09/17/99 163
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
All families 2459 10.3 14.4 14.0 13.8
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 117 29.2 32.6 30.4 30.4
25 to 44 years 1257 9.4 11.0 10.7 10.3
45 to 54 years 533 9.7 13.2 13.2 13.2
55 to 64 years 294 8.4 11.2 10.5 10.5
65 years and over 258 9.5 28.4 28.4 28.4
Type of Family
Married-couple families 1966 7.2 11.2 10.8 10.6
With related children under 18 1203 7.5 9.4 9.1 8.6
With related children under 6 615 9.1 10.1 9.4 8.5
Male householder, no wife present 176 12.1 14.9 14.9 14.9
Female householder, no husband present 318 28.3 33.8 33.1 33.1
With related children under 18 203 38.1 44.1 43.0 43.0
With related children under 6 88 39.9 43.8 43.8 43.8
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 2368 10.2 14.2 13.8 13.6
Inside central cities 1037 13.3 18.6 18.4 18.4
Outside central cities 1332 7.8 10.7 10.2 9.9
Outside metropolitan areas 91 13.7 19.2 18.9 18.3
109/17/99 164
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Region
Northeast 424 16.3 20.4 19.3 19.1
Midwest 231 9.2 11.3 10.5 10.5
South 476 11.0 12.3 12.3 11.5
West 1329 8.3 13.7 13.5 13.5
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 325 27.6 38.3 38.3 38.3
High school graduate, no college 536 11.9 16.9 16.9 16.8
College: Less than bachelor's degree 544 11.3 14.4 13.9 13.8
Bachelor's degree or more 1054 3.6 5.6 5.0 4.7
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 2201 10.4 12.7 12.3 12.1
Worked at full-time jobs 1695 4.5 5.2 4.9 4.6
50 to 52 weeks 1457 3.4 3.8 3.5 3.1
Worked at part-time jobs 217 15.6 22.6 21.4 21.4
Did not work 289 41.0 49.7 48.9 48.9
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 543 33.0 49.2 48.3 48.3
Householder 15 to 64 years 396 39.7 50.1 48.9 48.9
Householder 65 years and over 148 15.3 47.0 47.0 47.0
One worker 978 7.0 8.3 7.8 7.3
Two workers or more 938 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
109/17/99 165
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 202 31.8 50.5 49.6 49.6
AFDC or other non-SSI 83 59.6 72.9 70.8 70.8
SSI 134 20.1 39.9 39.9 39.9
Food stamps 145 60.8 74.4 74.4 74.4
Housing assistance 93 47.0 67.8 65.9 65.9
Energy assistance 18 52.3 100.0 100.0 100.0
Free or reduced-price school lunches 272 40.9 52.1 51.4 50.1
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 93 59.6 79.7 79.7 79.7
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1813 3.2 4.4 4.2 3.9
Medicare 436 8.9 25.4 25.4 25.4
Medicaid 426 31.3 41.3 40.9 40.9
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 333 19.7 24.7 23.2 23.2
Health insurance 241 24.3 29.6 28.6 28.6
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 161 14.4 33.6 33.6 33.6
109/17/99 166
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
All families 14.2 14.3 13.2 13.2 10.1
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 30.4 30.4 30.4 30.4 27.0
25 to 44 years 10.8 10.8 9.3 9.3 8.4
45 to 54 years 13.7 13.7 13.1 13.1 10.3
55 to 64 years 10.5 11.7 10.1 10.1 8.0
65 years and over 28.4 28.4 28.4 28.4 12.7
Type of Family
Married-couple families 10.9 11.1 10.1 10.1 7.2
With related children under 18 9.2 9.5 7.8 7.8 6.7
With related children under 6 9.1 9.1 7.7 7.7 7.0
Male householder, no wife present 16.1 16.1 14.2 14.2 10.8
Female householder, no husband present 33.5 33.5 31.9 31.9 27.8
With related children under 18 43.7 43.7 41.2 41.2 36.2
With related children under 6 43.8 43.8 43.8 43.8 39.9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 14.0 14.2 13.0 13.0 10.0
Inside central cities 19.0 19.3 18.0 18.0 14.2
Outside central cities 10.2 10.2 9.1 9.1 6.8
Outside metropolitan areas 18.3 18.3 18.3 18.3 11.4
109/17/99 167
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Region
Northeast 19.7 19.7 18.0 18.0 15.6
Midwest 10.5 10.5 9.2 9.2 7.9
South 11.8 12.5 11.3 11.3 10.2
West 13.9 13.9 13.0 13.0 8.7
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 38.6 39.7 36.8 36.8 30.6
High school graduate, no college 17.3 17.3 15.5 15.5 10.4
College: Less than bachelor's degree 14.0 14.0 13.2 13.2 10.5
Bachelor's degree or more 5.2 5.2 4.8 4.8 3.4
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 12.5 12.7 11.4 11.4 9.8
Worked at full-time jobs 5.0 5.0 4.2 4.2 3.8
50 to 52 weeks 3.5 3.5 2.7 2.7 2.4
