07/27/99 451
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
All families 2459 11.0 15.3 14.9 14.2
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 117 29.2 32.6 30.4 30.4
25 to 44 years 1257 10.0 11.7 11.6 10.5
45 to 54 years 533 9.8 13.7 13.7 13.7
55 to 64 years 294 9.6 12.4 11.7 10.5
65 years and over 258 11.4 31.2 29.8 29.8
Type of Family
Married-couple families 1966 7.9 12.2 11.8 11.0
With related children under 18 1203 8.3 10.5 10.3 9.1
With related children under 6 615 10.0 10.9 10.7 8.7
Male householder, no wife present 176 12.1 14.9 14.9 14.9
Female householder, no husband present 318 29.2 34.5 33.8 33.5
With related children under 18 203 39.6 45.3 44.1 43.7
With related children under 6 88 39.9 43.8 43.8 43.8
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 2368 10.8 15.1 14.7 14.0
Inside central cities 1037 14.3 19.8 19.6 19.1
Outside central cities 1332 8.2 11.4 10.8 10.0
Outside metropolitan areas 91 14.8 20.3 20.0 19.4
107/27/99 452
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Region
Northeast 424 16.3 20.4 19.3 19.1
Midwest 231 9.6 11.7 10.9 10.5
South 476 12.0 13.3 13.3 11.8
West 1329 9.1 15.0 14.7 14.1
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 325 30.7 41.1 41.1 39.8
High school graduate, no college 536 12.3 18.2 17.5 17.0
College: Less than bachelor's degree 544 12.1 15.0 14.6 14.0
Bachelor's degree or more 1054 3.6 5.9 5.6 5.0
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 15 to 64 years 2201 10.9 13.4 13.1 12.4
Worked at full-time jobs 1695 4.8 5.6 5.5 4.8
50 to 52 weeks 1457 3.7 4.2 4.0 3.3
Worked at part-time jobs 217 17.8 25.2 24.1 22.5
Did not work 289 41.7 50.5 49.7 48.9
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 543 34.6 51.4 49.9 49.4
Householder 15 to 64 years 396 40.5 51.2 50.0 49.4
Householder 65 years and over 148 18.6 52.0 49.4 49.4
One worker 978 7.8 8.9 8.8 7.4
Two workers or more 938 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.8
107/27/99 453
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 202 32.4 52.0 51.1 51.1
AFDC or other non-SSI 83 59.6 72.9 70.8 70.8
SSI 134 21.0 42.2 42.2 42.2
Food stamps 145 62.4 75.3 75.3 75.3
Housing assistance 93 53.4 72.9 71.0 71.0
Energy assistance 18 52.3 100.0 100.0 100.0
Free or reduced-price school lunches 272 43.7 56.1 55.4 52.5
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 93 60.9 79.7 79.7 79.7
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1813 3.8 4.9 4.8 3.9
Medicare 436 10.3 27.7 26.9 26.9
Medicaid 426 33.5 43.9 43.5 42.7
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 333 20.0 25.0 23.6 23.6
Health insurance 241 24.8 30.1 29.1 29.1
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 161 17.4 37.8 37.8 37.8
107/27/99 454
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
All families 15.3 15.4 14.5 14.5 11.5
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 33.1 33.1 30.4 30.4 27.0
25 to 44 years 11.9 11.9 10.6 10.6 9.4
45 to 54 years 14.1 14.7 14.4 14.4 12.6
55 to 64 years 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 9.6
65 years and over 29.8 29.8 29.8 29.8 14.1
Type of Family
Married-couple families 11.8 11.8 11.2 11.2 8.1
With related children under 18 10.2 10.2 9.1 9.2 7.7
With related children under 6 9.8 9.8 8.2 8.3 7.7
Male householder, no wife present 18.8 18.8 17.4 17.4 14.6
Female householder, no husband present 34.5 35.3 33.5 33.5 30.7
With related children under 18 45.2 45.2 42.4 42.4 37.9
With related children under 6 47.3 47.3 43.8 43.8 39.9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 15.1 15.2 14.4 14.4 11.3
Inside central cities 20.6 20.9 20.0 20.0 15.8
Outside central cities 10.8 10.8 10.0 10.0 7.9
Outside metropolitan areas 20.0 20.0 18.3 18.9 14.5
107/27/99 455
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Region
Northeast 20.2 20.2 19.6 19.6 17.2
Midwest 10.5 10.5 9.2 9.2 7.9
South 13.8 13.8 12.5 12.5 11.9
West 15.0 15.3 14.5 14.5 10.1
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 42.3 43.1 42.3 42.3 36.4
High school graduate, no college 18.9 18.9 16.8 16.9 11.7
College: Less than bachelor's degree 14.0 14.0 13.2 13.2 10.8
Bachelor's degree or more 5.8 5.8 5.4 5.4 4.0
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 15 to 64 years 13.6 13.7 12.7 12.7 11.1
