07/27/99 289
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 271059 12.7 20.1 19.9 19.3
Age
Under 18 years 71338 18.9 21.5 21.4 20.4
Related children 70253 18.3 21.0 20.9 19.8
Under 6 years 23160 20.6 22.7 22.5 21.5
18 to 24 years 25967 16.6 19.6 19.4 18.5
25 to 44 years 83218 10.4 12.7 12.6 12.0
45 to 64 years 58141 8.0 13.3 13.1 12.8
65 years and over 32394 10.5 48.2 47.8 47.5
65 to 74 years 17843 9.1 41.3 40.8 40.5
75 years and over 14551 12.2 56.6 56.3 56.2
Family Relationship
In families 227229 11.2 17.2 17.0 16.3
Married-couple families 177042 6.2 11.7 11.6 11.0
With related children under 18 110595 7.9 9.5 9.4 8.6
Female hhlder, no husband present 39000 33.1 41.6 41.4 40.1
With related children under 18 29200 40.9 47.1 47.0 45.4
Unrelated individuals 42539 19.9 34.4 34.2 34.0
Living alone 26669 17.2 37.7 37.6 37.4
65 years and over 9753 19.6 67.3 67.0 66.8
107/27/99 290
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 218992 12.3 19.2 19.0 18.4
Inside central cities 80761 18.5 26.2 26.1 25.2
Outside central cities 138231 8.7 15.1 14.9 14.4
Outside metropolitan areas 52068 14.4 23.8 23.7 23.0
Region
Northeast 51742 12.3 20.0 19.8 19.1
Midwest 63155 10.3 17.7 17.6 16.9
South 94640 13.7 21.4 21.3 20.8
West 61522 14.0 20.4 20.2 19.4
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 199721 10.5 19.5 19.4 18.9
18 to 24 years old 25967 16.6 19.6 19.4 18.5
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 5970 25.5 29.7 29.6 28.1
25 years old and over 173754 9.6 19.5 19.4 18.9
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 28841 23.4 45.8 45.5 44.6
High school graduate, no college 57935 10.1 21.2 21.0 20.4
College: Less than bachelor's degree 43175 6.5 13.3 13.2 12.9
Bachelor's degree or more 43803 3.0 6.1 6.1 5.9
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 159417 10.3 13.7 13.6 13.1
Worked at full-time jobs 111569 4.8 5.8 5.7 5.2
50 to 52 weeks 93132 2.9 3.4 3.3 2.9
Worked at part-time jobs 19905 13.8 18.0 17.8 17.4
Did not work 27943 29.3 42.2 42.0 41.3
107/27/99 291
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 19476 52.2 69.6 69.1 68.5
AFDC or other non-SSI 10124 67.2 79.8 79.1 78.2
SSI 11086 40.7 63.2 63.0 62.7
Food stamps 20368 66.0 77.8 77.3 75.9
Housing assistance 11429 59.6 75.0 74.3 73.4
Energy assistance 5894 60.4 79.6 79.0 77.2
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 35081 42.2 49.4 49.1 46.8
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 11540 71.0 85.6 85.2 84.5
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 168451 3.6 6.1 6.0 5.1
Medicare 35884 12.5 50.6 50.2 49.9
Also Medicaid 4642 36.8 71.6 71.5 70.7
Medicaid 27647 50.6 65.3 64.9 63.8
Not covered 43936 25.4 29.8 29.5 29.3
107/27/99 292
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 20.2 20.4 18.9 19.0 12.4
Age
Under 18 years 21.7 21.8 18.7 18.9 17.1
Related children 21.2 21.2 18.2 18.3 16.5
Under 6 years 23.0 23.0 19.5 19.6 18.4
18 to 24 years 20.0 20.2 18.6 18.8 16.4
25 to 44 years 13.0 13.2 11.7 11.8 10.0
45 to 64 years 13.4 13.6 13.1 13.2 8.7
65 years and over 48.0 48.2 48.0 48.2 11.5
65 to 74 years 41.1 41.2 41.0 41.1 10.2
75 years and over 56.6 56.7 56.7 56.8 13.2
Family Relationship
In families 17.3 17.4 15.7 15.8 10.5
Married-couple families 11.8 11.9 10.7 10.8 5.7
With related children under 18 9.7 9.7 8.0 8.0 6.8
Female hhlder, no husband present 41.9 42.2 37.8 37.9 32.0
With related children under 18 47.3 47.5 41.9 42.0 38.3
Unrelated individuals 34.9 35.2 35.1 35.4 21.5
Living alone 37.9 38.2 38.2 38.4 18.6
65 years and over 67.2 67.2 67.2 67.4 20.8
107/27/99 293
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 19.3 19.4 18.0 18.1 12.0