Worked at part-time jobs 23.0 24.6 20.0 20.0 12.5
Did not work 48.9 48.9 47.2 47.2 42.7
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 49.0 49.0 47.8 47.8 34.7
Householder 15 to 64 years 49.8 49.8 48.1 48.1 39.8
Householder 65 years and over 47.0 47.0 47.0 47.0 20.9
One worker 7.7 8.0 6.1 6.1 5.5
Two workers or more 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6
109/17/99 168
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 51.1 51.1 50.0 50.0 42.2
AFDC or other non-SSI 70.8 70.8 70.8 70.8 61.9
SSI 42.2 42.2 40.5 40.5 34.3
Food stamps 75.3 75.3 72.8 72.8 63.3
Housing assistance 67.1 67.1 65.9 65.9 52.8
Energy assistance 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 67.3
Free or reduced-price school lunches 53.0 54.3 48.3 48.3 40.9
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 79.7 79.7 77.3 77.3 63.5
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 3.9 4.1 3.7 3.7 2.7
Medicare 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 13.0
Medicaid 41.9 42.7 39.8 39.8 34.7
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 25.0 25.0 21.5 21.5 17.2
Health insurance 31.0 31.0 27.6 27.6 22.4
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 35.5 35.5 35.5 35.5 25.4
109/17/99 169
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
All families 9.6 9.6 9.0 8.8 7.8
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 27.0 27.0 27.0 26.1 24.0
25 to 44 years 8.0 8.0 7.7 7.7 6.2
45 to 54 years 9.4 9.4 8.8 8.2 7.5
55 to 64 years 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0
65 years and over 12.0 12.0 8.5 8.5 8.5
Type of Family
Married-couple families 6.7 6.7 6.1 6.1 5.8
With related children under 18 6.1 6.1 5.8 5.8 5.3
With related children under 6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 5.6
Male householder, no wife present 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8
Female householder, no husband present 27.1 27.1 26.0 24.7 18.7
With related children under 18 36.2 36.2 34.6 32.6 23.1
With related children under 6 39.9 39.9 39.9 38.7 24.4
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 9.5 9.5 8.9 8.8 7.8
Inside central cities 13.3 13.3 12.0 12.0 10.5
Outside central cities 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.2 5.6
Outside metropolitan areas 11.4 11.4 11.4 10.2 8.3
109/17/99 170
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Region
Northeast 14.9 14.9 14.4 14.4 14.4
Midwest 7.9 7.9 7.9 6.6 4.8
South 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1
West 8.1 8.1 7.0 6.9 5.4
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 29.0 29.0 24.9 24.9 23.6
High school graduate, no college 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.2 8.0
College: Less than bachelor's degree 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.3 7.7
Bachelor's degree or more 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.9
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 9.3 9.3 9.0 8.8 7.7
Worked at full-time jobs 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.1
50 to 52 weeks 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0
Worked at part-time jobs 12.5 12.5 12.5 10.6 7.2
Did not work 41.2 41.2 40.0 40.0 35.3
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 34.0 34.0 31.3 30.6 26.7
Householder 15 to 64 years 39.3 39.3 37.9 36.9 31.6
Householder 65 years and over 19.8 19.8 13.6 13.6 13.6
One worker 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.5
Two workers or more 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
109/17/99 171
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 36.5 36.5 28.7 26.7 19.3
AFDC or other non-SSI 59.6 59.6 58.2 53.3 35.5
SSI 27.2 27.2 16.3 16.3 14.1
Food stamps 59.0 59.0 58.2 55.4 38.0
Housing assistance 49.5 49.5 44.3 39.9 23.7
Energy assistance 64.8 64.8 52.3 52.3 40.7
Free or reduced-price school lunches 38.1 38.1 35.6 34.6 27.7
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 56.8 56.8 55.6 51.2 35.4
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5
Medicare 10.4 10.4 7.8 7.8 7.8
Medicaid 32.0 32.0 28.3 27.3 21.4
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 17.2 17.2 17.2 17.2 17.2
Health insurance 22.4 22.4 22.4 22.4 22.4
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 18.2 18.2 11.2 11.2 11.2
