09/17/99 91
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
All families 71551 9.0 16.6 16.4 15.9
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 3242 28.8 31.7 31.3 30.2
25 to 44 years 32049 11.2 13.1 13.1 12.3
45 to 54 years 15127 4.9 7.5 7.4 7.1
55 to 64 years 9635 5.7 12.6 12.5 12.3
65 years and over 11498 5.4 37.3 36.8 36.5
Type of Family
Married-couple families 54778 4.5 11.9 11.8 11.3
With related children under 18 26226 5.9 7.4 7.4 6.7
With related children under 6 12223 7.7 8.8 8.7 7.7
Male householder, no wife present 3977 10.5 16.6 16.6 16.2
Female householder, no husband present 12796 27.5 36.6 36.4 35.4
With related children under 18 8934 35.6 41.9 41.8 40.4
With related children under 6 3789 46.7 51.8 51.6 50.1
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 56993 8.7 15.8 15.5 15.0
Inside central cities 19613 13.9 21.7 21.6 20.8
Outside central cities 37380 6.0 12.6 12.4 12.0
Outside metropolitan areas 14558 9.9 20.0 20.0 19.5
109/17/99 92
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Region
Northeast 13384 8.7 16.1 16.0 15.5
Midwest 16875 7.2 14.8 14.6 14.1
South 25894 9.7 18.1 17.9 17.4
West 15398 10.0 16.5 16.4 15.7
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 11593 22.6 41.3 40.9 39.9
High school graduate, no college 22967 10.0 17.9 17.7 17.1
College: Less than bachelor's degree 18888 6.4 11.7 11.5 11.1
Bachelor's degree or more 18103 1.8 4.3 4.3 4.1
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 60053 9.7 12.6 12.5 12.0
Worked at full-time jobs 46201 5.0 5.9 5.8 5.2
50 to 52 weeks 39689 2.9 3.4 3.3 2.8
Worked at part-time jobs 5577 19.1 22.8 22.6 22.0
Did not work 8276 29.6 43.6 43.5 43.0
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 20084 24.2 49.4 48.9 48.4
Householder 15 to 64 years 11329 37.8 50.9 50.5 49.7
Householder 65 years and over 8754 6.6 47.5 46.9 46.6
One worker 30975 4.7 5.9 5.8 5.0
Two workers or more 20493 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5
109/17/99 93
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 4478 45.9 68.0 67.5 66.8
AFDC or other non-SSI 2410 65.1 80.3 79.7 78.8
SSI 2464 29.0 59.1 58.6 58.4
Food stamps 4625 60.6 76.0 75.3 73.9
Housing assistance 2693 55.1 69.8 69.3 67.9
Energy assistance 1362 54.2 75.8 75.4 73.5
Free or reduced-price school lunches 8016 37.5 45.7 45.4 43.3
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 2614 65.5 85.4 84.8 84.1
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 52122 3.0 5.8 5.7 5.0
Medicare 15307 6.6 36.1 35.7 35.3
Medicaid 9889 35.1 50.5 50.0 49.0
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 7694 19.4 21.9 21.6 21.6
Health insurance 4929 24.9 27.3 27.0 27.0
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 2637 17.7 52.6 52.1 51.6
109/17/99 94
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
All families 16.6 16.7 15.3 15.3 8.6
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 32.2 32.2 28.2 28.2 26.6
25 to 44 years 13.4 13.4 10.9 11.0 9.8
45 to 54 years 7.4 7.5 6.9 6.9 5.2
55 to 64 years 12.6 12.8 12.5 12.6 6.5
65 years and over 36.9 37.1 37.0 37.3 6.4
Type of Family
Married-couple families 11.9 11.9 11.1 11.1 4.2
With related children under 18 7.6 7.7 5.9 5.9 4.8
With related children under 6 9.1 9.1 6.7 6.7 5.9
Male householder, no wife present 17.1 17.1 15.0 15.1 10.2
Female householder, no husband present 36.8 37.1 33.2 33.4 27.0
With related children under 18 42.3 42.5 37.0 37.2 33.7
With related children under 6 52.6 52.7 46.5 46.5 43.5
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 15.7 15.8 14.4 14.4 8.4