Inside central cities 26.4 26.5 24.6 24.7 18.3
Outside central cities 15.1 15.3 14.1 14.2 8.3
Outside metropolitan areas 24.4 24.5 22.7 22.8 14.0
Region
Northeast 20.0 20.2 18.9 19.1 12.4
Midwest 17.7 17.8 16.7 16.9 10.0
South 21.8 22.0 20.2 20.3 13.2
West 20.6 20.7 19.0 19.0 13.6
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 19.7 19.9 18.9 19.0 10.7
18 to 24 years old 20.0 20.2 18.6 18.8 16.4
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 30.2 30.5 28.1 28.2 25.3
25 years old and over 19.7 19.8 18.9 19.0 9.9
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 46.3 46.7 45.0 45.2 24.6
High school graduate, no college 21.3 21.5 20.4 20.5 10.1
College: Less than bachelor's degree 13.5 13.6 12.8 12.9 6.5
Bachelor's degree or more 6.1 6.2 6.0 6.0 3.0
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 14.0 14.1 13.0 13.1 10.3
Worked at full-time jobs 6.0 6.2 5.1 5.2 4.4
50 to 52 weeks 3.5 3.6 2.8 2.9 2.5
Worked at part-time jobs 18.8 19.0 17.6 17.8 14.3
Did not work 42.2 42.5 41.2 41.4 30.8
107/27/99 294
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 69.9 70.1 67.5 67.7 61.2
AFDC or other non-SSI 80.0 80.3 76.4 76.6 72.1
SSI 63.6 63.9 62.6 62.9 54.2
Food stamps 78.3 78.6 72.8 73.1 66.6
Housing assistance 74.8 74.9 70.0 70.2 60.2
Energy assistance 79.8 80.1 75.3 75.5 63.3
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 49.7 49.9 43.3 43.6 39.0
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 86.2 86.3 83.3 83.3 78.2
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 5.6 5.6 4.8 4.9 2.5
Medicare 50.4 50.6 50.3 50.5 14.0
Also Medicaid 71.7 72.1 71.4 71.5 46.1
Medicaid 65.8 65.9 61.3 61.6 53.1
Not covered 31.8 32.2 29.0 29.3 24.9
107/27/99 295
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 12.0 12.0 11.2 10.6 9.5
Age
Under 18 years 16.9 16.9 15.9 14.8 12.9
Related children 16.4 16.3 15.3 14.3 12.4
Under 6 years 18.3 18.3 17.4 16.3 14.3
18 to 24 years 16.3 16.3 15.6 15.0 14.0
25 to 44 years 9.8 9.8 9.2 8.7 7.8
45 to 64 years 8.2 8.2 7.5 7.2 6.5
65 years and over 10.0 10.0 9.1 9.0 8.2
65 to 74 years 8.6 8.6 7.7 7.6 6.9
75 years and over 11.7 11.7 10.8 10.7 9.9
Family Relationship
In families 10.2 10.2 9.4 8.9 7.8
Married-couple families 5.4 5.4 5.0 4.7 4.2
With related children under 18 6.6 6.6 6.2 5.7 5.0
Female hhlder, no husband present 31.5 31.5 28.9 27.2 23.5
With related children under 18 38.1 38.0 35.3 33.2 28.5
Unrelated individuals 20.5 20.5 19.6 19.1 17.7
Living alone 17.5 17.5 16.6 16.2 14.4
65 years and over 18.7 18.7 17.6 17.3 15.4
107/27/99 296
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 11.6 11.6 10.8 10.2 9.1
Inside central cities 17.7 17.7 16.2 15.1 13.3
Outside central cities 8.1 8.1 7.6 7.3 6.7
Outside metropolitan areas 13.6 13.6 12.9 12.3 11.0
Region
Northeast 11.8 11.8 10.7 10.0 8.7
Midwest 9.8 9.7 9.2 8.7 7.6
South 12.8 12.8 12.1 11.6 10.6
West 13.2 13.2 12.2 11.5 10.5
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 10.2 10.2 9.5 9.1 8.3
18 to 24 years old 16.3 16.3 15.6 15.0 14.0
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 25.2 25.2 23.8 22.4 20.7
25 years old and over 9.3 9.3 8.6 8.2 7.5
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 23.0 23.0 21.0 20.0 17.7
High school graduate, no college 9.7 9.7 9.0 8.6 7.8
College: Less than bachelor's degree 6.2 6.2 5.7 5.5 5.0
Bachelor's degree or more 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.6
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 10.0 10.0 9.3 8.9 8.1
Worked at full-time jobs 4.4 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.5
50 to 52 weeks 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.0
