09/17/99 19
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 222837 9.3 16.7 16.5 16.0
Age
Under 18 years 56016 13.5 15.6 15.5 14.6
Related children 55126 12.8 14.9 14.8 14.0
Under 6 years 18227 15.1 16.6 16.4 15.4
18 to 24 years 20741 13.0 15.3 15.1 14.5
25 to 44 years 67842 8.0 10.0 9.9 9.4
45 to 64 years 49478 6.1 11.2 11.0 10.8
65 years and over 28759 7.2 45.1 44.6 44.4
65 to 74 years 15642 5.8 37.6 37.1 36.8
75 years and over 13118 9.0 54.0 53.5 53.4
Family Relationship
In families 186184 7.8 13.6 13.4 12.8
Married-couple families 153434 5.0 10.3 10.2 9.7
With related children under 18 94095 6.3 7.7 7.5 6.8
Female hhlder, no husband present 24211 25.3 33.4 33.2 32.2
With related children under 18 17428 32.9 38.4 38.3 36.9
Unrelated individuals 35563 16.0 32.1 31.9 31.6
Living alone 22213 12.9 35.9 35.7 35.5
65 years and over 8740 13.7 64.3 64.0 64.0
109/17/99 20
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 176985 8.9 15.7 15.5 15.0
Inside central cities 56016 13.2 20.7 20.5 19.7
Outside central cities 120970 6.9 13.4 13.2 12.7
Outside metropolitan areas 45851 10.9 20.6 20.5 20.0
Region
Northeast 43151 8.5 16.1 15.9 15.5
Midwest 55148 7.2 14.4 14.2 13.9
South 72775 9.4 17.5 17.3 16.9
West 51763 12.2 18.5 18.3 17.5
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 166820 7.9 17.0 16.8 16.4
18 to 24 years old 20741 13.0 15.3 15.1 14.5
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 4666 20.1 23.4 23.3 22.2
25 years old and over 146080 7.2 17.3 17.1 16.7
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 22949 18.5 42.4 42.0 41.2
High school graduate, no college 48970 7.5 18.7 18.5 18.1
College: Less than bachelor's degree 36367 4.8 11.7 11.6 11.3
Bachelor's degree or more 37793 2.3 5.4 5.4 5.2
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 131717 7.9 11.0 10.9 10.4
Worked at full-time jobs 93252 3.6 4.4 4.3 4.0
50 to 52 weeks 78128 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.1
Worked at part-time jobs 16722 10.7 14.0 13.8 13.4
Did not work 21744 23.7 36.8 36.6 36.0
109/17/99 21
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 11705 45.9 65.6 64.8 64.1
AFDC or other non-SSI 5758 60.8 75.6 74.4 73.3
SSI 6885 34.9 60.3 59.9 59.6
Food stamps 12163 59.7 74.4 73.5 71.8
Housing assistance 6205 49.4 69.9 69.3 68.3
Energy assistance 3867 51.8 76.8 76.4 74.7
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 23166 34.6 41.2 40.8 38.7
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 6560 64.6 82.8 82.0 81.1
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 143598 2.6 5.0 5.0 4.3
Medicare 31172 8.5 47.0 46.5 46.3
Also Medicaid 3345 26.9 68.2 67.9 67.5
Medicaid 18131 42.6 59.3 58.7 57.6
Not covered 33356 21.4 25.1 24.8 24.5
109/17/99 22
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 16.8 16.9 15.6 15.7 9.0
Age
Under 18 years 16.0 16.1 13.3 13.3 11.9
Related children 15.3 15.4 12.7 12.7 11.3
Under 6 years 17.0 17.0 13.9 13.9 12.8
18 to 24 years 15.8 15.9 14.7 14.8 12.8
25 to 44 years 10.2 10.3 8.9 9.0 7.5
45 to 64 years 11.1 11.2 11.0 11.0 6.6
65 years and over 44.6 44.8 44.8 45.0 8.1
65 to 74 years 37.1 37.2 37.2 37.5 6.8
75 years and over 53.6 53.7 53.7 53.9 9.6
Family Relationship
In families 13.7 13.8 12.3 12.4 7.2
Married-couple families 10.4 10.5 9.3 9.4 4.4
With related children under 18 8.0 8.0 6.1 6.2 5.1
Female hhlder, no husband present 33.6 34.1 30.5 30.7 24.4
With related children under 18 38.7 39.1 34.2 34.4 30.9
Unrelated individuals 32.3 32.5 32.5 32.7 17.3
Living alone 35.9 36.0 36.0 36.3 14.1
65 years and over 64.1 64.1 64.1 64.5 15.0
109/17/99 23
