09/17/99 37
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 34877 23.4 32.9 32.8 31.6
Age
Under 18 years 11317 33.1 39.9 39.8 37.7
Related children 11176 32.8 39.7 39.7 37.6
Under 6 years 3549 36.6 41.7 41.8 40.3
18 to 24 years 3828 25.6 32.1 32.1 31.0
25 to 44 years 10870 17.6 22.6 22.7 21.6
45 to 64 years 6139 15.7 25.3 25.0 24.5
65 years and over 2723 21.0 62.8 62.9 62.4
65 to 74 years 1603 20.8 58.7 58.7 58.0
75 years and over 1120 21.2 68.7 68.9 68.8
Family Relationship
In families 29333 22.2 31.0 31.0 29.5
Married-couple families 14241 7.2 14.1 14.2 12.8
With related children under 18 9792 8.5 12.4 12.6 10.6
Female hhlder, no husband present 13156 39.4 50.0 49.9 48.2
With related children under 18 10561 45.0 54.2 54.0 52.1
Unrelated individuals 5390 29.3 42.6 42.7 42.4
Living alone 3639 27.8 43.5 43.6 43.5
65 years and over 864 34.6 77.7 78.1 78.1
109/17/99 38
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 30037 22.9 32.3 32.2 31.1
Inside central cities 19233 26.4 37.1 37.1 35.9
Outside central cities 10804 16.8 23.8 23.6 22.4
Outside metropolitan areas 4840 26.6 36.5 36.5 34.7
Region
Northeast 6529 26.7 37.1 37.2 35.6
Midwest 6425 24.7 35.3 35.3 32.9
South 19034 22.7 31.2 31.1 30.1
West 2889 17.7 29.2 28.9 28.6
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 23560 18.8 29.5 29.5 28.6
18 to 24 years old 3828 25.6 32.1 32.1 31.0
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1067 34.1 43.4 43.4 42.3
25 years old and over 19732 17.5 29.0 29.0 28.1
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 4545 31.4 54.7 54.7 53.9
High school graduate, no college 7042 18.6 29.2 29.0 27.9
College: Less than bachelor's degree 5103 11.0 18.0 18.2 17.3
Bachelor's degree or more 3043 5.0 8.7 8.6 8.3
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 19656 18.2 24.9 24.8 23.9
Worked at full-time jobs 12984 7.3 9.5 9.5 8.7
50 to 52 weeks 10628 3.8 5.2 5.2 4.3
Worked at part-time jobs 2218 28.4 36.5 36.3 35.7
Did not work 4454 44.6 63.9 63.8 62.5
109/17/99 39
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 6346 54.6 73.8 73.7 73.6
AFDC or other non-SSI 3724 67.5 79.7 79.5 79.4
SSI 3259 41.4 70.0 69.9 69.8
Food stamps 7039 62.5 76.4 76.5 75.6
Housing assistance 4624 61.8 75.1 74.8 73.6
Energy assistance 1727 65.3 79.0 79.0 77.3
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 9864 44.0 55.0 54.9 52.0
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 4220 68.1 84.9 84.8 84.8
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 17115 6.1 8.6 8.6 6.4
Medicare 3703 26.1 65.2 65.3 64.7
Also Medicaid 1023 46.8 78.9 78.7 78.5
Medicaid 7820 54.3 71.1 71.1 70.2
Not covered 7708 31.5 38.9 38.8 38.2
109/17/99 40
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 32.8 33.0 29.9 30.2 23.3
Age
Under 18 years 39.9 40.1 34.3 34.5 30.8
Related children 39.8 39.9 34.1 34.3 30.6
Under 6 years 42.6 42.7 36.7 36.7 34.2
18 to 24 years 31.9 32.2 30.2 30.5 26.2
25 to 44 years 22.7 22.8 20.2 20.6 17.4
45 to 64 years 25.2 25.2 24.5 24.9 17.6
65 years and over 62.9 63.1 62.6 63.0 24.3
65 to 74 years 58.6 58.6 58.0 58.4 23.8
75 years and over 69.1 69.6 69.3 69.5 25.1
Family Relationship
In families 30.8 31.0 27.4 27.7 21.7
Married-couple families 13.6 13.7 11.9 12.2 6.5
With related children under 18 11.7 12.0 9.4 9.6 7.1
Female hhlder, no husband present 50.1 50.3 44.5 45.0 38.8
With related children under 18 54.3 54.5 47.4 47.9 42.8
Unrelated individuals 43.3 43.3 43.3 43.4 31.5
Living alone 44.1 44.2 44.1 44.3 30.0
65 years and over 78.6 78.6 78.6 78.6 36.8
