09/17/99 181
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 42539 17.9 33.2 33.0 32.8
Age
15 to 24 years 5447 34.2 36.1 35.9 35.3
25 to 44 years 16014 12.9 15.0 14.8 14.5
45 to 54 years 6144 16.0 20.7 20.6 20.3
55 to 64 years 4370 22.5 35.4 35.3 35.0
65 years and over 10564 16.0 65.8 65.5 65.5
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 35191 16.9 31.3 31.1 30.9
Inside central cities 16691 20.2 33.3 33.3 33.0
Outside central cities 18500 14.0 29.4 29.2 29.0
Outside metropolitan areas 7348 22.3 42.5 42.2 42.0
Region
Northeast 8380 18.3 35.9 35.7 35.4
Midwest 9599 15.6 32.1 32.0 31.6
South 14258 20.0 35.4 35.2 35.0
West 10302 16.7 29.0 28.9 28.7
109/17/99 182
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 42342 17.5 32.9 32.8 32.5
18 to 24 years old 5250 32.0 33.8 33.6 33.1
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 711 55.7 55.9 55.9 54.9
25 years old and over 37092 15.5 32.8 32.6 32.4
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 7012 31.8 66.0 65.8 65.7
High school graduate, no college 11498 17.1 38.0 37.7 37.4
College: Less than bachelor's degree 8965 10.5 23.1 23.0 22.8
Bachelor's degree or more 9617 6.2 11.4 11.3 11.2
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 30970 17.1 21.1 21.0 20.7
Worked at full-time jobs 23094 5.6 6.3 6.2 5.9
50 to 52 weeks 19300 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.5
Worked at part-time jobs 3130 29.3 36.1 35.9 35.0
Did not work 4747 64.8 83.4 83.3 83.3
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 2131 68.4 93.9 93.9 93.5
AFDC or other non-SSI 326 67.7 87.6 87.6 86.9
SSI 1874 68.8 95.2 95.2 94.9
Food stamps 1981 68.9 88.0 87.9 87.8
Housing assistance 2370 46.2 80.1 79.9 79.7
Energy assistance 1065 51.0 87.8 87.5 87.5
Food stamps and cash assistance 1014 78.9 96.6 96.6 96.6
109/17/99 183
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 21008 4.4 10.2 10.1 9.5
Medicare 11690 19.3 68.5 68.3 68.2
Also Medicaid 2023 48.2 88.3 88.3 88.3
Medicaid 3630 54.8 83.8 83.7 83.5
Not covered by:
Health insurance 8132 34.8 36.9 36.6 36.6
109/17/99 184
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 33.5 33.6 33.6 33.8 19.3
Age
15 to 24 years 37.5 38.0 38.0 38.5 36.0
25 to 44 years 15.2 15.3 15.2 15.3 13.9
45 to 54 years 20.8 21.0 21.0 21.2 17.7
55 to 64 years 35.6 35.9 35.9 36.1 24.3
65 years and over 65.7 65.7 65.7 66.0 17.7
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 31.6 31.7 31.7 31.9 18.3
Inside central cities 33.7 33.9 33.9 34.0 21.7
Outside central cities 29.6 29.7 29.6 29.9 15.3
Outside metropolitan areas 42.7 43.0 43.0 43.4 23.9
Region
Northeast 36.0 36.1 36.1 36.4 19.7
Midwest 32.1 32.4 32.4 32.6 16.5
South 35.7 35.9 35.9 36.1 21.3
West 29.6 29.7 29.7 29.8 18.9
109/17/99 185
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 33.2 33.4 33.3 33.6 18.9
18 to 24 years old 35.3 35.8 35.8 36.3 33.9
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 59.1 61.1 61.1 62.0 61.3
25 years old and over 32.9 33.0 33.0 33.2 16.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 66.4 66.5 66.5 66.7 34.5
High school graduate, no college 37.9 38.1 38.0 38.2 18.7
College: Less than bachelor's degree 23.2 23.2 23.2 23.5 11.6
Bachelor's degree or more 11.6 11.7 11.7 11.7 6.6
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 21.5 21.7 21.6 21.8 18.3
