07/27/99 325
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 34877 26.1 34.5 34.5 33.3
Age
Under 18 years 11317 36.7 42.4 42.5 40.4
Related children 11176 36.4 42.3 42.3 40.3
Under 6 years 3549 39.6 44.8 44.7 42.8
18 to 24 years 3828 27.2 33.2 33.2 32.2
25 to 44 years 10870 19.4 23.9 23.9 22.9
45 to 64 years 6139 17.4 26.0 25.9 25.3
65 years and over 2723 26.4 64.6 64.6 64.2
65 to 74 years 1603 25.6 60.5 60.6 60.1
75 years and over 1120 27.4 70.4 70.3 70.0
Family Relationship
In families 29333 24.7 32.7 32.7 31.3
Married-couple families 14241 8.6 15.0 15.1 13.9
With related children under 18 9792 10.1 13.5 13.7 12.0
Female hhlder, no husband present 13156 42.8 52.4 52.4 50.7
With related children under 18 10561 48.9 57.1 57.1 55.0
Unrelated individuals 5390 32.5 43.9 43.9 43.5
Living alone 3639 31.3 44.8 44.8 44.4
65 years and over 864 43.9 80.0 80.1 79.5
107/27/99 326
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 30037 25.5 33.9 33.9 32.7
Inside central cities 19233 29.3 38.9 38.9 37.7
Outside central cities 10804 18.7 25.0 25.0 23.9
Outside metropolitan areas 4840 29.8 38.1 38.2 36.5
Region
Northeast 6529 29.9 39.7 39.7 38.4
Midwest 6425 27.2 37.0 37.1 34.8
South 19034 25.3 32.4 32.5 31.5
West 2889 20.2 30.7 30.2 29.5
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 23560 21.0 30.7 30.7 29.8
18 to 24 years old 3828 27.2 33.2 33.2 32.2
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1067 37.1 44.8 45.0 44.0
25 years old and over 19732 19.7 30.2 30.2 29.4
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 4545 35.3 56.1 55.9 55.3
High school graduate, no college 7042 20.9 30.7 30.6 29.3
College: Less than bachelor's degree 5103 12.6 19.0 19.2 18.4
Bachelor's degree or more 3043 5.7 9.2 9.2 8.9
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 19656 19.9 26.0 25.9 25.0
Worked at full-time jobs 12984 8.7 10.7 10.6 9.8
50 to 52 weeks 10628 5.0 6.0 6.0 5.3
Worked at part-time jobs 2218 29.5 37.5 37.4 36.9
Did not work 4454 48.0 64.8 64.8 63.6
107/27/99 327
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 6346 59.1 75.5 75.2 74.5
AFDC or other non-SSI 3724 70.7 81.9 81.5 80.8
SSI 3259 47.4 70.7 70.7 70.1
Food stamps 7039 67.3 78.7 78.5 77.0
Housing assistance 4624 67.3 77.9 77.4 76.7
Energy assistance 1727 68.9 82.2 81.6 79.9
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 9864 49.3 58.5 58.5 55.5
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 4220 73.2 87.0 86.6 86.0
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 17115 7.5 10.0 10.1 7.9
Medicare 3703 31.3 66.9 66.9 66.2
Also Medicaid 1023 53.6 79.7 79.7 78.7
Medicaid 7820 59.6 73.4 73.4 72.2
Not covered 7708 34.0 40.7 40.6 40.4
107/27/99 328
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 34.7 34.9 32.1 32.2 25.5
Age
Under 18 years 42.1 42.2 37.2 37.4 33.5
Related children 42.0 42.1 37.0 37.2 33.2
Under 6 years 44.9 44.9 39.3 39.7 36.7
18 to 24 years 33.9 34.1 31.6 31.8 27.4
25 to 44 years 24.3 24.8 22.3 22.5 19.3
45 to 64 years 26.3 26.5 25.8 25.9 18.9
65 years and over 65.0 65.1 64.8 64.8 29.5
65 to 74 years 61.2 61.2 60.7 60.7 29.1
75 years and over 70.5 70.6 70.6 70.6 30.1
Family Relationship
In families 32.8 33.0 29.6 29.8 23.6
Married-couple families 15.2 15.3 13.6 13.7 7.8
With related children under 18 13.8 13.8 11.3 11.4 8.7
Female hhlder, no husband present 52.5 52.9 47.6 47.7 41.5
With related children under 18 56.6 57.1 50.9 51.0 45.9
Unrelated individuals 44.7 45.1 44.9 45.3 35.1
Living alone 45.4 45.8 45.7 45.9 33.4
65 years and over 80.2 80.2 80.2 80.2 45.4