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 15.7 15.8 14.6 14.7 8.6
Inside central cities 20.8 21.0 19.2 19.3 12.7
Outside central cities 13.4 13.4 12.5 12.6 6.6
Outside metropolitan areas 21.1 21.2 19.6 19.7 10.5
Region
Northeast 15.8 15.9 15.1 15.3 8.5
Midwest 14.6 14.6 13.5 13.8 6.8
South 17.8 18.0 16.5 16.6 9.0
West 18.7 18.8 17.0 17.1 11.6
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 17.1 17.2 16.4 16.5 8.0
18 to 24 years old 15.8 15.9 14.7 14.8 12.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 24.0 24.4 22.1 22.3 19.9
25 years old and over 17.3 17.4 16.7 16.8 7.3
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 42.5 42.9 41.1 41.5 19.2
High school graduate, no college 18.7 18.8 18.0 18.1 7.4
College: Less than bachelor's degree 11.7 11.8 11.2 11.3 4.7
Bachelor's degree or more 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4 2.3
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 11.2 11.3 10.3 10.4 7.7
Worked at full-time jobs 4.5 4.7 3.9 3.9 3.2
50 to 52 weeks 2.6 2.7 2.0 2.1 1.8
Worked at part-time jobs 14.6 14.7 13.4 13.6 10.6
Did not work 36.9 37.1 35.7 35.8 24.8
109/17/99 24
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 65.4 65.7 62.9 63.0 54.9
AFDC or other non-SSI 75.4 75.8 71.2 71.2 66.1
SSI 60.2 60.4 59.2 59.4 48.3
Food stamps 74.1 74.3 68.2 68.4 60.3
Housing assistance 70.1 70.2 64.9 65.2 50.2
Energy assistance 75.2 75.5 70.8 71.0 53.1
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 42.2 42.4 35.4 35.5 31.2
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 82.6 83.0 79.4 79.5 73.0
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 4.6 4.6 4.1 4.1 1.8
Medicare 46.6 46.8 46.7 46.9 9.6
Also Medicaid 68.0 68.3 68.0 68.1 36.2
Medicaid 59.5 59.7 55.1 55.3 45.0
Not covered 27.1 27.4 23.9 24.2 20.2
109/17/99 25
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 8.8 8.8 8.1 7.8 6.9
Age
Under 18 years 11.8 11.8 11.0 10.5 8.8
Related children 11.2 11.2 10.4 9.9 8.3
Under 6 years 12.8 12.8 12.1 11.5 9.7
18 to 24 years 12.8 12.8 12.3 11.9 11.3
25 to 44 years 7.4 7.4 6.8 6.6 5.8
45 to 64 years 6.3 6.3 5.7 5.5 5.0
65 years and over 7.3 7.3 6.5 6.4 6.0
65 to 74 years 6.1 6.1 5.2 5.1 4.7
75 years and over 8.8 8.8 8.0 8.0 7.4
Family Relationship
In families 7.1 7.1 6.4 6.2 5.3
Married-couple families 4.3 4.3 4.0 3.8 3.3
With related children under 18 5.1 5.1 4.8 4.5 3.8
Female hhlder, no husband present 24.2 24.2 21.6 20.9 17.6
With related children under 18 30.8 30.8 27.9 27.0 22.6
Unrelated individuals 16.7 16.7 15.7 15.3 14.3
Living alone 13.3 13.3 12.3 12.0 10.7
65 years and over 13.5 13.5 12.1 11.9 10.6
109/17/99 26
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 8.4 8.4 7.7 7.4 6.6
Inside central cities 12.4 12.4 11.3 10.7 9.3
Outside central cities 6.5 6.5 6.0 5.9 5.3
Outside metropolitan areas 10.3 10.3 9.5 9.2 8.2
Region
Northeast 8.3 8.2 7.2 6.8 6.0
Midwest 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.0 5.2
South 8.8 8.8 8.3 8.1 7.3
West 11.4 11.4 10.4 10.0 8.9
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 7.7 7.7 7.1 6.9 6.3
18 to 24 years old 12.8 12.8 12.3 11.9 11.3
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 19.8 19.8 18.7 18.0 16.7
25 years old and over 7.0 7.0 6.4 6.2 5.6
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 18.3 18.3 16.4 15.7 13.8
High school graduate, no college 7.2 7.2 6.6 6.4 5.8
College: Less than bachelor's degree 4.6 4.6 4.2 4.1 3.7
Bachelor's degree or more 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.0
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 7.6 7.6 7.0 6.7 6.1