109/17/99 41
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 32.3 32.4 29.5 29.8 22.9
Inside central cities 37.2 37.5 34.1 34.5 26.9
Outside central cities 23.4 23.4 21.4 21.5 15.9
Outside metropolitan areas 36.5 36.5 32.7 32.7 25.6
Region
Northeast 37.9 38.2 33.8 34.3 27.7
Midwest 33.7 34.2 31.6 32.0 23.9
South 31.4 31.4 28.4 28.7 22.0
West 29.2 29.2 27.5 27.5 21.1
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 29.5 29.6 27.9 28.2 19.7
18 to 24 years old 31.9 32.2 30.2 30.5 26.2
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 43.3 43.3 42.6 42.6 38.2
25 years old and over 29.0 29.1 27.4 27.8 18.4
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 54.8 55.0 53.3 53.8 34.8
High school graduate, no college 28.9 29.0 26.8 27.3 18.7
College: Less than bachelor's degree 18.3 18.4 16.6 16.7 11.4
Bachelor's degree or more 8.6 8.6 8.2 8.3 5.2
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 24.8 25.0 23.0 23.4 18.8
Worked at full-time jobs 9.6 9.7 7.8 8.0 6.6
50 to 52 weeks 5.1 5.2 3.5 3.8 3.0
Worked at part-time jobs 36.7 36.9 34.4 34.6 28.4
Did not work 63.2 63.5 61.9 62.6 49.2
109/17/99 42
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 74.4 74.5 71.6 71.9 66.1
AFDC or other non-SSI 80.7 80.7 76.7 77.0 73.1
SSI 70.1 70.1 69.1 69.7 61.0
Food stamps 77.0 77.3 70.9 71.7 65.1
Housing assistance 76.0 76.0 69.5 69.6 62.0
Energy assistance 79.7 79.7 76.4 77.0 69.9
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 54.7 55.2 47.0 47.8 41.9
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 86.0 86.0 82.5 83.0 78.2
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 7.4 7.6 5.7 5.8 3.8
Medicare 65.2 65.3 64.7 65.1 30.1
Also Medicaid 78.7 78.9 78.2 78.4 58.6
Medicaid 71.7 71.9 66.2 66.4 59.6
Not covered 40.2 40.4 36.3 36.9 29.9
109/17/99 43
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 22.6 22.6 20.1 19.2 15.9
Age
Under 18 years 30.3 30.3 27.4 26.2 21.4
Related children 30.1 30.1 27.1 25.9 21.0
Under 6 years 34.1 34.1 31.6 30.3 25.3
18 to 24 years 25.6 25.6 23.4 21.6 18.7
25 to 44 years 17.1 17.1 15.1 14.5 11.7
45 to 64 years 16.5 16.5 14.4 13.6 11.4
65 years and over 21.4 21.4 18.4 18.2 15.9
65 to 74 years 20.9 20.9 18.3 18.3 16.7
75 years and over 22.2 22.2 18.6 18.2 14.7
Family Relationship
In families 21.0 21.0 18.5 17.7 14.4
Married-couple families 6.0 6.0 5.0 4.8 3.9
With related children under 18 6.6 6.6 5.5 5.3 4.1
Female hhlder, no husband present 38.2 38.2 34.0 32.4 26.5
With related children under 18 42.4 42.4 38.3 36.2 29.4
Unrelated individuals 30.1 30.1 28.0 26.7 22.9
Living alone 29.1 29.1 26.7 25.6 20.7
65 years and over 34.2 34.2 30.8 30.3 25.1
109/17/99 44
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 22.3 22.3 19.8 18.9 15.5
Inside central cities 26.0 26.0 22.8 21.7 17.2
Outside central cities 15.6 15.6 14.5 13.9 12.4
Outside metropolitan areas 24.3 24.3 21.9 21.6 18.4
Region
Northeast 26.9 26.9 23.1 21.2 15.8
Midwest 23.2 23.2 21.0 20.2 16.8
South 21.2 21.2 19.6 19.0 16.2
West 20.4 20.4 14.6 14.2 12.2
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 18.8 18.8 16.6 15.9 13.2
18 to 24 years old 25.6 25.6 23.4 21.6 18.7
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 37.2 37.2 32.2 30.7 24.7
25 years old and over 17.5 17.5 15.3 14.8 12.2
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 32.4 32.4 28.4 27.6 22.6
High school graduate, no college 18.0 18.0 16.0 15.2 12.6
College: Less than bachelor's degree 11.0 11.0 9.5 9.3 7.5
Bachelor's degree or more 5.0 5.0 4.1 3.7 3.4