107/27/99 329
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 34.0 34.2 31.5 31.7 25.0
Inside central cities 39.0 39.3 36.6 36.7 29.3
Outside central cities 25.1 25.2 22.5 22.7 17.4
Outside metropolitan areas 39.0 39.1 35.5 35.8 28.5
Region
Northeast 39.6 39.7 36.1 36.3 29.6
Midwest 37.0 37.2 34.3 34.5 26.2
South 33.0 33.3 30.4 30.5 24.3
West 29.7 29.8 28.9 29.1 23.2
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 31.1 31.4 29.6 29.8 21.7
18 to 24 years old 33.9 34.1 31.6 31.8 27.4
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 45.1 45.1 43.0 43.2 38.6
25 years old and over 30.6 30.9 29.2 29.4 20.6
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 57.0 57.5 55.6 55.7 38.2
High school graduate, no college 30.8 31.2 29.3 29.5 21.2
College: Less than bachelor's degree 19.5 19.7 17.9 18.1 12.9
Bachelor's degree or more 9.1 9.2 8.7 8.8 5.7
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 26.4 26.7 24.8 25.0 20.4
Worked at full-time jobs 11.1 11.3 9.3 9.5 7.8
50 to 52 weeks 6.4 6.6 4.7 4.9 3.8
Worked at part-time jobs 38.9 39.4 36.8 37.0 31.4
Did not work 64.7 65.1 63.8 64.0 51.6
107/27/99 330
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 75.4 75.6 74.2 74.3 68.9
AFDC or other non-SSI 81.9 82.2 80.3 80.3 76.4
SSI 70.6 70.9 70.5 70.5 62.5
Food stamps 78.7 79.4 75.3 75.6 69.5
Housing assistance 78.5 78.6 72.6 72.8 67.1
Energy assistance 82.8 83.6 78.7 78.7 72.7
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 57.9 58.3 51.6 51.8 45.4
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 87.0 87.2 85.9 85.9 81.3
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 8.9 9.0 6.9 7.0 4.6
Medicare 67.4 67.7 66.8 66.8 35.1
Also Medicaid 80.0 80.2 79.2 79.2 64.0
Medicaid 73.5 73.6 69.3 69.6 63.1
Not covered 42.8 43.5 39.7 40.0 33.1
107/27/99 331
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 24.7 24.7 22.7 21.1 18.2
Age
Under 18 years 33.1 33.1 30.7 28.2 24.3
Related children 32.9 32.9 30.5 27.9 24.0
Under 6 years 36.6 36.6 34.4 31.8 28.0
18 to 24 years 27.0 27.0 25.5 23.6 20.9
25 to 44 years 19.0 19.0 17.4 16.1 13.5
45 to 64 years 17.6 17.6 15.9 15.0 13.1
65 years and over 24.8 24.8 22.5 21.8 19.6
65 to 74 years 24.5 24.5 21.9 21.5 19.6
75 years and over 25.3 25.3 23.3 22.2 19.6
Family Relationship
In families 23.0 23.0 21.0 19.4 16.6
Married-couple families 7.3 7.3 6.5 5.7 4.9
With related children under 18 8.2 8.2 7.5 6.3 5.3
Female hhlder, no husband present 40.8 40.7 37.3 34.6 29.6
With related children under 18 45.5 45.4 42.0 38.8 32.9
Unrelated individuals 32.9 32.9 31.3 29.7 26.2
Living alone 31.6 31.6 30.3 28.7 24.6
65 years and over 40.6 40.6 38.8 37.9 33.2
107/27/99 332
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 24.1 24.1 22.2 20.4 17.6
Inside central cities 28.4 28.3 25.9 23.7 19.9
Outside central cities 16.6 16.6 15.6 14.7 13.5
Outside metropolitan areas 28.1 28.1 25.9 25.2 22.2
Region
Northeast 28.6 28.6 25.9 23.0 18.7
Midwest 25.2 25.2 23.2 21.3 18.6
South 23.5 23.5 22.2 21.1 18.7
West 22.4 22.4 18.0 16.0 13.5
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 20.6 20.6 18.9 17.7 15.3
18 to 24 years old 27.0 27.0 25.5 23.6 20.9
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 38.5 38.4 35.5 32.3 29.5
25 years old and over 19.4 19.4 17.6 16.5 14.2
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 35.0 35.0 31.9 30.3 25.9
High school graduate, no college 20.4 20.4 18.5 17.3 14.9
College: Less than bachelor's degree 12.4 12.4 11.2 10.5 9.1
Bachelor's degree or more 5.5 5.5 5.0 4.4 3.9