Worked at full-time jobs 3.2 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.6
50 to 52 weeks 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5
Worked at part-time jobs 10.4 10.4 9.6 9.3 8.6
Did not work 24.1 24.1 21.9 21.0 19.0
109/17/99 27
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 53.0 53.0 40.4 37.0 28.7
AFDC or other non-SSI 65.5 65.5 54.3 50.1 37.6
SSI 45.1 45.1 30.0 26.7 21.7
Food stamps 59.0 59.0 51.4 47.2 35.0
Housing assistance 47.6 47.6 40.8 36.5 20.8
Energy assistance 51.8 51.8 44.1 40.5 30.6
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 31.0 31.0 28.1 26.6 21.5
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 71.4 71.4 57.4 52.3 38.6
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6
Medicare 8.5 8.5 7.4 7.3 6.5
Also Medicaid 31.1 31.1 21.4 20.3 16.5
Medicaid 43.8 43.8 36.6 33.4 26.3
Not covered 20.1 20.1 19.7 19.5 18.3
109/17/99 28
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 6.3 7.1 10.1 8.6
Age
Under 18 years 8.4 9.1 14.9 11.7
Related children 7.9 8.5 14.2 11.1
Under 6 years 9.4 10.0 16.4 13.0
18 to 24 years 11.0 11.5 14.3 12.8
25 to 44 years 5.6 6.0 8.9 7.3
45 to 64 years 4.2 5.2 6.4 6.0
65 years and over 4.1 6.1 7.2 7.2
65 to 74 years 3.3 4.9 5.8 5.8
75 years and over 5.0 7.6 8.9 8.8
Family Relationship
In families 4.9 5.5 8.6 6.9
Married-couple families 3.0 3.4 5.6 4.4
With related children under 18 3.5 3.9 7.4 5.4
Female hhlder, no husband present 16.8 17.9 26.8 22.3
With related children under 18 21.9 22.9 34.9 28.7
Unrelated individuals 12.9 14.8 16.8 16.7
Living alone 8.4 10.7 13.2 13.1
65 years and over 6.7 10.6 13.7 13.7
109/17/99 29
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 6.1 6.8 9.6 8.2
Inside central cities 8.9 9.6 14.2 12.1
Outside central cities 4.8 5.4 7.5 6.4
Outside metropolitan areas 7.1 8.5 12.0 10.2
Region
Northeast 5.6 6.1 9.0 7.9
Midwest 4.7 5.5 7.9 6.7
South 6.5 7.5 10.2 8.8
West 8.3 9.1 13.2 11.0
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 5.6 6.4 8.5 7.6
18 to 24 years old 11.0 11.5 14.3 12.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 16.2 17.1 22.3 19.5
25 years old and over 4.8 5.7 7.7 6.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 11.5 14.3 19.8 17.7
High school graduate, no college 5.1 6.0 8.0 7.1
College: Less than bachelor's degree 3.3 3.8 5.1 4.4
Bachelor's degree or more 1.9 2.1 2.5 2.3
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 5.7 6.3 8.5 7.4
Worked at full-time jobs 2.5 2.7 4.3 3.4
50 to 52 weeks 1.4 1.5 2.6 1.9
Worked at part-time jobs 8.2 8.9 11.6 10.2
Did not work 17.3 19.7 24.5 22.9
109/17/99 30
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 26.4 31.0 46.6 42.3
AFDC or other non-SSI 36.2 40.4 62.0 55.1
SSI 18.6 23.5 35.1 32.7
Food stamps 32.9 36.6 61.6 54.1
Housing assistance 20.8 22.5 50.8 44.7
Energy assistance 27.1 31.4 53.7 46.3
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 20.1 22.1 38.0 29.7
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 36.0 41.0 65.7 59.7
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 1.4 1.6 2.9 2.2
Medicare 4.7 6.9 8.4 8.4
Also Medicaid 11.8 17.8 27.2 26.8
Medicaid 24.3 28.1 44.3 38.4
Not covered 17.2 18.5 23.8 20.1
109/17/99 31
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 20778 37166 36771 35638 37479 37726 34819 35080 19968
Age
Under 18 years 7540 8747 8681 8200 8963 8993 7427 7473 6660
Related children 7058 8241 8180 7703 8461 8492 6978 7022 6223
Under 6 years 2747 3020 2997 2801 3099 3104 2526 2535 2338
18 to 24 years 2687 3178 3134 3005 3272 3307 3039 3075 2654