Worked at full-time jobs 5.8 5.8 5.0 5.1 4.5
50 to 52 weeks 4.2 4.2 3.5 3.6 3.1
Worked at part-time jobs 26.1 26.1 23.6 23.6 16.7
Did not work 49.7 50.6 49.7 49.7 46.2
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 50.8 51.3 49.8 49.8 37.4
Householder 15 to 64 years 51.3 52.0 49.9 49.9 42.7
Householder 65 years and over 49.4 49.4 49.4 49.4 23.4
One worker 9.4 9.4 8.0 8.1 7.2
Two workers or more 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
107/27/99 456
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 53.7 53.7 52.2 52.2 45.9
AFDC or other non-SSI 74.5 74.5 70.8 70.8 61.9
SSI 43.8 43.8 43.8 43.8 39.7
Food stamps 77.5 77.5 74.4 74.4 64.9
Housing assistance 71.0 71.0 69.8 69.8 56.8
Energy assistance 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 67.3
Free or reduced-price school lunches 56.0 56.0 53.0 53.0 46.4
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 83.1 83.1 79.7 79.7 65.9
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 4.4 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.2
Medicare 27.4 27.4 27.4 27.4 14.6
Medicaid 45.9 45.9 43.0 43.0 38.2
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 26.2 26.2 26.2 26.2 21.5
Health insurance 32.7 32.7 32.7 32.7 26.9
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 39.2 39.2 39.2 39.2 29.0
107/27/99 457
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
All families 10.9 10.9 10.0 9.7 8.9
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 27.0 27.0 27.0 26.1 24.0
25 to 44 years 9.0 9.0 8.5 8.4 7.6
45 to 54 years 11.7 11.7 10.5 10.1 8.9
55 to 64 years 9.6 9.6 9.6 8.4 8.4
65 years and over 12.2 12.2 9.5 9.5 8.5
Type of Family
Married-couple families 7.4 7.4 6.8 6.5 6.0
With related children under 18 7.1 7.1 6.6 6.4 5.8
With related children under 6 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 6.1
Male householder, no wife present 13.4 13.4 13.4 13.4 13.4
Female householder, no husband present 30.7 30.7 28.3 27.6 24.0
With related children under 18 37.9 37.9 36.8 35.7 30.0
With related children under 6 39.9 39.9 39.9 38.7 34.8
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 10.7 10.7 9.9 9.6 8.8
Inside central cities 14.6 14.6 13.4 12.7 11.8
Outside central cities 7.7 7.7 7.2 7.2 6.4
Outside metropolitan areas 14.5 14.5 14.5 13.3 11.4
107/27/99 458
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Region
Northeast 16.6 16.6 15.5 15.0 15.0
Midwest 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 4.8
South 11.9 11.9 11.3 10.5 10.3
West 9.2 9.2 8.2 8.1 7.1
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 33.9 33.9 30.0 27.9 24.8
High school graduate, no college 11.7 11.7 11.2 11.0 10.2
College: Less than bachelor's degree 10.5 10.5 10.1 10.1 8.8
Bachelor's degree or more 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 15 to 64 years 10.7 10.7 10.1 9.7 8.9
Worked at full-time jobs 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.7
50 to 52 weeks 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.5
Worked at part-time jobs 15.7 15.7 15.7 13.6 11.1
Did not work 45.5 45.5 41.7 41.0 37.6
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 35.7 35.7 32.9 32.7 30.2
Householder 15 to 64 years 41.6 41.6 39.5 39.2 36.4
Householder 65 years and over 20.1 20.1 15.3 15.3 13.6
One worker 7.0 7.0 6.5 5.8 5.0
Two workers or more 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
107/27/99 459
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 40.4 40.4 30.5 29.4 23.3
AFDC or other non-SSI 59.6 59.6 59.6 56.9 45.1
SSI 33.0 33.0 18.2 18.2 14.1
Food stamps 60.9 60.9 59.0 57.5 47.0
Housing assistance 49.5 49.5 47.0 45.8 33.2
Energy assistance 67.3 67.3 52.3 52.3 40.7
Free or reduced-price school lunches 43.6 43.6 40.8 39.1 34.5
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 59.7 59.7 56.8 54.4 43.9
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 3.2 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.7
Medicare 11.2 11.2 8.6 8.6 8.0
Medicaid 34.8 34.8 30.8 28.9 24.8
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 21.5 21.5 20.6 20.6 19.5
Health insurance 26.9 26.9 25.8 25.8 24.3
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 19.9 19.9 12.8 12.8 11.2
107/27/99 460
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