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 19.7 19.7 18.1 16.8 14.5
Worked at full-time jobs 7.7 7.7 7.1 6.5 5.4
50 to 52 weeks 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.2 2.6
Worked at part-time jobs 30.6 30.6 28.5 26.9 22.8
Did not work 49.4 49.3 44.9 41.9 36.7
107/27/99 333
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 66.4 66.3 56.0 49.3 40.7
AFDC or other non-SSI 75.5 75.4 67.9 60.5 50.7
SSI 58.8 58.7 44.6 35.8 27.2
Food stamps 68.1 68.1 62.1 55.1 43.5
Housing assistance 65.1 65.1 60.7 54.0 40.1
Energy assistance 71.2 71.0 65.7 55.3 46.3
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 44.7 44.6 40.9 37.0 30.9
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 79.6 79.6 69.6 60.7 48.8
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.3
Medicare 29.3 29.3 26.4 25.8 21.6
Also Medicaid 53.7 53.7 45.0 43.5 32.0
Medicaid 61.1 61.0 53.8 47.3 38.8
Not covered 32.9 32.9 32.0 31.4 28.8
107/27/99 334
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 17.2 19.5 27.6 24.5
Age
Under 18 years 23.7 25.6 38.5 32.9
Related children 23.4 25.3 38.3 32.7
Under 6 years 27.7 30.0 42.2 36.5
18 to 24 years 20.7 22.3 29.9 26.7
25 to 44 years 13.1 14.2 21.1 18.6
45 to 64 years 11.5 14.7 18.3 17.5
65 years and over 14.3 21.3 26.3 26.0
65 to 74 years 14.9 21.4 25.6 25.0
75 years and over 13.4 21.3 27.4 27.4
Family Relationship
In families 15.9 17.6 26.3 22.7
Married-couple families 4.4 5.8 9.5 8.4
With related children under 18 5.0 6.4 11.4 9.8
Female hhlder, no husband present 28.8 30.9 45.1 38.8
With related children under 18 32.2 34.4 51.4 43.8
Unrelated individuals 23.5 28.5 34.0 34.0
Living alone 20.8 25.7 32.3 32.3
65 years and over 21.2 33.2 43.5 43.5
107/27/99 335
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 16.9 18.8 27.0 24.0
Inside central cities 19.1 21.3 31.1 27.9
Outside central cities 12.9 14.2 19.6 17.0
Outside metropolitan areas 19.0 23.7 31.5 27.7
Region
Northeast 18.2 20.3 32.3 28.3
Midwest 18.0 20.6 28.6 25.8
South 17.3 19.5 26.7 23.6
West 12.7 14.6 20.6 19.2
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 14.0 16.5 22.4 20.5
18 to 24 years old 20.7 22.3 29.9 26.7
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 29.4 31.2 40.9 36.5
25 years old and over 12.8 15.4 20.9 19.3
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 22.9 28.5 36.7 34.7
High school graduate, no college 13.5 15.9 22.1 20.3
College: Less than bachelor's degree 8.0 9.6 14.3 12.5
Bachelor's degree or more 3.7 4.2 6.0 5.3
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 13.7 15.5 21.4 19.4
Worked at full-time jobs 5.2 5.6 10.1 7.9
50 to 52 weeks 2.5 2.7 6.1 4.3
Worked at part-time jobs 21.9 23.6 32.9 29.3
Did not work 34.4 40.5 48.9 47.8
107/27/99 336
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 39.6 45.2 60.7 57.7
AFDC or other non-SSI 50.4 54.3 72.6 69.0
SSI 25.2 33.4 48.3 46.8
Food stamps 42.5 47.5 69.4 64.5
Housing assistance 40.1 43.4 69.2 63.3
Energy assistance 42.9 48.5 73.2 68.4
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 29.9 33.3 52.0 43.8
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 47.9 54.4 75.3 71.7
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 3.0 3.4 8.5 6.3
Medicare 16.7 24.9 31.8 31.1
Also Medicaid 25.7 38.3 54.7 53.1
Medicaid 37.4 42.8 61.5 56.1
Not covered 27.3 29.5 36.8 32.6
107/27/99 337
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 9091 12029 12032 11601 12097 12176 11187 11243 8901
Age
Under 18 years 4151 4801 4810 4575 4768 4779 4209 4227 3786