25 to 44 years 5460 6761 6683 6345 6914 6998 6065 6138 5082
45 to 64 years 3012 5519 5456 5332 5492 5552 5419 5458 3252
65 years and over 2080 12962 12817 12756 12838 12876 12870 12937 2320
65 to 74 years 904 5884 5801 5749 5808 5826 5822 5861 1057
75 years and over 1176 7077 7016 7007 7031 7051 7048 7075 1263
Family Relationship
In families 14602 25231 24923 23878 25477 25657 22835 23008 13395
Married-couple families 7630 15843 15583 14826 16000 16057 14316 14440 6697
With related children under 18 5919 7201 7097 6435 7490 7510 5784 5819 4821
Female hhlder, no husband present 6126 8088 8044 7792 8136 8255 7386 7426 5908
With related children under 18 5730 6696 6674 6438 6749 6815 5964 5997 5389
Unrelated individuals 5693 11412 11338 11250 11492 11559 11553 11641 6157
Living alone 2858 7968 7926 7893 7981 8002 8001 8054 3121
65 years and over 1196 5624 5596 5594 5604 5604 5604 5636 1307
109/17/99 32
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 15769 27740 27383 26460 27812 28000 25855 26031 15141
Inside central cities 7404 11587 11475 11053 11661 11762 10745 10783 7117
Outside central cities 8366 16153 15908 15407 16151 16238 15110 15248 8024
Outside metropolitan areas 5009 9426 9388 9177 9667 9726 8964 9049 4827
Region
Northeast 3649 6927 6844 6673 6813 6865 6515 6582 3678
Midwest 3946 7918 7830 7640 8026 8051 7465 7585 3768
South 6870 12759 12609 12288 12961 13088 12014 12064 6536
West 6313 9562 9487 9036 9679 9722 8825 8849 5986
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 13239 28419 28090 27438 28517 28733 27393 27607 13308
18 to 24 years old 2687 3178 3134 3005 3272 3307 3039 3075 2654
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 938 1092 1085 1037 1119 1137 1029 1040 928
25 years old and over 10552 25241 24956 24433 25244 25426 24354 24532 10653
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 4255 9740 9633 9450 9758 9839 9441 9521 4417
High school graduate, no college 3669 9181 9074 8882 9171 9222 8824 8869 3637
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1755 4272 4216 4118 4256 4280 4066 4106 1725
Bachelor's degree or more 872 2048 2033 1984 2059 2084 2023 2037 874
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 10354 14484 14304 13757 14694 14857 13605 13739 10181
Worked at full-time jobs 3399 4130 4038 3694 4224 4336 3590 3667 3019
50 to 52 weeks 1656 1932 1885 1666 2026 2091 1582 1626 1398
Worked at part-time jobs 1797 2346 2309 2233 2444 2457 2246 2281 1771
Did not work 5157 8008 7957 7830 8026 8064 7769 7791 5391
109/17/99 33
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 5377 7676 7583 7499 7658 7689 7364 7375 6427
AFDC or other non-SSI 3501 4352 4282 4220 4343 4365 4100 4100 3808
SSI 2402 4151 4125 4103 4143 4159 4077 4088 3327
Food stamps 7258 9044 8942 8728 9010 9036 8296 8320 7329
Housing assistance 3065 4339 4302 4235 4352 4354 4028 4046 3115
Energy assistance 2002 2970 2955 2890 2910 2920 2737 2747 2052
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 8004 9555 9455 8955 9775 9812 8201 8225 7225
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 4238 5432 5378 5321 5420 5446 5210 5213 4789
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 3662 7203 7119 6164 6607 6657 5874 5928 2624
Medicare 2636 14651 14506 14432 14538 14582 14553 14626 2999
Also Medicaid 901 2282 2272 2258 2276 2284 2276 2280 1213
Medicaid 7732 10748 10638 10450 10784 10816 9988 10018 8163
Not covered 7128 8372 8265 8156 9024 9153 7972 8062 6742
109/17/99 34
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 19524 19511 17995 17329 15381 14053 15837 22555 19198
Age