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 18.1 18.1 16.1 15.2 12.6
Worked at full-time jobs 6.5 6.5 5.8 5.5 4.2
50 to 52 weeks 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.5 1.8
Worked at part-time jobs 27.6 27.6 25.2 24.0 20.0
Did not work 47.3 47.3 41.5 39.2 33.3
109/17/99 45
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 64.2 64.2 51.0 47.0 36.8
AFDC or other non-SSI 72.9 72.9 62.5 57.9 46.6
SSI 57.4 57.4 38.6 33.8 23.8
Food stamps 64.0 64.0 55.7 51.9 38.8
Housing assistance 60.7 60.7 55.3 51.5 34.0
Energy assistance 68.6 68.6 58.6 54.0 39.3
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 40.7 40.7 35.8 34.1 27.1
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 77.3 77.3 63.5 58.2 44.1
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.3 2.5
Medicare 26.3 26.3 22.7 22.2 17.7
Also Medicaid 49.5 49.5 38.7 36.9 24.4
Medicaid 57.8 57.8 48.5 44.9 34.7
Not covered 29.1 29.1 28.1 27.9 24.8
109/17/99 46
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 14.9 16.5 25.2 21.6
Age
Under 18 years 20.8 22.2 36.0 29.5
Related children 20.5 21.9 35.8 29.2
Under 6 years 24.7 26.6 39.6 32.7
18 to 24 years 18.6 19.2 26.8 24.2
25 to 44 years 11.2 12.1 19.1 16.1
45 to 64 years 10.2 12.1 16.7 15.7
65 years and over 10.9 16.6 21.5 21.0
65 to 74 years 11.7 17.8 21.5 20.7
75 years and over 9.7 15.0 21.6 21.5
Family Relationship
In families 13.8 15.0 24.1 20.0
Married-couple families 3.5 4.0 8.4 6.5
With related children under 18 3.9 4.3 10.3 7.6
Female hhlder, no husband present 25.6 27.4 41.8 35.4
With related children under 18 28.7 30.5 48.0 40.0
Unrelated individuals 20.3 23.9 30.3 29.8
Living alone 17.4 20.7 28.4 28.2
65 years and over 15.3 25.1 34.4 34.4
109/17/99 47
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 14.7 16.0 24.5 21.2
Inside central cities 16.4 17.9 28.4 24.6
Outside central cities 11.7 12.7 17.7 15.1
Outside metropolitan areas 16.3 19.7 29.4 24.4
Region
Northeast 15.6 16.5 29.2 24.9
Midwest 16.4 17.7 26.3 22.9
South 14.7 16.8 24.5 21.0
West 11.9 12.4 18.3 15.6
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 12.1 13.8 20.0 17.9
18 to 24 years old 18.6 19.2 26.8 24.2
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 24.5 25.4 35.7 32.6
25 years old and over 10.9 12.7 18.7 16.6
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 19.4 23.9 32.9 30.8
High school graduate, no college 11.6 13.0 20.0 17.3
College: Less than bachelor's degree 6.7 7.8 12.3 10.4
Bachelor's degree or more 3.2 3.9 5.2 4.5
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 11.9 13.1 19.5 17.1
Worked at full-time jobs 4.0 4.3 8.8 6.4
50 to 52 weeks 1.7 1.8 5.2 3.2
Worked at part-time jobs 19.8 20.7 29.3 26.1
Did not work 31.0 35.1 45.7 43.9
109/17/99 48
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 35.8 38.5 57.0 53.2
AFDC or other non-SSI 46.2 48.1 69.1 63.7
SSI 22.3 25.5 44.3 41.9
Food stamps 38.0 40.5 65.3 58.2
Housing assistance 34.0 36.2 64.3 57.1
Energy assistance 35.6 40.8 66.5 59.1
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 26.3 28.6 48.3 38.8
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 43.4 46.1 71.1 66.0
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 2.3 2.6 7.6 4.9
Medicare 13.3 19.1 26.7 26.1
Also Medicaid 19.4 27.7 47.9 47.0
Medicaid 33.2 36.6 57.2 50.8
Not covered 23.6 25.4 33.6 29.2
109/17/99 49
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 8166 11466 11453 11005 11455 11510 10440 10545 8129
Age
Under 18 years 3741 4512 4507 4270 4515 4536 3878 3901 3489