All families 8.6 8.9 12.0 11.1
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 24.0 24.0 27.0 27.0
25 to 44 years 7.8 7.6 11.3 10.0
45 to 54 years 8.0 9.3 11.6 10.8
55 to 64 years 7.0 8.4 10.3 10.3
65 years and over 8.6 8.5 11.4 11.4
Type of Family
Married-couple families 5.8 6.1 8.8 8.1
With related children under 18 5.9 5.8 9.3 8.1
With related children under 6 6.4 6.1 11.1 9.7
Male householder, no wife present 12.7 13.4 14.8 13.4
Female householder, no husband present 23.5 24.0 30.4 29.0
With related children under 18 28.2 30.0 40.1 37.9
With related children under 6 34.8 34.8 43.8 39.9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 8.6 8.8 11.9 11.0
Inside central cities 11.8 12.0 15.6 14.8
Outside central cities 6.1 6.4 8.9 8.1
Outside metropolitan areas 8.3 11.4 15.7 14.5
107/27/99 461
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Region
Northeast 15.1 15.5 17.9 16.8
Midwest 4.8 4.8 9.6 8.3
South 9.7 10.3 13.3 12.8
West 6.8 7.1 10.1 9.2
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 23.7 25.5 36.1 32.2
High school graduate, no college 11.0 10.2 12.7 12.3
College: Less than bachelor's degree 8.6 8.8 11.7 10.5
Bachelor's degree or more 2.7 3.3 4.4 4.4
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 15 to 64 years 8.6 9.0 12.1 11.1
Worked at full-time jobs 3.8 3.7 5.9 5.2
50 to 52 weeks 2.5 2.5 4.6 4.1
Worked at part-time jobs 9.3 11.1 17.6 15.7
Did not work 36.2 38.3 44.2 42.7
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 28.4 30.2 35.8 33.8
Householder 15 to 64 years 34.4 36.4 42.2 39.5
Householder 65 years and over 12.2 13.6 18.6 18.6
One worker 5.3 5.2 9.3 8.3
Two workers or more 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0
107/27/99 462
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 23.3 23.3 35.2 32.4
AFDC or other non-SSI 45.1 45.1 63.6 59.6
SSI 14.1 14.1 22.6 21.0
Food stamps 47.0 47.0 66.3 61.6
Housing assistance 33.2 33.2 53.4 52.2
Energy assistance 40.7 40.7 52.3 52.3
Free or reduced-price school lunches 32.8 34.5 48.3 43.4
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 43.9 43.9 67.0 60.9
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 2.5 2.7 4.7 4.1
Medicare 7.8 8.0 11.1 10.3
Medicaid 24.5 25.3 35.9 32.5
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 19.5 19.5 20.6 20.6
Health insurance 24.2 24.3 25.8 25.8
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 11.2 11.2 19.5 17.4
107/27/99 463
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
All families 270 375 365 349 375 378 357 357 282
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 34 38 35 35 39 39 35 35 32
25 to 44 years 126 147 145 133 150 150 133 134 118
45 to 54 years 52 73 73 73 75 78 77 77 67
55 to 64 years 28 36 34 31 34 34 34 34 28
65 years and over 29 81 77 77 77 77 77 77 36
Type of Family
Married-couple families 156 240 232 217 233 233 220 220 159
With related children under 18 99 126 124 109 123 123 110 111 93
With related children under 6 61 67 66 54 60 60 51 51 47
Male householder, no wife present 21 26 26 26 33 33 31 31 26
Female householder, no husband present 93 110 107 106 109 112 106 106 97
With related children under 18 80 92 90 89 92 92 86 86 77
With related children under 6 35 38 38 38 41 41 38 38 35
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 257 357 347 331 357 360 340 340 268
Inside central cities 148 205 203 198 214 216 207 207 163
Outside central cities 109 152 144 133 144 144 133 133 105
Outside metropolitan areas 13 18 18 18 18 18 17 17 13
Region
Northeast 69 86 82 81 85 85 83 83 73
Midwest 22 27 25 24 24 24 21 21 18
South 57 63 63 56 66 66 60 60 57
West 121 199 195 188 200 203 193 193 134
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 100 134 134 129 137 140 138 138 118
107/27/99 464
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
High school graduate, no college 66 98 94 91 101 101 90 91 63
College: Less than bachelor's degree 66 82 79 76 76 76 72 72 59
Bachelor's degree or more 38 63 59 52 61 61 57 57 42
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 15 to 64 years 241 295 288 272 298 301 280 280 245
Worked at full-time jobs 82 94 93 82 98 98 85 86 76
50 to 52 weeks 53 61 59 48 62 62 51 52 45
Worked at part-time jobs 38 55 52 49 57 57 51 51 36