Worked at part-time jobs 14.0 14.0 13.1 12.6 11.4
Did not work 29.7 29.7 27.2 25.9 23.7
107/27/99 297
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 58.6 58.6 47.6 42.7 35.2
AFDC or other non-SSI 71.2 71.2 62.2 56.4 46.5
SSI 50.3 50.3 36.7 31.1 25.2
Food stamps 64.9 64.9 58.5 53.1 42.0
Housing assistance 57.5 57.5 52.2 46.8 32.4
Energy assistance 61.2 61.1 54.9 49.1 40.1
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 38.4 38.3 35.5 32.7 27.4
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 76.2 76.2 65.1 58.0 46.5
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.1
Medicare 11.9 11.9 10.6 10.4 9.3
Also Medicaid 37.9 37.9 29.3 28.2 22.2
Medicaid 51.3 51.3 44.6 39.9 33.2
Not covered 24.7 24.6 24.2 23.8 22.3
107/27/99 298
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 8.8 10.0 13.6 12.0
Age
Under 18 years 12.5 13.6 20.2 17.0
Related children 12.0 13.0 19.6 16.4
Under 6 years 14.0 15.2 22.1 18.5
18 to 24 years 13.7 14.5 18.1 16.3
25 to 44 years 7.5 8.2 11.4 9.9
45 to 64 years 5.6 7.0 8.5 8.1
65 years and over 5.8 8.7 10.5 10.4
65 to 74 years 4.9 7.5 9.1 9.0
75 years and over 6.9 10.3 12.1 12.1
Family Relationship
In families 7.4 8.2 12.0 10.2
Married-couple families 3.8 4.6 6.8 5.7
With related children under 18 4.7 5.4 8.9 7.1
Female hhlder, no husband present 22.8 24.3 35.0 30.0
With related children under 18 27.8 29.4 43.2 36.7
Unrelated individuals 15.8 18.6 21.1 21.0
Living alone 11.6 14.7 17.9 17.9
65 years and over 9.9 15.4 19.6 19.6
107/27/99 299
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 8.6 9.6 13.2 11.6
Inside central cities 12.8 14.0 19.6 17.5
Outside central cities 6.2 7.0 9.4 8.2
Outside metropolitan areas 9.7 11.7 15.5 13.7
Region
Northeast 8.3 9.2 13.3 11.7
Midwest 7.0 8.1 11.0 9.9
South 9.6 11.1 14.7 12.9
West 9.9 11.0 15.0 13.2
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 7.5 8.7 11.3 10.3
18 to 24 years old 13.7 14.5 18.1 16.3
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 20.2 21.8 27.9 24.6
25 years old and over 6.6 7.9 10.3 9.4
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 15.3 19.0 24.7 22.9
High school graduate, no college 6.9 8.2 10.8 9.7
College: Less than bachelor's degree 4.5 5.3 7.1 6.3
Bachelor's degree or more 2.3 2.7 3.3 3.0
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 7.6 8.5 11.1 10.0
Worked at full-time jobs 3.4 3.7 5.6 4.6
50 to 52 weeks 1.9 2.0 3.5 2.6
Worked at part-time jobs 10.8 11.8 15.3 13.8
Did not work 22.0 25.3 30.2 28.8
107/27/99 300
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 33.6 38.8 53.4 49.7
AFDC or other non-SSI 45.8 50.1 69.0 63.6
SSI 22.9 29.1 41.1 39.3
Food stamps 40.5 45.3 68.0 61.6
Housing assistance 32.4 35.0 61.3 56.1
Energy assistance 36.2 42.9 63.9 58.3
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 26.3 29.1 45.0 37.8
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 45.1 51.2 72.9 67.6
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 1.9 2.2 4.1 3.2
Medicare 6.8 10.2 12.6 12.4
Also Medicaid 16.8 25.6 37.2 36.7
Medicaid 31.5 36.6 52.2 47.0
Not covered 21.1 22.7 27.8 24.6
107/27/99 301
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 34476 54356 53961 52213 54878 55271 51118 51431 33563
Age
Under 18 years 13467 15365 15293 14547 15505 15533 13369 13448 12183
Related children 12845 14721 14651 13932 14865 14893 12791 12870 11615
Under 6 years 4775 5252 5223 4977 5319 5321 4513 4548 4264
18 to 24 years 4312 5078 5030 4816 5188 5252 4839 4891 4264
25 to 44 years 8664 10572 10509 9997 10827 10978 9707 9789 8353
45 to 64 years 4647 7736 7644 7459 7797 7901 7639 7699 5034