109/17/99 172
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
All families 7.4 7.8 10.9 9.6
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 24.0 24.0 27.0 27.0
25 to 44 years 6.0 6.2 10.4 8.1
45 to 54 years 7.3 7.5 9.7 9.0
55 to 64 years 5.9 8.0 10.3 10.0
65 years and over 8.6 8.5 9.5 9.5
Type of Family
Married-couple families 5.3 5.8 7.9 6.7
With related children under 18 5.1 5.3 8.5 6.6
With related children under 6 4.8 5.6 10.4 7.0
Male householder, no wife present 10.8 10.8 13.4 10.8
Female householder, no husband present 18.3 18.7 28.2 26.4
With related children under 18 21.3 23.1 38.0 35.2
With related children under 6 24.4 24.4 39.9 39.9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 7.3 7.8 10.8 9.5
Inside central cities 10.0 10.5 13.8 12.8
Outside central cities 5.3 5.6 8.5 6.9
Outside metropolitan areas 8.3 8.3 13.4 12.0
109/17/99 173
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Region
Northeast 13.3 14.4 16.8 14.9
Midwest 4.8 4.8 9.6 7.9
South 9.5 10.1 12.0 10.8
West 5.2 5.4 8.8 7.7
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 22.8 23.6 29.3 26.7
High school graduate, no college 8.4 8.0 12.7 11.7
College: Less than bachelor's degree 7.0 7.7 11.5 9.9
Bachelor's degree or more 2.3 2.9 4.1 3.1
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 7.2 7.7 11.1 9.6
Worked at full-time jobs 3.2 3.1 5.0 3.7
50 to 52 weeks 2.1 2.0 3.9 2.4
Worked at part-time jobs 6.0 7.2 17.6 14.1
Did not work 31.9 35.3 41.7 41.0
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 24.5 26.7 33.6 31.8
Householder 15 to 64 years 29.1 31.6 40.4 37.9
Householder 65 years and over 12.2 13.6 15.3 15.3
One worker 4.5 4.5 8.2 6.1
Two workers or more 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.3
109/17/99 174
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 17.7 19.3 31.8 29.9
AFDC or other non-SSI 31.6 35.5 59.6 58.2
SSI 13.4 14.1 20.1 18.2
Food stamps 36.4 38.0 61.6 58.2
Housing assistance 23.7 23.7 48.2 47.0
Energy assistance 40.7 40.7 52.3 52.3
Free or reduced-price school lunches 25.5 27.7 44.2 36.9
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 32.9 35.4 59.6 55.6
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 2.3 2.5 3.8 3.3
Medicare 7.3 7.8 8.9 8.3
Medicaid 20.7 21.4 32.4 29.7
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 17.1 17.2 20.6 17.2
Health insurance 21.3 22.4 25.8 22.4
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 9.8 11.2 14.4 12.8
109/17/99 175
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
All families 253 353 344 339 349 352 325 325 248
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 34 38 35 35 35 35 35 35 32
25 to 44 years 118 138 134 129 136 136 116 116 105
45 to 54 years 51 70 70 70 73 73 70 70 55
55 to 64 years 25 33 31 31 31 34 30 30 24
65 years and over 25 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 33
Type of Family
Married-couple families 142 220 213 208 214 218 198 198 141
With related children under 18 91 113 109 104 110 114 94 94 81
With related children under 6 56 62 58 53 56 56 47 47 43
Male householder, no wife present 21 26 26 26 28 28 25 25 19
Female householder, no husband present 90 107 105 105 106 106 101 101 88
With related children under 18 77 90 88 88 89 89 84 84 74
With related children under 6 35 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 35
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 241 336 327 322 332 336 308 308 238
Inside central cities 137 193 190 190 197 201 186 186 147
Outside central cities 103 143 137 132 135 135 122 122 91
Outside metropolitan areas 12 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 10
Region
Northeast 69 86 82 81 83 83 76 76 66
Midwest 21 26 24 24 24 24 21 21 18
South 53 59 59 55 56 60 54 54 48
West 110 182 179 179 185 185 173 173 116
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 90 124 124 124 126 129 120 120 99
109/17/99 176
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
High school graduate, no college 64 91 91 90 92 92 83 83 56
College: Less than bachelor's degree 61 78 76 75 76 76 72 72 57
Bachelor's degree or more 38 60 53 50 55 55 50 50 35
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 229 280 271 266 276 279 251 251 215
Worked at full-time jobs 77 87 83 78 85 85 72 72 65