Under 18 years 6625 6616 6146 5857 4924 4722 5079 8329 6546
Related children 6189 6180 5715 5455 4553 4353 4667 7830 6099
Under 6 years 2329 2327 2207 2093 1771 1710 1822 2997 2367
18 to 24 years 2647 2647 2544 2471 2335 2290 2384 2971 2659
25 to 44 years 5006 5002 4631 4450 3930 3776 4054 6012 4941
45 to 64 years 3135 3135 2809 2705 2475 2097 2561 3170 2989
65 years and over 2111 2111 1865 1846 1717 1168 1760 2073 2062
65 to 74 years 958 958 810 797 743 515 762 909 904
75 years and over 1153 1153 1055 1049 974 654 997 1164 1158
Family Relationship
In families 13181 13168 12001 11514 9954 9153 10177 16086 12845
Married-couple families 6547 6547 6080 5765 5091 4543 5253 8646 6720
With related children under 18 4771 4771 4478 4211 3557 3302 3693 6940 5039
Female hhlder, no husband present 5862 5849 5233 5072 4269 4059 4330 6496 5393
With related children under 18 5372 5359 4861 4707 3931 3813 3990 6078 5007
Unrelated individuals 5931 5931 5592 5449 5100 4573 5270 5964 5930
Living alone 2962 2962 2731 2671 2369 1859 2372 2936 2919
65 years and over 1179 1179 1060 1043 924 589 925 1194 1194
109/17/99 35
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 14809 14796 13632 13101 11608 10777 11947 17067 14509
Inside central cities 6967 6962 6332 6012 5228 4999 5374 7949 6760
Outside central cities 7842 7834 7300 7089 6380 5779 6574 9118 7749
Outside metropolitan areas 4715 4715 4364 4228 3773 3276 3890 5488 4689
Region
Northeast 3570 3558 3113 2946 2569 2416 2646 3896 3391
Midwest 3683 3683 3447 3332 2880 2606 3006 4380 3695
South 6382 6382 6033 5865 5345 4711 5471 7452 6404
West 5889 5889 5402 5186 4587 4320 4715 6827 5708
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 12899 12895 11849 11472 10456 9331 10758 14226 12651
18 to 24 years old 2647 2647 2544 2471 2335 2290 2384 2971 2659
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 924 924 874 839 778 758 796 1041 912
25 years old and over 10252 10248 9305 9001 8121 7041 8375 11255 9992
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 4203 4202 3767 3613 3156 2650 3287 4535 4052
High school graduate, no college 3514 3511 3216 3116 2842 2480 2918 3910 3467
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1663 1663 1510 1473 1351 1194 1390 1869 1614
Bachelor's degree or more 872 872 812 799 771 717 780 941 859
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 9983 9979 9213 8874 8038 7480 8286 11253 9798
Worked at full-time jobs 2986 2985 2828 2748 2469 2350 2516 3991 3125
50 to 52 weeks 1375 1374 1294 1261 1138 1081 1163 2055 1472
Worked at part-time jobs 1746 1744 1613 1562 1446 1364 1483 1937 1702
Did not work 5250 5250 4772 4564 4123 3766 4287 5325 4971
109/17/99 36
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 6199 6199 4734 4333 3365 3094 3626 5456 4955
AFDC or other non-SSI 3773 3773 3129 2886 2162 2084 2325 3568 3171
SSI 3106 3106 2062 1835 1493 1279 1619 2419 2253
Food stamps 7177 7177 6246 5736 4262 4000 4453 7496 6576
Housing assistance 2956 2956 2531 2263 1288 1288 1393 3152 2773
Energy assistance 2002 2002 1704 1566 1183 1050 1214 2075 1789
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 7186 7186 6501 6165 4974 4647 5121 8812 6878
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 4687 4687 3769 3428 2532 2360 2691 4312 3918
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 2594 2592 2497 2480 2259 2071 2280 4216 3213
Medicare 2664 2664 2297 2261 2031 1452 2136 2634 2609
Also Medicaid 1040 1040 715 678 551 395 596 909 896
Medicaid 7938 7938 6636 6059 4774 4398 5095 8029 6961
Not covered 6699 6688 6575 6497 6103 5750 6164 7947 6701