Related children 3669 4439 4435 4198 4443 4463 3806 3829 3417
Under 6 years 1299 1480 1483 1429 1513 1516 1301 1304 1215
18 to 24 years 978 1230 1228 1185 1221 1232 1155 1166 1002
25 to 44 years 1912 2460 2469 2344 2462 2475 2196 2236 1895
45 to 64 years 963 1554 1537 1507 1544 1549 1505 1527 1080
65 years and over 572 1710 1713 1699 1713 1719 1706 1715 663
65 to 74 years 334 941 941 929 939 939 930 937 381
75 years and over 237 770 772 770 774 780 776 778 281
Family Relationship
In families 6512 9094 9079 8648 9049 9102 8034 8133 6358
Married-couple families 1021 2006 2015 1822 1934 1957 1697 1731 919
With related children under 18 833 1211 1231 1041 1147 1170 916 939 696
Female hhlder, no husband present 5184 6584 6561 6342 6592 6622 5860 5925 5109
With related children under 18 4750 5719 5704 5498 5739 5759 5001 5059 4525
Unrelated individuals 1581 2298 2301 2284 2333 2334 2332 2338 1697
Living alone 1010 1583 1587 1582 1606 1607 1606 1611 1093
65 years and over 299 671 675 675 679 679 679 679 318
109/17/99 50
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 6881 9701 9686 9327 9689 9744 8860 8961 6888
Inside central cities 5070 7133 7134 6909 7162 7217 6551 6643 5175
Outside central cities 1811 2568 2552 2418 2527 2527 2309 2318 1713
Outside metropolitan areas 1286 1765 1768 1678 1766 1766 1580 1584 1241
Region
Northeast 1742 2422 2426 2325 2473 2496 2209 2240 1806
Midwest 1588 2267 2267 2116 2168 2196 2031 2054 1533
South 4326 5933 5925 5738 5973 5976 5407 5457 4179
West 511 844 836 826 842 842 793 793 611
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 4425 6954 6946 6735 6941 6975 6562 6644 4640
18 to 24 years old 978 1230 1228 1185 1221 1232 1155 1166 1002
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 364 464 464 451 462 462 455 455 408
25 years old and over 3447 5724 5718 5550 5720 5743 5407 5478 3638
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1426 2485 2487 2450 2491 2499 2421 2447 1583
High school graduate, no college 1307 2055 2041 1965 2034 2043 1890 1924 1316
College: Less than bachelor's degree 561 920 927 884 934 941 845 854 582
Bachelor's degree or more 154 264 263 252 260 260 251 253 158
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 3569 4893 4880 4702 4878 4907 4529 4601 3688
Worked at full-time jobs 953 1238 1233 1126 1249 1262 1011 1045 863
50 to 52 weeks 408 549 552 458 539 548 371 401 321
Worked at part-time jobs 630 809 804 791 814 818 762 769 631
Did not work 1986 2846 2843 2785 2815 2827 2756 2788 2193
109/17/99 51
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 3466 4682 4675 4668 4724 4726 4545 4565 4197
AFDC or other non-SSI 2514 2966 2959 2957 3004 3004 2856 2866 2721
SSI 1349 2281 2279 2275 2284 2285 2252 2272 1987
Food stamps 4399 5378 5387 5318 5422 5442 4994 5048 4581
Housing assistance 2856 3470 3459 3405 3515 3515 3213 3217 2869
Energy assistance 1128 1365 1365 1335 1377 1377 1320 1331 1207
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 4345 5427 5411 5129 5400 5443 4633 4714 4130
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 2875 3585 3578 3578 3627 3627 3482 3501 3300
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 1039 1464 1465 1089 1259 1293 969 998 652
Medicare 965 2415 2419 2397 2414 2420 2395 2412 1115
Also Medicaid 479 807 805 803 805 808 800 802 599
Medicaid 4246 5558 5557 5489 5607 5621 5181 5190 4660
Not covered 2431 3002 2992 2945 3102 3115 2796 2841 2307
109/17/99 52
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 7868 7868 7019 6708 5538 5211 5763 8790 7545