Inside central cities 21.8 22.0 19.7 19.8 13.6
Outside central cities 12.5 12.5 11.5 11.6 5.6
Outside metropolitan areas 20.4 20.5 18.7 18.9 9.4
109/17/99 95
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Region
Northeast 16.0 16.1 14.9 15.0 8.8
Midwest 14.8 14.8 13.5 13.7 6.7
South 18.2 18.3 16.7 16.8 9.1
West 16.6 16.6 15.0 15.0 9.5
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 41.3 41.6 38.9 39.1 22.9
High school graduate, no college 17.9 18.0 16.2 16.3 9.1
College: Less than bachelor's degree 11.7 11.8 10.3 10.4 5.8
Bachelor's degree or more 4.3 4.4 4.1 4.1 1.7
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 12.8 12.8 11.1 11.1 9.0
Worked at full-time jobs 5.9 6.0 4.4 4.4 3.9
50 to 52 weeks 3.4 3.4 2.1 2.2 1.9
Worked at part-time jobs 23.2 23.3 20.1 20.1 17.5
Did not work 43.8 44.0 42.4 42.6 31.9
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 49.2 49.2 47.3 47.5 24.9
Householder 15 to 64 years 51.0 51.0 47.7 47.9 38.0
Householder 65 years and over 46.9 46.9 46.9 47.0 7.9
One worker 6.1 6.3 4.2 4.3 3.5
Two workers or more 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4
109/17/99 96
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 68.1 68.4 65.2 65.4 56.8
AFDC or other non-SSI 80.7 80.9 76.2 76.4 71.5
SSI 59.0 59.2 57.9 58.2 45.9
Food stamps 76.1 76.3 69.7 69.9 62.2
Housing assistance 70.2 70.3 63.5 63.7 55.0
Energy assistance 75.1 75.4 69.9 70.3 56.4
Free or reduced-price school lunches 46.3 46.5 39.1 39.3 34.6
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 85.5 85.8 81.9 82.1 75.3
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 5.4 5.4 4.7 4.8 2.1
Medicare 35.7 36.0 35.7 35.9 8.0
Medicaid 50.8 51.0 46.0 46.1 37.1
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 23.7 23.8 19.9 20.0 17.5
Health insurance 29.6 29.8 24.8 24.9 22.4
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 52.3 52.7 51.6 51.9 25.8
109/17/99 97
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
All families 8.4 8.4 7.6 7.3 6.2
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 26.6 26.6 25.1 23.4 20.5
25 to 44 years 9.7 9.7 8.9 8.6 7.0
45 to 54 years 5.0 5.0 4.3 4.1 3.6
55 to 64 years 6.1 6.1 5.3 5.2 4.9
65 years and over 6.0 6.0 5.0 5.0 4.8
Type of Family
Married-couple families 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.2
With related children under 18 4.7 4.7 4.3 4.1 3.5
With related children under 6 5.8 5.8 5.5 5.2 4.3
Male householder, no wife present 9.8 9.8 8.7 8.7 7.4
Female householder, no husband present 26.7 26.7 23.8 22.9 18.9
With related children under 18 33.5 33.5 30.4 29.1 23.7
With related children under 6 43.4 43.4 40.4 38.8 32.5
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 8.2 8.2 7.4 7.1 6.0
Inside central cities 13.3 13.3 11.7 11.1 9.1
Outside central cities 5.5 5.5 5.1 4.9 4.4
Outside metropolitan areas 9.2 9.2 8.3 8.1 7.2
109/17/99 98
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Region
Northeast 8.7 8.6 7.4 7.1 5.8
Midwest 6.6 6.6 6.0 5.7 4.9
South 8.9 8.9 8.2 8.0 7.0
West 9.3 9.3 8.2 7.9 6.8
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 22.1 22.0 19.8 19.1 16.4
High school graduate, no college 9.0 9.0 8.2 7.8 6.7
College: Less than bachelor's degree 5.7 5.7 5.1 4.9 4.2
Bachelor's degree or more 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.3
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 8.9 8.9 8.0 7.7 6.5
Worked at full-time jobs 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.4 2.7
50 to 52 weeks 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.4
Worked at part-time jobs 17.5 17.4 15.7 15.1 12.6
Did not work 31.0 31.0 27.9 26.9 23.6
