07/27/99 307
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 222837 10.5 17.9 17.7 17.1
Age
Under 18 years 56016 15.1 17.1 16.9 16.1
Related children 55126 14.4 16.4 16.2 15.4
Under 6 years 18227 16.8 18.2 18.1 17.2
18 to 24 years 20741 14.6 17.0 16.8 15.9
25 to 44 years 67842 9.0 10.9 10.8 10.3
45 to 64 years 49478 6.8 11.8 11.6 11.3
65 years and over 28759 8.9 47.0 46.6 46.4
65 to 74 years 15642 7.3 39.6 39.2 38.8
75 years and over 13118 10.8 55.8 55.5 55.4
Family Relationship
In families 186184 8.9 14.7 14.6 14.0
Married-couple families 153434 5.8 11.3 11.2 10.7
With related children under 18 94095 7.4 8.8 8.6 8.0
Female hhlder, no husband present 24211 27.6 35.5 35.3 34.2
With related children under 18 17428 35.7 40.8 40.6 39.3
Unrelated individuals 35563 18.0 33.3 33.1 32.8
Living alone 22213 14.9 37.0 36.8 36.6
65 years and over 8740 17.1 66.0 65.8 65.7
107/27/99 308
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 176985 10.0 16.8 16.6 16.1
Inside central cities 56016 14.9 22.2 22.0 21.2
Outside central cities 120970 7.8 14.3 14.1 13.7
Outside metropolitan areas 45851 12.4 21.9 21.8 21.3
Region
Northeast 43151 9.5 17.0 16.8 16.2
Midwest 55148 8.1 15.4 15.2 14.7
South 72775 10.7 18.7 18.5 18.1
West 51763 13.8 20.0 19.9 19.1
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 166820 9.0 18.1 18.0 17.5
18 to 24 years old 20741 14.6 17.0 16.8 15.9
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 4666 22.8 25.9 25.7 24.1
25 years old and over 146080 8.2 18.3 18.1 17.7
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 22949 21.2 44.5 44.1 43.2
High school graduate, no college 48970 8.5 19.9 19.7 19.3
College: Less than bachelor's degree 36367 5.4 12.5 12.4 12.1
Bachelor's degree or more 37793 2.6 5.8 5.8 5.6
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 131717 8.8 11.9 11.8 11.3
Worked at full-time jobs 93252 4.3 5.1 5.0 4.6
50 to 52 weeks 78128 2.6 3.0 2.9 2.6
Worked at part-time jobs 16722 11.8 15.4 15.2 14.8
Did not work 21744 25.6 38.2 38.0 37.3
107/27/99 309
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 11705 49.7 67.2 66.6 66.0
AFDC or other non-SSI 5758 64.9 78.1 77.2 76.2
SSI 6885 38.8 61.1 60.8 60.6
Food stamps 12163 65.1 77.2 76.5 75.1
Housing assistance 6205 54.3 72.6 71.8 70.8
Energy assistance 3867 56.7 78.3 77.6 76.0
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 23166 38.9 45.0 44.5 42.5
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 6560 69.5 84.7 84.2 83.6
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 143598 3.1 5.6 5.6 4.9
Medicare 31172 10.2 48.9 48.5 48.2
Also Medicaid 3345 32.5 70.1 69.8 69.1
Medicaid 18131 46.7 61.7 61.2 60.3
Not covered 33356 23.8 27.6 27.3 27.0
107/27/99 310
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 18.0 18.2 16.8 16.9 10.2
Age
Under 18 years 17.4 17.4 14.7 14.8 13.5
Related children 16.7 16.7 14.1 14.2 12.8
Under 6 years 18.6 18.6 15.4 15.5 14.6
18 to 24 years 17.3 17.6 16.1 16.3 14.3
25 to 44 years 11.2 11.3 9.9 10.0 8.5
45 to 64 years 11.8 12.0 11.6 11.7 7.3
65 years and over 46.8 47.0 46.9 47.0 9.6
65 to 74 years 39.3 39.5 39.3 39.5 8.0
75 years and over 55.8 55.9 55.9 56.0 11.5
Family Relationship
In families 14.9 15.0 13.4 13.5 8.2
Married-couple families 11.4 11.5 10.4 10.5 5.3
With related children under 18 9.0 9.0 7.3 7.4 6.3
Female hhlder, no husband present 35.9 36.2 32.1 32.3 26.4
With related children under 18 41.3 41.4 35.9 36.1 33.2
Unrelated individuals 33.8 34.1 34.0 34.3 19.3
Living alone 37.1 37.4 37.4 37.6 16.1
65 years and over 66.0 66.0 66.0 66.3 18.1
107/27/99 311
