50.4 45.0
109/17/99 219
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 30.1 30.1 28.0 26.7 22.9
Age
15 to 24 years 46.8 46.8 46.8 45.7 43.0
25 to 44 years 22.5 22.5 20.6 19.4 16.8
45 to 54 years 26.0 26.0 23.6 22.4 18.5
55 to 64 years 39.6 39.6 37.4 34.5 27.8
65 years and over 34.9 34.9 31.3 30.8 25.9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 28.4 28.4 26.7 25.5 22.2
Inside central cities 31.1 31.1 29.4 28.0 23.9
Outside central cities 22.9 22.9 21.3 20.2 18.8
Outside metropolitan areas 43.5 43.5 37.7 36.3 28.1
Region
Northeast 31.4 31.4 29.2 26.3 21.7
Midwest 28.5 28.5 27.7 26.9 22.7
South 32.1 32.1 29.7 28.7 25.1
West 21.5 21.5 18.0 17.2 14.7
109/17/99 220
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 29.9 29.9 27.7 26.5 22.6
18 to 24 years old 44.8 44.8 44.8 43.7 41.0
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 80.9 80.9 80.9 76.3 70.0
25 years old and over 28.2 28.2 25.8 24.6 20.6
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 46.1 46.1 42.7 41.1 32.2
High school graduate, no college 31.5 31.5 28.6 26.7 24.1
College: Less than bachelor's degree 17.0 17.0 15.4 15.2 12.6
Bachelor's degree or more 8.1 8.1 7.2 6.2 5.8
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 28.1 28.1 26.3 24.8 21.2
Worked at full-time jobs 7.8 7.8 7.5 7.5 6.5
50 to 52 weeks 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 2.9
Worked at part-time jobs 43.6 43.6 42.6 40.6 38.1
Did not work 75.4 75.4 69.1 63.9 52.7
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 83.5 83.5 66.0 55.8 35.2
AFDC or other non-SSI 77.6 77.6 73.6 68.7 55.8
SSI 83.9 83.9 64.1 53.0 31.3
Food stamps 75.1 75.1 67.9 61.7 39.3
Housing assistance 58.4 58.4 50.8 44.4 21.7
Energy assistance 64.5 64.5 51.3 48.7 38.3
Food stamps and cash assistance 87.8 87.8 74.7 63.7 33.8
109/17/99 221
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.5 5.8
Medicare 40.3 40.3 35.6 34.5 26.8
Also Medicaid 63.9 63.9 50.6 47.2 30.5
Medicaid 71.4 71.4 58.9 50.6 35.5
Not covered by:
Health insurance 45.0 45.0 44.9 44.9 42.2
109/17/99 222
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 20.3 23.9 30.3 29.8
Age
15 to 24 years 43.0 43.5 46.8 46.8
25 to 44 years 16.6 17.6 22.5 21.8
45 to 54 years 16.5 19.9 25.8 24.8
55 to 64 years 23.8 29.0 39.6 39.6
65 years and over 16.8 27.1 35.8 35.8
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 20.3 23.3 29.0 28.6
Inside central cities 22.3 25.0 32.1 31.4
Outside central cities 16.2 20.1 22.7 22.7
Outside metropolitan areas 20.3 28.1 39.9 39.3
Region
Northeast 20.7 22.4 32.7 32.7
Midwest 21.8 23.3 28.6 28.3
South 20.8 26.3 32.1 31.3
West 14.2 15.7 20.0 20.0
109/17/99 223
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 20.0 23.6 30.0 29.6
18 to 24 years old 41.0 41.5 44.8 44.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 70.0 70.0 80.9 80.9
25 years old and over 17.7 21.6 28.4 27.9
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 26.0 34.0 46.6 46.1
High school graduate, no college 21.7 25.2 31.6 31.1
College: Less than bachelor's degree 11.2 12.9 17.4 16.6
Bachelor's degree or more 5.1 6.3 7.5 7.5
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 20.0 22.1 28.1 27.5
Worked at full-time jobs 6.4 6.5 8.6 8.1
50 to 52 weeks 3.0 2.9 4.0 3.8
Worked at part-time jobs 37.1 39.6 44.5 42.6
Did not work 48.8 55.9 72.6 72.6
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 29.7 41.0 74.6 74.6
AFDC or other non-SSI 55.8 58.2 76.1 76.1
SSI 24.9 37.6 73.6 73.6
Food stamps 36.8 40.1 73.6 73.6
Housing assistance 21.7 22.5 59.4 58.3
Energy assistance 27.1 39.2 55.1 55.1
Food stamps and cash assistance 30.8 35.1 82.0 82.0
109/17/99 224
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 4.8 6.1 7.8 7.5
Medicare 18.4 29.5 42.0 42.0
Also Medicaid 21.6 36.9 65.8 65.8
Medicaid 30.0 41.0 67.3 67.3
Not covered by:
Health insurance 41.5 42.2 46.2 44.9
109/17/99 225
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 1581 2298 2301 2284 2333 2334 2332 2338 1697
Age
15 to 24 years 256 275 275 275 279 279 279 279 259
25 to 44 years 459 533 532 517 540 540 538 542 495
45 to 54 years 235 301 301 301 307 307 307 308 261
55 to 64 years 267 383 383 383 391 393 393 393 287
65 years and over 364 806 810 808 816 816 816 816 395
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 1341 1963 1963 1951 1996 1998 1996 1998 1418
Inside central cities 986 1448 1450 1446 1481 1482 1482 1484 1052