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 24.3 24.3 21.8 21.0 18.2
Householder 15 to 64 years 37.4 37.4 33.9 32.4 27.6
Householder 65 years and over 7.3 7.3 6.1 6.1 6.0
One worker 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.0 2.4
Two workers or more 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3
109/17/99 99
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 54.8 54.8 41.7 38.7 30.2
AFDC or other non-SSI 70.8 70.8 59.5 55.0 41.7
SSI 42.4 42.4 26.0 23.2 18.8
Food stamps 61.0 61.0 53.1 49.2 36.0
Housing assistance 54.1 54.1 47.7 43.7 27.4
Energy assistance 55.7 55.7 46.2 42.1 31.2
Free or reduced-price school lunches 34.1 34.1 30.5 29.1 22.9
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 74.0 74.0 60.2 55.1 40.9
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.7
Medicare 7.1 7.1 5.9 5.8 5.4
Medicaid 36.0 36.0 30.1 28.1 22.2
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 17.5 17.5 17.3 17.3 16.2
Health insurance 22.4 22.4 22.3 22.3 20.6
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 21.9 21.9 15.4 14.8 12.7
109/17/99 100
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
All families 5.7 6.4 9.7 8.0
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 20.0 20.6 30.6 25.9
25 to 44 years 6.8 7.1 12.3 9.5
45 to 54 years 3.3 3.7 5.3 4.6
55 to 64 years 4.0 5.0 6.0 5.7
65 years and over 3.5 4.9 5.4 5.3
Type of Family
Married-couple families 2.8 3.3 5.0 4.1
With related children under 18 3.3 3.6 6.9 5.0
With related children under 6 4.0 4.4 8.9 6.4
Male householder, no wife present 7.0 7.6 11.7 9.3
Female householder, no husband present 17.9 19.2 29.1 24.5
With related children under 18 23.0 24.2 37.8 31.3
With related children under 6 32.0 33.5 48.9 41.2
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 5.6 6.1 9.4 7.8
Inside central cities 8.7 9.3 14.9 12.4
Outside central cities 3.9 4.4 6.5 5.4
Outside metropolitan areas 6.4 7.4 10.8 8.9
109/17/99 101
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Region
Northeast 5.5 5.9 9.4 7.9
Midwest 4.5 5.0 7.8 6.4
South 6.3 7.2 10.5 8.7
West 6.4 6.9 10.7 8.6
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 14.8 16.9 24.0 20.8
High school graduate, no college 6.3 6.8 10.8 8.7
College: Less than bachelor's degree 3.8 4.2 6.9 5.5
Bachelor's degree or more 1.2 1.3 2.0 1.5
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 6.2 6.7 10.5 8.5
Worked at full-time jobs 2.6 2.8 5.8 3.9
50 to 52 weeks 1.3 1.4 3.6 2.1
Worked at part-time jobs 12.0 12.7 19.9 16.5
Did not work 22.0 24.3 30.4 28.7
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 16.7 18.5 24.7 22.5
Householder 15 to 64 years 26.3 28.1 38.7 34.9
Householder 65 years and over 4.3 6.0 6.6 6.5
One worker 2.2 2.5 5.9 3.5
Two workers or more 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.5
109/17/99 102
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 28.6 31.2 46.8 42.8
AFDC or other non-SSI 40.4 43.3 66.3 60.3
SSI 16.8 19.3 29.5 27.2
Food stamps 34.5 37.2 62.6 55.0
Housing assistance 27.4 29.0 56.8 49.4
Energy assistance 28.2 32.1 55.8 47.3
Free or reduced-price school lunches 21.6 23.5 41.0 32.1
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 39.2 42.4 66.9 61.5
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1.5 1.7 3.4 2.4
Medicare 4.3 5.6 6.8 6.5
Medicaid 20.9 22.9 36.8 31.2
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 15.1 16.2 21.4 17.3
Health insurance 19.4 20.6 27.5 22.3
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 10.5 13.2 18.3 17.3
109/17/99 103
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