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 16.9 17.0 15.7 15.9 9.7
Inside central cities 22.3 22.4 20.7 20.8 14.3
Outside central cities 14.4 14.5 13.5 13.6 7.5
Outside metropolitan areas 22.5 22.6 21.0 21.2 12.1
Region
Northeast 17.1 17.3 16.3 16.4 9.6
Midwest 15.4 15.5 14.6 14.8 7.9
South 19.1 19.2 17.6 17.7 10.2
West 20.3 20.4 18.5 18.6 12.9
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 18.3 18.4 17.5 17.7 9.0
18 to 24 years old 17.3 17.6 16.1 16.3 14.3
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 26.5 26.9 24.3 24.4 22.1
25 years old and over 18.4 18.6 17.8 17.9 8.3
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 44.8 45.2 43.5 43.7 21.8
High school graduate, no college 20.0 20.2 19.2 19.3 8.4
College: Less than bachelor's degree 12.6 12.7 12.1 12.1 5.4
Bachelor's degree or more 5.9 6.0 5.7 5.8 2.7
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 12.1 12.3 11.2 11.3 8.7
Worked at full-time jobs 5.3 5.5 4.5 4.6 3.9
50 to 52 weeks 3.1 3.2 2.5 2.6 2.3
Worked at part-time jobs 15.9 16.2 14.9 15.0 12.0
Did not work 38.2 38.5 37.1 37.3 26.6
107/27/99 312
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 67.8 68.0 64.5 64.8 57.9
AFDC or other non-SSI 78.6 79.0 73.6 73.8 69.2
SSI 61.7 61.9 60.2 60.6 51.2
Food stamps 78.0 78.1 71.2 71.6 64.7
Housing assistance 72.1 72.1 67.9 68.0 55.0
Energy assistance 78.4 78.7 73.8 74.0 59.4
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 45.7 45.8 39.0 39.3 35.5
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 85.7 85.8 81.4 81.5 76.5
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 5.2 5.3 4.6 4.7 2.2
Medicare 48.7 48.9 48.7 48.8 11.3
Also Medicaid 70.1 70.5 69.9 70.0 40.9
Medicaid 62.5 62.7 57.7 58.0 48.5
Not covered 29.5 29.9 26.7 27.0 23.2
107/27/99 313
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 9.9 9.9 9.2 8.8 8.0
Age
Under 18 years 13.4 13.4 12.6 11.8 10.3
Related children 12.8 12.7 12.0 11.3 9.8
Under 6 years 14.6 14.5 13.8 13.0 11.3
18 to 24 years 14.2 14.2 13.7 13.3 12.6
25 to 44 years 8.3 8.3 7.8 7.4 6.8
45 to 64 years 7.0 7.0 6.4 6.1 5.7
65 years and over 8.5 8.5 7.8 7.7 7.1
65 to 74 years 6.9 6.9 6.1 6.0 5.5
75 years and over 10.3 10.3 9.7 9.7 9.0
Family Relationship
In families 8.0 8.0 7.4 7.0 6.3
Married-couple families 5.1 5.1 4.7 4.5 4.0
With related children under 18 6.2 6.2 5.8 5.5 4.8
Female hhlder, no husband present 26.0 26.0 23.8 22.6 19.8
With related children under 18 33.1 33.1 30.7 29.1 25.3
Unrelated individuals 18.5 18.5 17.8 17.3 16.3
Living alone 15.2 15.2 14.4 14.1 12.7
65 years and over 16.3 16.3 15.4 15.2 13.5
107/27/99 314
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 9.4 9.4 8.7 8.4 7.6
Inside central cities 13.9 13.9 12.8 12.2 10.9
Outside central cities 7.3 7.3 6.8 6.6 6.1
Outside metropolitan areas 11.7 11.7 11.1 10.6 9.6
Region
Northeast 9.1 9.1 8.2 7.8 6.9
Midwest 7.7 7.7 7.3 7.1 6.2
South 9.9 9.9 9.4 9.1 8.4
West 12.7 12.7 11.9 11.3 10.3
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 8.7 8.7 8.1 7.8 7.2
18 to 24 years old 14.2 14.2 13.7 13.3 12.6
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 22.0 22.0 21.0 20.0 18.5
25 years old and over 7.9 7.9 7.3 7.0 6.5
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 20.5 20.5 18.7 18.0 16.1
High school graduate, no college 8.1 8.1 7.6 7.3 6.8
College: Less than bachelor's degree 5.2 5.2 4.8 4.6 4.3
Bachelor's degree or more 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 8.5 8.5 7.9 7.6 7.0
Worked at full-time jobs 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.3