50 to 52 weeks 49 55 51 45 51 51 39 39 36
Worked at part-time jobs 34 49 46 46 50 53 43 43 27
Did not work 118 143 141 141 141 141 136 136 123
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 180 267 263 263 266 266 260 260 188
Householder 15 to 64 years 157 198 193 193 197 197 190 190 158
Householder 65 years and over 23 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 31
One worker 69 81 77 72 75 79 60 60 54
Two workers or more 5 5 5 5 8 8 5 5 5
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 64 102 100 100 103 103 101 101 85
AFDC or other non-SSI 49 60 59 59 59 59 59 59 51
SSI 27 54 54 54 57 57 54 54 46
Food stamps 88 108 108 108 109 109 105 105 92
Housing assistance 44 63 61 61 62 62 61 61 49
Energy assistance 10 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 12
Free or reduced-price school lunches 111 142 140 136 144 148 131 131 111
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 55 74 74 74 74 74 72 72 59
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 59 79 75 70 70 74 66 66 49
Medicare 39 111 111 111 114 114 114 114 57
Medicaid 133 176 174 174 179 182 170 170 148
109/17/99 177
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 65 82 77 77 83 83 72 72 57
Health insurance 59 71 69 69 75 75 67 67 54
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 23 54 54 54 57 57 57 57 41
109/17/99 178
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
All families 236 236 221 217 191 181 191 268 235
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 32 32 32 30 28 28 28 32 32
25 to 44 years 100 100 97 97 77 75 77 130 102
45 to 54 years 50 50 47 44 40 39 40 51 48
55 to 64 years 24 24 24 24 24 17 24 30 29
65 years and over 31 31 22 22 22 22 22 25 25
Type of Family
Married-couple families 131 131 119 119 113 104 113 155 132
With related children under 18 74 74 70 70 64 62 64 102 79
With related children under 6 41 41 41 41 35 30 35 64 43
Male householder, no wife present 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 23 19
Female householder, no husband present 86 86 83 79 59 58 59 90 84
With related children under 18 74 74 70 66 47 43 47 77 72
With related children under 6 35 35 35 34 21 21 21 35 35
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 226 226 210 207 184 174 184 256 224
Inside central cities 138 138 124 124 109 104 109 143 133
Outside central cities 88 88 86 83 75 70 75 113 92
Outside metropolitan areas 10 10 10 9 8 8 8 12 11
Region
Northeast 63 63 61 61 61 56 61 71 63
Midwest 18 18 18 15 11 11 11 22 18
South 48 48 48 48 48 45 48 57 51
West 107 107 93 92 71 69 71 118 102
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 94 94 81 81 77 74 77 95 87
109/17/99 179
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
High school graduate, no college 56 56 56 55 43 45 43 68 62
College: Less than bachelor's degree 54 54 54 51 42 38 42 62 54
Bachelor's degree or more 32 32 30 30 30 24 30 43 32
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 205 205 199 195 169 159 169 244 211
Worked at full-time jobs 59 59 56 56 52 54 52 85 62
50 to 52 weeks 30 30 29 29 29 31 29 57 35
Worked at part-time jobs 27 27 27 23 16 13 16 38 31
Did not work 119 119 116 116 102 92 102 120 118
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 185 185 170 166 145 133 145 183 173
Householder 15 to 64 years 156 156 150 146 125 115 125 160 150
Householder 65 years and over 29 29 20 20 20 18 20 23 23
One worker 49 49 48 48 44 44 44 80 60
Two workers or more 2 2 2 2 2 5 2 6 2
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 74 74 58 54 39 36 39 64 60
AFDC or other non-SSI 49 49 48 44 29 26 29 49 48
SSI 37 37 22 22 19 18 19 27 24
Food stamps 85 85 84 80 55 53 55 89 84
Housing assistance 46 46 41 37 22 22 22 45 44
Energy assistance 12 12 10 10 8 8 8 10 10
Free or reduced-price school lunches 104 104 97 94 75 70 75 120 101
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 53 53 52 48 33 31 33 55 52
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 49 49 47 46 45 41 45 69 59
Medicare 45 45 34 34 34 32 34 39 36
Medicaid 136 136 121 117 91 88 91 138 127
109/17/99 180
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 69 57
Health insurance 54 54 54 54 54 51 54 62 54
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 29 29 18 18 18 16 18 23 21