All families 6428 11886 11759 11380 11902 11962 10912 10977 6152
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 934 1028 1016 980 1043 1043 914 914 863
25 to 44 years 3587 4214 4187 3941 4280 4292 3502 3516 3140
45 to 54 years 744 1135 1120 1077 1124 1128 1037 1046 784
55 to 64 years 546 1217 1203 1182 1215 1229 1201 1216 624
65 years and over 617 4292 4232 4200 4241 4270 4259 4285 740
Type of Family
Married-couple families 2484 6541 6441 6212 6511 6532 6061 6099 2283
With related children under 18 1551 1954 1932 1749 1997 2007 1542 1553 1252
With related children under 6 937 1074 1058 947 1107 1109 814 822 721
Male householder, no wife present 419 662 661 642 679 681 597 600 407
Female householder, no husband present 3525 4683 4658 4526 4712 4749 4253 4278 3461
With related children under 18 3183 3746 3731 3608 3779 3795 3310 3328 3010
With related children under 6 1769 1963 1957 1898 1993 1997 1763 1763 1649
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 4986 8978 8855 8549 8933 8984 8186 8231 4779
Inside central cities 2726 4262 4232 4081 4279 4310 3871 3892 2672
Outside central cities 2260 4716 4623 4468 4654 4674 4316 4339 2107
Outside metropolitan areas 1442 2908 2905 2832 2969 2978 2726 2746 1373
Region
Northeast 1169 2161 2136 2074 2144 2158 1995 2011 1184
Midwest 1212 2492 2466 2379 2492 2499 2281 2309 1139
South 2513 4693 4640 4517 4716 4747 4328 4346 2369
West 1534 2540 2518 2411 2550 2558 2308 2311 1461
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 2619 4786 4740 4622 4787 4823 4504 4531 2655
109/17/99 104
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
High school graduate, no college 2291 4113 4066 3916 4116 4128 3717 3734 2087
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1201 2201 2180 2094 2215 2224 1955 1971 1105
Bachelor's degree or more 317 787 773 748 784 788 736 741 305
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 5811 7593 7527 7180 7662 7692 6653 6692 5412
Worked at full-time jobs 2302 2714 2670 2400 2748 2756 2025 2043 1795
50 to 52 weeks 1134 1334 1309 1101 1363 1363 851 861 768
Worked at part-time jobs 1063 1269 1261 1226 1292 1298 1119 1123 975
Did not work 2446 3611 3596 3555 3621 3639 3510 3526 2642
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 4864 9922 9822 9714 9878 9887 9508 9539 4995
Householder 15 to 64 years 4286 5761 5719 5632 5773 5777 5403 5422 4305
Householder 65 years and over 578 4160 4104 4082 4105 4110 4105 4117 690
One worker 1458 1834 1811 1563 1896 1941 1302 1332 1069
Two workers or more 106 130 126 103 128 134 102 106 88
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 2053 3046 3020 2994 3051 3061 2921 2928 2546
AFDC or other non-SSI 1569 1935 1920 1898 1944 1949 1838 1840 1723
SSI 714 1457 1444 1439 1453 1459 1426 1433 1131
Food stamps 2801 3513 3485 3418 3518 3528 3222 3235 2877
Housing assistance 1484 1880 1866 1829 1892 1892 1711 1716 1481
Energy assistance 737 1032 1027 1002 1023 1027 952 957 768
Free or reduced-price school lunches 3004 3665 3640 3468 3714 3730 3135 3153 2774
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 1711 2232 2217 2199 2235 2243 2141 2145 1968
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1547 3035 2995 2616 2803 2830 2469 2488 1115
Medicare 1008 5520 5461 5397 5471 5509 5457 5497 1224
Medicaid 3474 4990 4943 4846 5027 5048 4549 4563 3667
109/17/99 105
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 1491 1682 1665 1665 1825 1831 1528 1536 1349
Health insurance 1227 1344 1330 1330 1460 1466 1224 1226 1106
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 468 1388 1373 1360 1379 1389 1361 1369 681