Did not work 120 146 143 141 143 146 143 143 133
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 188 279 271 269 276 279 270 270 203
Householder 15 to 64 years 160 203 198 196 203 206 197 197 169
Householder 65 years and over 27 77 73 73 73 73 73 73 34
One worker 77 87 86 73 92 92 79 79 71
Two workers or more 6 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 8
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 65 105 103 103 108 108 105 105 92
AFDC or other non-SSI 49 60 59 59 62 62 59 59 51
SSI 28 57 57 57 59 59 59 59 53
Food stamps 90 109 109 109 112 112 108 108 94
Housing assistance 50 68 66 66 66 66 65 65 53
Energy assistance 10 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 12
Free or reduced-price school lunches 119 153 151 143 152 152 144 144 126
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 57 74 74 74 77 77 74 74 61
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 68 89 87 71 79 82 72 73 57
Medicare 45 121 117 117 120 120 120 120 64
Medicaid 143 187 186 182 196 196 183 183 163
107/27/99 465
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 67 83 78 78 87 87 87 87 71
Health insurance 60 72 70 70 79 79 79 79 65
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 28 61 61 61 63 63 63 63 47
107/27/99 466
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
All families 267 267 247 239 218 211 220 295 274
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 32 32 32 30 28 28 28 32 32
25 to 44 years 113 113 107 105 96 97 96 142 125
45 to 54 years 62 62 56 54 47 43 50 62 57
55 to 64 years 28 28 28 25 25 21 25 30 30
65 years and over 32 32 25 25 22 22 22 29 29
Type of Family
Married-couple families 146 146 133 128 118 114 120 172 158
With related children under 18 86 86 80 77 69 71 69 112 98
With related children under 6 45 45 45 45 38 39 38 68 60
Male householder, no wife present 23 23 23 23 23 22 23 26 23
Female householder, no husband present 97 97 90 88 76 75 76 97 92
With related children under 18 77 77 75 73 61 57 61 82 77
With related children under 6 35 35 35 34 31 31 31 38 35
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 254 254 234 227 207 203 210 281 261
Inside central cities 151 151 139 132 122 123 124 162 153
Outside central cities 103 103 95 95 85 81 85 119 108
Outside metropolitan areas 13 13 13 12 10 8 10 14 13
Region
Northeast 70 70 66 63 63 64 66 76 71
Midwest 18 18 18 18 11 11 11 22 19
South 57 57 54 50 49 46 49 63 61
West 122 122 110 107 94 90 94 134 123
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 110 110 98 91 81 77 83 117 105
107/27/99 467
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
High school graduate, no college 63 63 60 59 55 59 55 68 66
College: Less than bachelor's degree 57 57 55 55 48 47 48 63 57
Bachelor's degree or more 37 37 35 35 35 28 35 46 46
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 15 to 64 years 235 235 222 214 196 189 198 266 245
Worked at full-time jobs 70 70 68 67 63 64 63 100 87
50 to 52 weeks 40 40 40 39 36 37 36 67 59
Worked at part-time jobs 34 34 34 29 24 20 24 38 34
Did not work 131 131 120 118 108 104 111 128 123
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 194 194 179 178 164 154 164 195 184
Householder 15 to 64 years 165 165 156 155 144 136 144 167 156
Householder 65 years and over 30 30 23 23 20 18 20 27 27
One worker 68 68 63 57 49 52 51 91 81
Two workers or more 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 9 9
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 82 82 61 59 47 47 47 71 65
AFDC or other non-SSI 49 49 49 47 37 37 37 53 49
SSI 44 44 24 24 19 19 19 30 28
Food stamps 88 88 85 83 68 68 68 96 89
Housing assistance 46 46 44 43 31 31 31 50 49
Energy assistance 12 12 10 10 8 8 8 10 10
Free or reduced-price school lunches 119 119 111 106 94 89 94 132 118
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 56 56 53 51 41 41 41 62 57
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 57 57 55 50 49 46 49 85 74
Medicare 49 49 37 37 35 34 35 48 45
Medicaid 148 148 131 123 106 104 108 153 139
107/27/99 468
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 71 71 69 69 65 65 65 69 69
Health insurance 65 65 62 62 59 58 59 62 62
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 32 32 21 21 18 18 18 31 28