65 years and over 3386 15604 15484 15394 15561 15607 15565 15604 3729
65 to 74 years 1616 7365 7289 7218 7329 7354 7320 7340 1814
75 years and over 1770 8239 8196 8176 8232 8253 8245 8264 1915
Family Relationship
In families 25370 39050 38736 37147 39364 39630 35608 35796 23860
Married-couple families 10982 20734 20483 19486 20890 21017 18991 19122 10009
With related children under 18 8710 10498 10365 9513 10727 10759 8807 8889 7490
Female hhlder, no husband present 12907 16212 16157 15651 16328 16450 14735 14782 12482
With related children under 18 11950 13764 13734 13265 13804 13875 12230 12276 11193
Unrelated individuals 8478 14643 14563 14445 14859 14985 14952 15077 9156
Living alone 4596 10064 10019 9965 10114 10197 10177 10246 4954
65 years and over 1914 6559 6530 6517 6549 6554 6554 6577 2029
107/27/99 302
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 26997 41978 41615 40216 42195 42529 39324 39554 26285
Inside central cities 14921 21150 21040 20358 21300 21439 19878 19966 14747
Outside central cities 12076 20827 20575 19858 20896 21090 19446 19587 11539
Outside metropolitan areas 7479 12378 12346 11997 12683 12741 11794 11877 7277
Region
Northeast 6357 10334 10231 9902 10368 10463 9785 9861 6399
Midwest 6501 11182 11103 10675 11164 11266 10555 10648 6325
South 12992 20296 20195 19679 20678 20825 19120 19216 12484
West 8625 12545 12432 11957 12669 12717 11659 11706 8354
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 21009 38991 38668 37665 39373 39738 37750 37983 21380
18 to 24 years old 4312 5078 5030 4816 5188 5252 4839 4891 4264
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1523 1771 1766 1678 1804 1823 1675 1683 1513
25 years old and over 16697 33913 33638 32849 34186 34486 32911 33092 17116
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 6763 13213 13121 12876 13357 13473 12970 13032 7103
High school graduate, no college 5845 12271 12166 11836 12325 12431 11803 11874 5862
College: Less than bachelor's degree 2788 5753 5699 5559 5813 5856 5511 5548 2816
Bachelor's degree or more 1301 2675 2652 2579 2690 2726 2627 2638 1335
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 16347 21876 21676 20831 22250 22551 20747 20932 16380
Worked at full-time jobs 5395 6489 6389 5825 6711 6879 5729 5835 4914
50 to 52 weeks 2684 3123 3075 2715 3288 3390 2594 2659 2289
Worked at part-time jobs 2752 3584 3549 3471 3737 3792 3499 3534 2845
Did not work 8200 11803 11738 11535 11802 11880 11519 11563 8620
107/27/99 303
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 10164 13554 13460 13331 13610 13650 13142 13177 11911
AFDC or other non-SSI 6802 8079 8003 7913 8103 8134 7739 7754 7297
SSI 4514 7010 6987 6949 7055 7080 6945 6971 6003
Food stamps 13451 15837 15739 15460 15948 16006 14828 14898 13564
Housing assistance 6814 8567 8487 8388 8550 8556 8000 8019 6882
Energy assistance 3563 4693 4654 4552 4701 4724 4438 4449 3731
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 14803 17343 17233 16419 17447 17501 15203 15300 13667
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 8192 9879 9828 9755 9944 9960 9610 9617 9028
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 5998 10208 10151 8657 9381 9469 8125 8207 4291
Medicare 4492 18151 18024 17907 18102 18163 18060 18112 5025
Also Medicaid 1708 3326 3317 3282 3330 3345 3313 3317 2142
Medicaid 13996 18041 17942 17650 18183 18230 16952 17020 14674
Not covered 11151 13084 12962 12862 13971 14151 12750 12875 10961
107/27/99 304
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 32515 32491 30276 28758 25787 23901 27120 36947 32609
Age
Under 18 years 12063 12048 11307 10581 9197 8921 9669 14413 12103