109/17/99 106
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
All families 6009 6005 5403 5204 4465 4108 4558 6929 5727
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 862 862 813 759 663 649 668 994 839
25 to 44 years 3113 3109 2860 2759 2228 2170 2281 3937 3035
45 to 54 years 758 758 643 613 546 493 561 798 695
55 to 64 years 590 590 512 498 470 390 486 578 544
65 years and over 686 686 576 576 557 406 562 623 613
Type of Family
Married-couple families 2200 2200 2010 1930 1754 1534 1798 2740 2224
With related children under 18 1223 1223 1139 1084 922 861 950 1807 1302
With related children under 6 712 712 675 637 521 483 540 1085 781
Male householder, no wife present 389 389 348 345 296 277 304 465 370
Female householder, no husband present 3419 3415 3045 2930 2415 2297 2456 3724 3133
With related children under 18 2997 2993 2712 2600 2118 2053 2159 3374 2793
With related children under 6 1646 1645 1532 1470 1232 1211 1269 1855 1560
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 4671 4668 4192 4020 3413 3179 3479 5357 4428
Inside central cities 2608 2607 2291 2173 1787 1703 1826 2927 2425
Outside central cities 2064 2061 1901 1847 1627 1476 1653 2430 2003
Outside metropolitan areas 1337 1337 1211 1185 1052 929 1078 1571 1299
Region
Northeast 1159 1155 995 944 772 734 792 1254 1056
Midwest 1113 1113 1011 969 826 764 848 1322 1084
South 2304 2304 2134 2075 1817 1631 1855 2711 2257
West 1433 1433 1264 1217 1049 978 1062 1642 1331
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 2557 2556 2291 2218 1907 1719 1958 2787 2415
109/17/99 107
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
High school graduate, no college 2068 2066 1883 1801 1533 1454 1561 2481 1999
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1083 1083 970 933 790 723 798 1305 1034
Bachelor's degree or more 300 300 260 252 235 212 241 356 280
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 5323 5319 4828 4629 3908 3702 3996 6306 5114
Worked at full-time jobs 1783 1781 1643 1565 1256 1208 1282 2684 1823
50 to 52 weeks 756 755 701 679 548 522 566 1434 829
Worked at part-time jobs 975 972 876 841 701 671 706 1107 919
Did not work 2565 2565 2309 2223 1950 1823 2008 2514 2372
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 4880 4877 4375 4211 3646 3353 3715 4959 4523
Householder 15 to 64 years 4240 4237 3839 3676 3125 2975 3189 4385 3955
Householder 65 years and over 640 640 535 535 521 378 526 574 568
One worker 1054 1052 955 922 756 692 774 1830 1099
Two workers or more 76 76 73 71 63 62 69 140 104
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 2454 2454 1868 1732 1351 1281 1398 2094 1915
AFDC or other non-SSI 1707 1707 1433 1325 1005 975 1044 1599 1454
SSI 1044 1044 640 572 463 415 476 727 671
Food stamps 2823 2823 2457 2274 1666 1597 1718 2897 2545
Housing assistance 1456 1456 1286 1176 739 739 781 1530 1331
Energy assistance 758 758 630 573 425 384 437 760 644
Free or reduced-price school lunches 2735 2735 2441 2333 1836 1730 1887 3284 2571
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 1935 1935 1575 1439 1069 1023 1109 1749 1608
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1101 1098 1019 1004 874 801 883 1772 1273
Medicare 1081 1081 907 891 828 654 858 1038 991
Medicaid 3564 3564 2981 2782 2194 2064 2268 3640 3088
109/17/99 108
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 1349 1348 1333 1333 1246 1160 1246 1644 1334
Health insurance 1106 1105 1100 1100 1018 954 1018 1354 1101
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 578 578 407 391 335 278 347 483 456