Worked at full-time jobs 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.1
50 to 52 weeks 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
Worked at part-time jobs 37.8 38.2 38.1 38.6 31.9
Did not work 83.3 83.4 83.4 83.5 68.8
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 93.8 93.8 93.8 93.9 86.5
AFDC or other non-SSI 88.6 88.6 88.6 88.6 80.9
SSI 94.9 94.9 94.9 95.1 87.4
Food stamps 88.4 88.4 88.4 88.5 75.7
Housing assistance 80.8 80.8 80.8 81.0 53.1
Energy assistance 87.5 87.5 87.5 87.5 58.8
Food stamps and cash assistance 96.7 96.7 96.7 97.0 91.8
109/17/99 186
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 9.8 9.9 9.9 10.0 4.4
Medicare 68.4 68.5 68.5 68.8 21.4
Also Medicaid 88.6 88.6 88.6 88.7 58.9
Medicaid 83.8 83.9 83.9 84.2 65.4
Not covered by:
Health insurance 38.8 39.3 39.2 39.6 37.0
109/17/99 187
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 18.6 18.6 17.4 16.9 15.6
Age
15 to 24 years 36.0 36.0 36.0 35.3 34.6
25 to 44 years 13.7 13.7 12.9 12.5 11.8
45 to 54 years 17.1 17.1 15.5 14.8 13.3
55 to 64 years 23.7 23.7 22.2 21.1 17.8
65 years and over 15.7 15.7 13.9 13.7 12.0
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 17.6 17.6 16.5 16.0 14.9
Inside central cities 20.8 20.8 19.5 18.8 17.1
Outside central cities 14.7 14.7 13.9 13.5 12.9
Outside metropolitan areas 23.3 23.3 21.7 21.3 19.0
Region
Northeast 18.5 18.5 17.1 16.1 14.3
Midwest 15.9 15.9 15.2 15.0 13.4
South 20.6 20.6 19.6 19.2 17.8
West 18.2 18.2 16.7 16.2 15.7
109/17/99 188
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 18.2 18.2 17.1 16.6 15.3
18 to 24 years old 33.9 33.9 33.8 33.2 32.5
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 61.3 61.3 60.7 59.2 57.4
25 years old and over 16.0 16.0 14.7 14.2 12.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 32.6 32.6 29.9 28.8 24.3
High school graduate, no college 17.7 17.7 16.3 15.7 14.5
College: Less than bachelor's degree 11.0 11.0 10.0 9.8 9.1
Bachelor's degree or more 6.6 6.6 6.2 6.0 5.8
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 18.0 18.0 17.1 16.5 15.2
Worked at full-time jobs 6.1 6.1 5.9 5.9 5.7
50 to 52 weeks 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.7
Worked at part-time jobs 31.4 31.4 30.3 29.4 28.2
Did not work 67.3 67.3 62.6 59.4 53.1
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 80.9 80.9 59.5 51.4 36.1
AFDC or other non-SSI 79.8 79.8 65.3 60.4 46.9
SSI 81.3 81.3 58.8 50.2 34.1
Food stamps 71.8 71.8 62.3 57.5 40.4
Housing assistance 45.8 45.8 37.7 33.1 14.3
Energy assistance 54.7 54.7 46.9 44.6 34.5
Food stamps and cash assistance 87.3 87.3 68.7 60.7 37.2
109/17/99 189
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.0
Medicare 18.8 18.8 16.4 16.0 13.4
Also Medicaid 50.3 50.3 36.9 34.9 25.2
Medicaid 60.6 60.6 48.4 42.4 32.8
Not covered by:
Health insurance 37.0 37.0 36.9 36.9 36.1
109/17/99 190
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 14.0 16.1 18.6 18.5
Age
15 to 24 years 34.5 35.3 36.5 36.5
25 to 44 years 11.6 12.2 13.7 13.5
45 to 54 years 11.9 14.2 16.8 16.5
55 to 64 years 15.0 18.2 23.3 23.1
65 years and over 7.9 12.5 16.0 16.0
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 13.6 15.4 17.7 17.5
Inside central cities 16.2 17.7 20.9 20.8
Outside central cities 11.2 13.4 14.7 14.6
Outside metropolitan areas 15.9 19.6 23.2 23.1
Region
Northeast 13.3 14.9 19.0 18.9
Midwest 12.0 13.8 16.4 16.2