50 to 52 weeks 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9
Worked at part-time jobs 11.8 11.8 11.1 10.7 9.9
Did not work 25.7 25.7 23.6 22.6 20.9
107/27/99 315
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 55.5 55.5 44.0 39.8 32.8
AFDC or other non-SSI 68.5 68.5 58.1 52.9 43.3
SSI 47.5 47.5 34.1 29.5 24.6
Food stamps 62.9 62.9 56.1 51.2 40.4
Housing assistance 51.9 51.9 46.0 41.1 26.4
Energy assistance 57.0 57.0 50.2 46.3 37.4
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 35.2 35.2 32.7 30.2 25.5
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 74.5 74.5 62.0 55.8 44.3
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.9
Medicare 9.7 9.7 8.7 8.6 7.8
Also Medicaid 33.5 33.5 25.2 24.3 19.7
Medicaid 46.8 46.8 40.3 36.2 30.3
Not covered 22.9 22.9 22.6 22.2 21.0
107/27/99 316
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 7.3 8.4 11.3 9.9
Age
Under 18 years 10.0 10.9 16.3 13.4
Related children 9.4 10.3 15.6 12.8
Under 6 years 11.0 12.1 18.1 14.7
18 to 24 years 12.3 13.0 15.8 14.3
25 to 44 years 6.6 7.1 9.8 8.4
45 to 64 years 4.8 6.0 7.2 6.9
65 years and over 4.9 7.5 8.9 8.8
65 to 74 years 3.8 5.9 7.3 7.2
75 years and over 6.3 9.4 10.8 10.7
Family Relationship
In families 5.8 6.6 9.6 8.0
Married-couple families 3.6 4.3 6.4 5.3
With related children under 18 4.5 5.2 8.4 6.6
Female hhlder, no husband present 19.1 20.4 29.2 24.8
With related children under 18 24.7 26.0 37.8 31.9
Unrelated individuals 14.5 17.0 19.0 19.0
Living alone 10.0 12.8 15.6 15.5
65 years and over 8.7 13.5 17.1 17.1
107/27/99 317
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 7.1 8.0 10.8 9.4
Inside central cities 10.5 11.3 15.7 13.8
Outside central cities 5.5 6.4 8.5 7.4
Outside metropolitan areas 8.4 10.2 13.4 11.9
Region
Northeast 6.4 7.2 10.2 9.0
Midwest 5.6 6.5 8.8 7.8
South 7.6 8.8 11.5 10.0
West 9.7 10.8 14.7 12.9
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 6.5 7.6 9.6 8.7
18 to 24 years old 12.3 13.0 15.8 14.3
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 17.9 19.6 24.9 21.8
25 years old and over 5.6 6.8 8.8 8.0
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 13.8 17.1 22.2 20.5
High school graduate, no college 5.9 7.1 9.1 8.2
College: Less than bachelor's degree 3.8 4.5 5.9 5.3
Bachelor's degree or more 2.1 2.4 2.9 2.7
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 6.5 7.3 9.5 8.5
Worked at full-time jobs 3.1 3.4 5.0 4.1
50 to 52 weeks 1.8 1.9 3.2 2.4
Worked at part-time jobs 9.3 10.2 12.9 11.7
Did not work 19.2 22.1 26.3 24.9
107/27/99 318
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 30.8 36.2 50.6 46.4
AFDC or other non-SSI 42.3 47.2 66.5 59.9
SSI 21.9 27.7 38.7 36.8
Food stamps 38.5 43.5 66.9 59.7
Housing assistance 26.4 28.6 55.9 50.9
Energy assistance 33.0 40.3 60.0 53.9
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 24.3 26.9 41.7 34.8
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 42.5 48.8 71.1 64.8
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 1.7 1.9 3.5 2.8
Medicare 5.6 8.5 10.2 10.1
Also Medicaid 14.4 22.3 32.7 32.4
Medicaid 28.4 33.6 48.2 43.0
Not covered 19.8 21.3 26.1 23.0
107/27/99 319
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 23454 39801 39430 38204 40221 40523 37506 37755 22635
Age
Under 18 years 8443 9559 9485 9017 9730 9747 8229 8285 7543
Related children 7935 9028 8956 8509 9200 9216 7759 7815 7083
Under 6 years 3055 3324 3300 3135 3386 3388 2808 2825 2666
18 to 24 years 3023 3522 3475 3300 3591 3645 3340 3382 2960
25 to 44 years 6077 7379 7320 6956 7573 7672 6716 6776 5748
45 to 64 years 3356 5822 5742 5601 5858 5947 5740 5792 3618