Age
Under 18 years 3433 3433 3098 2967 2417 2359 2514 4078 3334
Related children 3360 3360 3026 2895 2348 2290 2445 4001 3262
Under 6 years 1211 1211 1123 1077 898 878 943 1406 1162
18 to 24 years 979 979 896 827 717 711 736 1027 927
25 to 44 years 1862 1862 1640 1581 1272 1221 1318 2071 1750
45 to 64 years 1011 1011 884 837 700 624 744 1028 962
65 years and over 583 583 501 496 432 297 453 587 572
65 to 74 years 335 335 293 293 267 188 285 345 332
75 years and over 249 249 208 204 164 109 168 242 241
Family Relationship
In families 6170 6170 5437 5194 4229 4044 4402 7079 5864
Married-couple families 849 849 706 683 550 499 572 1202 930
With related children under 18 650 650 538 522 404 384 419 1006 742
Female hhlder, no husband present 5028 5028 4477 4258 3482 3365 3599 5505 4658
With related children under 18 4483 4483 4042 3822 3101 3027 3219 5065 4222
Unrelated individuals 1625 1625 1509 1440 1235 1094 1288 1631 1607
Living alone 1059 1059 972 931 753 631 753 1033 1026
65 years and over 295 295 266 262 217 132 217 297 297
109/17/99 53
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 6691 6691 5961 5662 4649 4423 4811 7368 6365
Inside central cities 5004 5004 4391 4164 3308 3163 3441 5456 4736
Outside central cities 1687 1687 1569 1498 1341 1260 1370 1912 1628
Outside metropolitan areas 1177 1177 1059 1046 889 788 952 1422 1180
Region
Northeast 1755 1755 1510 1387 1030 1016 1079 1905 1625
Midwest 1492 1492 1349 1299 1078 1055 1138 1687 1474
South 4033 4033 3737 3613 3078 2796 3189 4671 3995
West 588 588 422 410 352 344 358 528 451
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 4436 4436 3921 3741 3121 2853 3250 4712 4211
18 to 24 years old 979 979 896 827 717 711 736 1027 927
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 397 397 343 328 263 262 271 381 348
25 years old and over 3456 3456 3025 2914 2404 2142 2514 3685 3284
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1470 1470 1291 1255 1026 884 1086 1495 1402
High school graduate, no college 1271 1271 1125 1070 890 818 913 1405 1215
College: Less than bachelor's degree 562 562 485 475 384 344 396 626 530
Bachelor's degree or more 153 153 124 114 104 97 119 159 137
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 3564 3564 3158 2995 2471 2340 2572 3824 3371
Worked at full-time jobs 846 846 752 719 546 520 552 1136 837
50 to 52 weeks 307 307 275 270 190 179 196 549 335
Worked at part-time jobs 612 612 558 531 444 439 459 650 580
Did not work 2106 2106 1847 1745 1481 1381 1561 2038 1954
109/17/99 54
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (Black)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 4074 4074 3235 2979 2335 2273 2445 3616 3378
AFDC or other non-SSI 2715 2715 2328 2156 1736 1721 1790 2571 2371
SSI 1869 1869 1257 1102 774 727 832 1442 1364
Food stamps 4503 4503 3922 3652 2729 2674 2848 4596 4095
Housing assistance 2809 2809 2559 2379 1574 1574 1673 2973 2642
Energy assistance 1184 1184 1012 932 679 615 705 1149 1021
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 4018 4018 3530 3360 2675 2595 2825 4766 3823
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 3261 3261 2682 2457 1863 1832 1946 3002 2786
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 634 634 574 557 434 402 441 1297 837
Medicare 972 972 840 822 654 491 706 990 968
Also Medicaid 506 506 396 378 250 199 284 490 481
Medicaid 4523 4523 3791 3507 2710 2600 2866 4474 3976
Not covered 2246 2246 2166 2147 1908 1822 1959 2592 2249