Related children 4073 4723 4733 4503 4693 4705 4136 4155 3714
Under 6 years 1404 1589 1586 1519 1594 1594 1394 1410 1304
18 to 24 years 1043 1270 1272 1234 1297 1304 1209 1219 1050
25 to 44 years 2111 2603 2602 2489 2646 2694 2422 2441 2101
45 to 64 years 1068 1597 1589 1556 1616 1628 1583 1591 1159
65 years and over 718 1758 1759 1747 1771 1772 1764 1764 805
65 to 74 years 411 970 972 963 981 981 974 974 467
75 years and over 307 789 788 784 790 791 791 791 337
Family Relationship
In families 7259 9583 9588 9182 9607 9666 8692 8728 6936
Married-couple families 1219 2140 2155 1986 2171 2173 1932 1951 1106
With related children under 18 988 1322 1338 1173 1352 1352 1111 1119 850
Female hhlder, no husband present 5629 6899 6894 6673 6903 6954 6268 6275 5454
With related children under 18 5168 6030 6026 5804 5982 6034 5381 5388 4849
Unrelated individuals 1752 2366 2364 2346 2411 2431 2421 2441 1891
Living alone 1140 1629 1629 1615 1652 1667 1662 1671 1214
65 years and over 379 691 692 687 693 693 693 693 393
107/27/99 338
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 7648 10184 10185 9835 10210 10285 9470 9512 7521
Inside central cities 5628 7479 7482 7255 7498 7561 7042 7061 5638
Outside central cities 2020 2705 2703 2579 2712 2724 2428 2451 1883
Outside metropolitan areas 1443 1844 1847 1766 1887 1891 1717 1730 1379
Region
Northeast 1949 2594 2593 2507 2588 2590 2355 2372 1931
Midwest 1751 2377 2384 2237 2379 2393 2204 2219 1682
South 4807 6172 6182 6004 6273 6331 5792 5812 4617
West 584 886 873 853 858 862 835 840 672
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 4940 7227 7222 7026 7329 7397 6978 7016 5115
18 to 24 years old 1043 1270 1272 1234 1297 1304 1209 1219 1050
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 396 478 480 470 482 482 459 461 412
25 years old and over 3897 5958 5950 5792 6033 6093 5769 5797 4064
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1603 2548 2540 2513 2592 2612 2529 2532 1737
High school graduate, no college 1475 2162 2152 2066 2167 2197 2061 2074 1496
College: Less than bachelor's degree 645 967 978 941 996 1005 913 922 660
Bachelor's degree or more 174 281 281 271 278 280 266 268 172
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 3914 5104 5095 4922 5184 5248 4872 4907 4001
Worked at full-time jobs 1123 1385 1379 1269 1441 1473 1213 1234 1008
50 to 52 weeks 536 638 641 558 676 703 499 517 406
Worked at part-time jobs 654 832 830 819 863 874 816 821 697
Did not work 2137 2887 2885 2835 2880 2901 2843 2852 2296
107/27/99 339
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 3749 4791 4774 4729 4787 4798 4711 4713 4370
AFDC or other non-SSI 2633 3051 3034 3007 3050 3060 2988 2988 2846
SSI 1546 2305 2303 2285 2300 2311 2296 2298 2038
Food stamps 4734 5537 5523 5423 5541 5586 5298 5320 4889
Housing assistance 3111 3601 3577 3548 3632 3634 3355 3365 3103
Energy assistance 1190 1419 1409 1380 1431 1443 1359 1359 1255
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 4862 5766 5773 5480 5711 5756 5093 5111 4474
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 3089 3670 3653 3628 3669 3680 3625 3625 3429
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 1277 1711 1727 1346 1526 1535 1178 1193 791
Medicare 1160 2477 2478 2450 2496 2506 2475 2475 1298
Also Medicaid 548 815 815 805 818 821 810 810 655
Medicaid 4659 5741 5739 5648 5748 5756 5421 5443 4933
Not covered 2622 3138 3133 3112 3303 3356 3061 3084 2555
107/27/99 340
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 8604 8601 7933 7354 6358 5995 6786 9632 8553