65 years and over 2555 13519 13407 13330 13468 13511 13480 13519 2766
65 to 74 years 1135 6195 6125 6065 6154 6177 6152 6172 1259
75 years and over 1420 7324 7282 7265 7314 7335 7328 7347 1507
Family Relationship
In families 16549 27396 27098 26005 27661 27860 24957 25102 15310
Married-couple families 8913 17381 17132 16376 17510 17634 15942 16047 8065
With related children under 18 6993 8242 8102 7485 8445 8476 6853 6920 5945
Female hhlder, no husband present 6674 8587 8541 8268 8701 8763 7773 7813 6383
With related children under 18 6221 7102 7081 6846 7194 7213 6259 6297 5791
Unrelated individuals 6386 11851 11778 11679 12011 12114 12093 12196 6880
Living alone 3315 8218 8178 8138 8247 8312 8298 8358 3573
65 years and over 1497 5771 5747 5739 5766 5767 5767 5790 1582
107/27/99 320
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 17781 29751 29413 28443 29908 30157 27867 28054 17091
Inside central cities 8326 12415 12308 11884 12497 12562 11572 11641 8030
Outside central cities 9455 17336 17106 16559 17412 17595 16295 16413 9061
Outside metropolitan areas 5673 10051 10016 9761 10312 10366 9639 9700 5544
Region
Northeast 4081 7329 7237 6996 7364 7457 7023 7083 4122
Midwest 4475 8488 8410 8134 8474 8561 8066 8144 4374
South 7761 13609 13498 13202 13884 13971 12838 12915 7441
West 7137 10376 10284 9872 10499 10534 9578 9613 6698
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 15011 30243 29944 29187 30490 30776 29277 29469 15092
18 to 24 years old 3023 3522 3475 3300 3591 3645 3340 3382 2960
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1063 1209 1201 1124 1235 1254 1132 1138 1030
25 years old and over 11988 26720 26469 25887 26899 27131 25936 26087 12132
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 4861 10208 10124 9920 10289 10383 9975 10033 5009
High school graduate, no college 4155 9750 9662 9435 9796 9869 9402 9459 4132
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1972 4559 4496 4400 4594 4627 4388 4415 1973
Bachelor's degree or more 1000 2204 2187 2132 2220 2251 2171 2179 1018
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 11561 15673 15489 14864 15930 16159 14790 14937 11436
Worked at full-time jobs 4005 4789 4696 4272 4949 5085 4229 4311 3640
50 to 52 weeks 2023 2333 2283 2032 2461 2536 1966 2010 1762
Worked at part-time jobs 1981 2569 2538 2478 2666 2707 2487 2516 2006
Did not work 5576 8314 8255 8115 8315 8367 8075 8109 5790
107/27/99 321
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 5817 7869 7800 7731 7930 7959 7552 7586 6771
AFDC or other non-SSI 3734 4495 4445 4390 4527 4547 4236 4250 3983
SSI 2669 4205 4184 4170 4250 4264 4146 4170 3525
Food stamps 7921 9388 9304 9134 9489 9502 8660 8709 7873
Housing assistance 3372 4504 4457 4395 4471 4475 4212 4222 3416
Energy assistance 2194 3030 3001 2937 3033 3043 2852 2863 2298
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 9014 10421 10312 9845 10592 10601 9039 9116 8235
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 4560 5559 5525 5484 5621 5627 5343 5349 5020
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 4383 8077 8010 6969 7488 7562 6616 6679 3223
Medicare 3184 15245 15126 15038 15182 15231 15174 15226 3530
Also Medicaid 1087 2344 2335 2312 2345 2358 2339 2342 1369
Medicaid 8470 11192 11104 10926 11326 11365 10464 10508 8794
Not covered 7922 9203 9091 9014 9844 9967 8911 9010 7726
107/27/99 322
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 21973 21953 20558 19678 17865 16368 18734 25212 22119
Age
Under 18 years 7494 7482 7044 6635 5786 5577 6097 9130 7533