South 15.2 18.3 20.7 20.5
West 14.7 16.4 17.5 17.4
109/17/99 191
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 13.6 15.8 18.3 18.1
18 to 24 years old 32.4 33.2 34.4 34.4
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 57.4 59.4 62.2 62.2
25 years old and over 11.0 13.3 16.0 15.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 19.9 25.5 32.5 32.4
High school graduate, no college 12.7 15.1 17.8 17.6
College: Less than bachelor's degree 7.9 9.5 11.0 10.8
Bachelor's degree or more 5.4 6.0 6.5 6.4
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 14.5 15.8 18.0 17.8
Worked at full-time jobs 5.6 5.7 6.5 6.3
50 to 52 weeks 2.8 2.8 3.2 3.1
Worked at part-time jobs 26.8 29.0 31.8 31.2
Did not work 49.7 55.9 64.7 64.7
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 29.7 42.5 68.5 68.3
AFDC or other non-SSI 42.9 51.7 67.7 67.7
SSI 27.0 40.5 68.9 68.7
Food stamps 35.6 41.7 69.0 69.0
Housing assistance 14.3 14.9 47.1 46.7
Energy assistance 25.3 35.7 50.9 50.9
Food stamps and cash assistance 30.7 39.3 78.7 78.7
109/17/99 192
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 3.5 4.0 4.8 4.7
Medicare 9.1 14.4 19.3 19.3
Also Medicaid 17.5 28.8 48.6 48.6
Medicaid 27.2 37.6 55.2 55.0
Not covered by:
Health insurance 35.1 36.1 37.3 36.9
109/17/99 193
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 7596 14129 14059 13952 14245 14313 14304 14398 8206
Age
15 to 24 years 1864 1964 1953 1924 2043 2067 2067 2096 1963
25 to 44 years 2070 2395 2372 2328 2429 2449 2441 2454 2232
45 to 54 years 983 1273 1265 1249 1280 1291 1291 1302 1085
55 to 64 years 985 1546 1545 1531 1555 1567 1567 1576 1060
65 years and over 1694 6951 6924 6919 6938 6938 6938 6970 1866
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 5960 11006 10955 10869 11105 11153 11144 11211 6448
Inside central cities 3365 5566 5554 5505 5624 5661 5661 5678 3620
Outside central cities 2595 5440 5401 5364 5481 5491 5483 5533 2828
Outside metropolitan areas 1635 3123 3104 3083 3140 3160 3160 3188 1758
Region
Northeast 1535 3006 2990 2968 3020 3027 3026 3049 1650
Midwest 1500 3080 3070 3037 3086 3107 3107 3134 1580
South 2846 5053 5021 4991 5092 5118 5115 5142 3030
West 1716 2990 2979 2955 3046 3061 3057 3074 1946
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 7410 13940 13872 13764 14057 14125 14117 14208 8021
18 to 24 years old 1678 1776 1766 1737 1855 1880 1880 1906 1778
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 396 398 398 390 420 434 434 441 436
25 years old and over 5732 12164 12106 12027 12202 12245 12237 12302 6242
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 2228 4629 4616 4603 4654 4662 4662 4680 2418
High school graduate, no college 1967 4368 4335 4300 4360 4375 4370 4388 2148
College: Less than bachelor's degree 944 2071 2064 2045 2078 2084 2080 2105 1041
Bachelor's degree or more 593 1097 1091 1079 1111 1124 1124 1128 636
109/17/99 194
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 5281 6540 6500 6402 6650 6708 6699 6749 5680
Worked at full-time jobs 1291 1454 1424 1353 1514 1554 1547 1578 1417
50 to 52 weeks 507 524 514 484 561 572 570 588 571
Worked at part-time jobs 916 1129 1122 1095 1182 1194 1192 1208 997
Did not work 3074 3957 3954 3954 3954 3961 3961 3963 3267
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 1458 2000 2000 1993 1999 1999 1999 2002 1844