Related children 11495 11481 10745 10054 8700 8424 9127 13769 11528
Under 6 years 4240 4238 4021 3777 3313 3245 3522 5130 4281
18 to 24 years 4239 4238 4060 3896 3637 3570 3773 4695 4233
25 to 44 years 8194 8184 7621 7221 6482 6283 6790 9487 8199
45 to 64 years 4781 4781 4349 4158 3798 3250 4054 4957 4707
65 years and over 3240 3240 2938 2901 2672 1876 2834 3394 3366
65 to 74 years 1543 1543 1367 1347 1235 872 1331 1628 1606
75 years and over 1696 1696 1571 1554 1437 1004 1503 1767 1760
Family Relationship
In families 23243 23219 21386 20145 17778 16703 18678 27314 23113
Married-couple families 9614 9603 8901 8389 7524 6814 8103 12106 10124
With related children under 18 7294 7283 6814 6341 5535 5219 6026 9802 7838
Female hhlder, no husband present 12303 12290 11254 10598 9163 8880 9474 13631 11686
With related children under 18 11122 11109 10319 9685 8308 8131 8596 12600 10716
Unrelated individuals 8725 8725 8350 8111 7550 6739 7928 8972 8946
Living alone 4674 4674 4431 4320 3839 3085 3917 4781 4767
65 years and over 1819 1819 1715 1692 1498 966 1502 1912 1912
107/27/99 305
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 25436 25420 23585 22350 20037 18872 21028 28901 25481
Inside central cities 14263 14260 13095 12232 10717 10364 11290 15852 14108
Outside central cities 11172 11161 10490 10118 9320 8508 9739 13050 11373
Outside metropolitan areas 7079 7071 6691 6407 5750 5029 6092 8045 7129
Region
Northeast 6131 6125 5535 5163 4496 4270 4755 6880 6065
Midwest 6158 6152 5788 5502 4830 4435 5137 6969 6228
South 12079 12073 11441 10993 10025 9127 10476 13899 12221
West 8147 8141 7511 7099 6436 6069 6753 9199 8095
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 20452 20442 18968 18176 16590 14980 17451 22534 20506
18 to 24 years old 4239 4238 4060 3896 3637 3570 3773 4695 4233
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1507 1506 1422 1340 1236 1204 1304 1665 1470
25 years old and over 16214 16205 14908 14280 12953 11410 13678 17839 16273
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 6625 6621 6043 5779 5107 4424 5471 7113 6600
High school graduate, no college 5619 5616 5190 4972 4546 4013 4772 6238 5642
College: Less than bachelor's degree 2688 2686 2472 2364 2175 1948 2272 3056 2712
Bachelor's degree or more 1281 1281 1203 1165 1125 1025 1163 1431 1318
Work Experience in 1998
Total, 20 to 64 years 15951 15942 14817 14117 12846 12057 13493 17743 15882
Worked at full-time jobs 4861 4858 4586 4367 3947 3768 4083 6280 5090
50 to 52 weeks 2243 2240 2116 2018 1823 1731 1894 3274 2447
Worked at part-time jobs 2787 2783 2617 2506 2277 2153 2347 3036 2743
Did not work 8303 8301 7614 7244 6622 6136 7063 8428 8049
107/27/99 306
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 11418 11414 9262 8311 6863 6553 7564 10402 9677
AFDC or other non-SSI 7208 7205 6292 5706 4710 4641 5076 6985 6434
SSI 5577 5573 4071 3445 2798 2539 3231 4552 4355
Food stamps 13221 13221 11920 10812 8549 8250 9228 13856 12549
Housing assistance 6569 6569 5963 5344 3706 3706 3995 7005 6409
Energy assistance 3606 3603 3239 2892 2362 2133 2530 3768 3436
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 13460 13451 12444 11459 9621 9243 10214 15788 13265
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 8794 8794 7509 6699 5364 5201 5910 8416 7804
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 4191 4186 4063 3959 3564 3239 3640 6842 5397
Medicare 4272 4272 3799 3744 3329 2442 3666 4522 4452
Also Medicaid 1758 1758 1360 1311 1031 782 1187 1727 1701
Medicaid 14180 14174 12325 11025 9170 8719 10106 14445 13007
Not covered 10840 10824 10612 10443 9785 9266 9961 12209 10816