Age
Under 18 years 3746 3744 3477 3187 2751 2687 2900 4356 3726
Related children 3674 3672 3405 3115 2679 2615 2828 4276 3654
Under 6 years 1300 1300 1222 1130 995 984 1064 1498 1296
18 to 24 years 1035 1035 978 902 801 791 853 1143 1023
25 to 44 years 2065 2064 1888 1752 1470 1424 1548 2291 2024
45 to 64 years 1082 1082 979 918 802 705 904 1124 1073
65 years and over 676 676 612 594 534 389 581 717 708
65 to 74 years 393 393 351 345 315 238 343 410 401
75 years and over 283 283 261 249 219 151 238 307 307
Family Relationship
In families 6756 6752 6173 5677 4871 4657 5177 7713 6646
Married-couple families 1039 1039 929 815 697 632 831 1357 1192
With related children under 18 806 806 730 617 518 490 630 1120 955
Female hhlder, no husband present 5365 5361 4908 4554 3897 3784 4067 5932 5104
With related children under 18 4802 4798 4437 4101 3480 3404 3634 5429 4623
Unrelated individuals 1775 1775 1686 1603 1414 1265 1536 1834 1834
Living alone 1151 1151 1101 1046 894 756 936 1177 1177
65 years and over 351 351 335 328 287 184 287 376 376
107/27/99 341
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 7245 7241 6678 6134 5283 5074 5640 8106 7212
Inside central cities 5454 5451 4988 4549 3820 3678 4101 5988 5370
Outside central cities 1791 1791 1690 1585 1463 1396 1539 2118 1842
Outside metropolitan areas 1360 1360 1256 1220 1075 922 1146 1525 1341
Region
Northeast 1867 1867 1693 1502 1219 1186 1326 2111 1848
Midwest 1619 1619 1492 1370 1197 1155 1323 1835 1659
South 4470 4466 4228 4019 3551 3287 3715 5091 4492
West 648 648 520 462 391 368 422 595 554
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 4858 4857 4456 4166 3607 3308 3886 5276 4827
18 to 24 years old 1035 1035 978 902 801 791 853 1143 1023
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 411 410 379 345 315 313 333 436 390
25 years old and over 3823 3822 3479 3264 2806 2517 3033 4133 3804
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1589 1589 1452 1379 1175 1041 1295 1667 1577
High school graduate, no college 1436 1436 1304 1216 1049 954 1123 1553 1428
College: Less than bachelor's degree 633 632 571 536 463 410 488 730 637
Bachelor's degree or more 166 166 152 133 119 112 127 182 162
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 3880 3879 3557 3310 2842 2691 3053 4214 3811
Worked at full-time jobs 1002 1002 925 846 701 674 725 1307 1032
50 to 52 weeks 401 401 369 340 276 262 290 650 455
Worked at part-time jobs 679 679 632 597 506 487 523 730 650
Did not work 2198 2197 2000 1867 1636 1530 1804 2177 2130
107/27/99 342
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (Black)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 4211 4208 3551 3127 2586 2512 2866 3849 3663
AFDC or other non-SSI 2810 2806 2528 2254 1888 1878 2023 2705 2569
SSI 1916 1912 1452 1167 885 820 1090 1574 1524
Food stamps 4797 4797 4374 3882 3060 2995 3340 4883 4538
Housing assistance 3010 3010 2808 2499 1854 1854 2009 3202 2928
Energy assistance 1230 1226 1134 955 799 741 837 1264 1181
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 4406 4402 4038 3650 3047 2949 3280 5131 4323
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 3359 3359 2937 2561 2060 2020 2296 3179 3025
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 747 744 707 678 572 520 590 1455 1074
Medicare 1086 1086 979 957 799 619 921 1177 1152
Also Medicaid 550 550 461 445 327 262 392 559 543
Medicaid 4777 4773 4210 3697 3031 2925 3343 4810 4387
Not covered 2534 2534 2469 2419 2219 2108 2276 2836 2512