AFDC or other non-SSI 221 285 285 283 288 288 288 288 264
SSI 1289 1784 1784 1779 1780 1780 1780 1783 1639
Food stamps 1366 1743 1742 1739 1750 1750 1750 1754 1499
Housing assistance 1095 1897 1892 1890 1914 1915 1915 1919 1258
Energy assistance 543 934 931 931 931 931 931 931 626
Food stamps and cash assistance 801 980 980 980 980 980 980 983 931
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 928 2139 2114 2006 2062 2076 2073 2097 916
Medicare 2260 8009 7982 7975 7999 8005 8005 8040 2504
Also Medicaid 976 1786 1786 1786 1792 1793 1793 1795 1191
Medicaid 1989 3043 3037 3032 3040 3046 3046 3058 2375
Not covered by:
Health insurance 2829 3002 2980 2980 3156 3197 3191 3221 3011
109/17/99 195
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 7903 7903 7414 7199 6637 5953 6868 7923 7865
Age
15 to 24 years 1963 1963 1959 1921 1886 1879 1923 1990 1990
25 to 44 years 2191 2191 2066 2001 1886 1858 1954 2190 2158
45 to 54 years 1051 1051 952 909 816 733 870 1033 1015
55 to 64 years 1037 1037 970 923 779 654 796 1018 1010
65 years and over 1660 1660 1467 1445 1270 830 1324 1693 1693
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 6192 6192 5818 5636 5240 4787 5431 6218 6168
Inside central cities 3468 3468 3247 3138 2854 2707 2946 3495 3471
Outside central cities 2724 2724 2571 2499 2385 2081 2484 2723 2697
Outside metropolitan areas 1710 1710 1597 1562 1397 1165 1438 1705 1697
Region
Northeast 1554 1554 1432 1348 1197 1113 1247 1589 1580
Midwest 1530 1530 1462 1439 1287 1149 1329 1571 1558
South 2944 2944 2798 2740 2533 2172 2607 2957 2929
West 1874 1874 1723 1671 1619 1518 1685 1806 1797
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 7718 7718 7229 7020 6458 5777 6687 7738 7680
18 to 24 years old 1778 1778 1774 1743 1708 1703 1742 1805 1805
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 436 436 431 421 408 408 422 442 442
25 years old and over 5939 5939 5455 5278 4750 4074 4945 5933 5875
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 2288 2288 2094 2019 1701 1392 1787 2281 2270
High school graduate, no college 2034 2034 1871 1804 1672 1456 1732 2041 2018
College: Less than bachelor's degree 984 984 894 874 816 706 847 983 966
Bachelor's degree or more 633 633 597 580 561 520 578 628 620
109/17/99 196
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 5582 5582 5288 5103 4722 4480 4889 5565 5507
Worked at full-time jobs 1407 1407 1369 1363 1318 1283 1327 1497 1457
50 to 52 weeks 566 566 556 553 530 531 535 616 600
Worked at part-time jobs 982 982 948 921 884 840 908 996 978
Did not work 3193 3193 2971 2820 2520 2358 2654 3072 3072
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 1725 1725 1269 1096 770 632 906 1459 1456
AFDC or other non-SSI 260 260 213 197 153 140 168 221 221
SSI 1523 1523 1102 941 640 507 760 1291 1287
Food stamps 1423 1423 1234 1140 801 705 826 1368 1368
Housing assistance 1086 1086 894 784 339 339 352 1116 1106
Energy assistance 582 582 499 475 368 269 380 542 542
Food stamps and cash assistance 886 886 697 615 378 312 399 799 799
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 890 890 877 872 837 725 849 1008 997
Medicare 2201 2201 1913 1873 1563 1065 1689 2262 2262
Also Medicaid 1017 1017 746 706 511 355 582 983 983
Medicaid 2201 2201 1756 1541 1189 989 1366 2003 1996
Not covered by:
Health insurance 3011 3011 2998 2998 2932 2857 2932 3034 2998