Related children 7034 7022 6589 6206 5387 5178 5662 8602 7066
Under 6 years 2653 2651 2518 2369 2063 2004 2203 3296 2682
18 to 24 years 2950 2950 2845 2758 2611 2555 2695 3287 2965
25 to 44 years 5639 5630 5287 5037 4610 4455 4830 6664 5687
45 to 64 years 3457 3457 3149 3034 2804 2365 2950 3581 3395
65 years and over 2434 2434 2233 2215 2054 1416 2162 2551 2539
65 to 74 years 1082 1082 958 945 868 589 931 1139 1130
75 years and over 1352 1352 1275 1270 1186 827 1231 1412 1410
Family Relationship
In families 14949 14928 13801 13099 11692 10838 12273 17892 14922
Married-couple families 7803 7791 7261 6888 6211 5567 6644 9809 8096
With related children under 18 5848 5837 5487 5150 4506 4210 4877 7870 6177
Female hhlder, no husband present 6295 6286 5770 5483 4791 4622 4930 7064 5995
With related children under 18 5769 5760 5355 5073 4401 4307 4533 6587 5556
Unrelated individuals 6580 6580 6319 6167 5803 5160 6049 6773 6749
Living alone 3367 3367 3195 3140 2818 2217 2852 3461 3447
65 years and over 1421 1421 1345 1330 1183 763 1184 1496 1496
107/27/99 323
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 16596 16584 15452 14811 13471 12524 14077 19074 16675
Inside central cities 7791 7791 7194 6816 6078 5866 6348 8795 7743
Outside central cities 8805 8793 8258 7995 7392 6658 7728 10278 8932
Outside metropolitan areas 5378 5369 5107 4867 4395 3845 4657 6138 5444
Region
Northeast 3936 3929 3532 3356 2979 2774 3126 4413 3883
Midwest 4274 4268 4041 3890 3439 3085 3603 4841 4303
South 7194 7191 6823 6602 6134 5511 6416 8339 7282
West 6570 6564 6162 5830 5314 4998 5589 7619 6652
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 14479 14471 13514 13043 12079 10792 12637 16082 14586
18 to 24 years old 2950 2950 2845 2758 2611 2555 2695 3287 2965
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1026 1026 981 934 866 836 915 1162 1018
25 years old and over 11529 11521 10669 10285 9468 8237 9941 12795 11621
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 4701 4696 4301 4135 3697 3158 3928 5100 4709
High school graduate, no college 3967 3964 3697 3568 3318 2879 3468 4446 3992
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1878 1877 1741 1671 1565 1388 1634 2149 1910
Bachelor's degree or more 984 984 930 910 888 811 911 1101 1010
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 11158 11149 10421 9999 9244 8616 9665 12552 11163
Worked at full-time jobs 3601 3598 3424 3295 3039 2883 3148 4665 3785
50 to 52 weeks 1731 1728 1643 1581 1455 1372 1509 2473 1860
Worked at part-time jobs 1969 1966 1858 1789 1658 1558 1711 2159 1964
Did not work 5587 5586 5140 4915 4547 4174 4806 5728 5415
107/27/99 324
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 6499 6499 5155 4656 3835 3603 4234 5924 5431
AFDC or other non-SSI 3943 3943 3346 3047 2492 2434 2719 3827 3447
SSI 3272 3272 2350 2030 1696 1505 1906 2667 2537
Food stamps 7655 7655 6823 6232 4914 4688 5295 8143 7263
Housing assistance 3221 3221 2851 2553 1639 1639 1772 3466 3160
Energy assistance 2203 2203 1939 1788 1445 1274 1557 2322 2084
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 8154 8148 7567 7007 5901 5632 6240 9655 8052
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 4889 4889 4070 3661 2907 2789 3199 4664 4253
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 3167 3166 3082 3013 2740 2469 2798 4977 3969
Medicare 3033 3033 2708 2675 2430 1740 2637 3184 3160
Also Medicaid 1121 1121 845 812 659 481 747 1094 1085
Medicaid 8490 8488 7305 6570 5494 5158 6094 8744 7792
Not covered 7652 7636 7530 7414 6998 6595 7112 8696 7663