Outside central cities 355 515 513 505 516 516 514 514 367
Outside metropolitan areas 240 335 338 333 336 336 336 340 278
Region
Northeast 325 467 467 463 483 483 481 481 343
Midwest 300 435 435 433 440 440 440 441 304
South 845 1185 1189 1178 1193 1194 1194 1198 916
West 112 212 210 210 217 217 217 217 134
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 1562 2279 2281 2265 2313 2315 2313 2318 1677
18 to 24 years old 237 255 255 255 259 259 259 259 239
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 54 54 54 54 57 57 57 57 57
25 years old and over 1325 2024 2026 2010 2054 2055 2053 2059 1438
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 599 899 899 899 914 915 915 915 646
High school graduate, no college 488 728 729 723 737 737 736 739 532
College: Less than bachelor's degree 177 297 297 288 296 296 296 298 193
Bachelor's degree or more 61 100 102 100 106 106 106 106 67
109/17/99 226
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 1158 1433 1431 1416 1454 1456 1454 1459 1240
Worked at full-time jobs 202 226 224 215 244 244 242 246 222
50 to 52 weeks 73 73 73 71 80 80 78 82 82
Worked at part-time jobs 193 233 233 227 236 238 238 239 199
Did not work 763 974 974 974 974 974 974 974 819
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 451 574 574 567 567 567 567 567 543
AFDC or other non-SSI 67 74 74 72 72 72 72 72 68
SSI 386 506 506 501 501 501 501 501 478
Food stamps 379 461 461 459 466 466 466 466 410
Housing assistance 423 568 568 568 583 583 583 587 474
Energy assistance 131 202 202 202 202 202 202 202 167
Food stamps and cash assistance 229 268 268 268 268 268 268 268 256
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 164 260 261 245 256 256 254 255 169
Medicare 563 1106 1110 1106 1114 1114 1114 1114 610
Also Medicaid 291 412 412 412 412 412 412 412 338
Medicaid 559 747 747 742 742 742 742 742 649
Not covered by:
Health insurance 569 622 620 620 651 653 653 656 586
109/17/99 227
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 1625 1625 1509 1440 1235 1094 1288 1631 1607
Age
15 to 24 years 259 259 259 253 238 238 241 259 259
25 to 44 years 489 489 447 421 364 361 381 488 473
45 to 54 years 249 249 227 215 178 159 190 247 238
55 to 64 years 275 275 260 240 193 165 201 275 275
65 years and over 353 353 316 312 262 171 274 362 362
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 1352 1352 1272 1212 1059 966 1112 1380 1360
Inside central cities 994 994 939 896 764 712 798 1025 1005
Outside central cities 358 358 333 316 295 254 314 355 355
Outside metropolitan areas 273 273 237 228 176 128 176 251 247
Region
Northeast 318 318 296 266 219 210 227 331 331
Midwest 302 302 293 286 240 231 247 303 300
South 885 885 819 792 693 573 726 884 863
West 120 120 101 97 82 79 88 112 112
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 1606 1606 1489 1421 1215 1074 1269 1611 1588
18 to 24 years old 239 239 239 233 219 219 221 239 239
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 57 57 57 54 49 49 49 57 57
25 years old and over 1366 1366 1250 1188 997 856 1047 1372 1348
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 607 607 562 541 424 342 448 613 606
High school graduate, no college 508 508 461 430 388 350 407 509 500
College: Less than bachelor's degree 185 185 168 165 137 122 141 189 180
Bachelor's degree or more 67 67 59 51 47 42 52 61 61
109/17/99 228
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 1210 1210 1130 1066 911 861 952 1206 1183
Worked at full-time jobs 218 218 209 209 182 178 182 239 225
50 to 52 weeks 82 82 82 82 67 70 67 93 90
Worked at part-time jobs 199 199 195 186 174 170 181 204 195
Did not work 792 792 726 671 554 513 588 763 763
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 505 505 399 338 213 180 248 451 451
AFDC or other non-SSI 68 68 65 60 49 49 51 67 67
SSI 440 440 336 278 164 130 197 386 386
Food stamps 392 392 354 322 205 192 210 384 384
Housing assistance 432 432 376 328 160 160 166 439 431
Energy assistance 154 154 122 116 91 65 93 131 131
Food stamps and cash assistance 245 245 209 178 95 86 98 229 229
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 160 160 155 153 136 111 143 183 176
Medicare 538 538 475 461 358 245 394 561 561
Also Medicaid 283 283 224 209 135 96 163 291 291
Medicaid 593 593 489 421 295 249 341 559 559
Not covered by:
Health insurance 586 586 585 585 550 540 550 601 585