09/17/99 1
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 271059 11.3 18.8 18.7 18.1
Age
Under 18 years 71338 17.0 19.9 19.8 18.8
Related children 70253 16.4 19.4 19.2 18.2
Under 6 years 23160 18.8 20.9 20.7 19.6
18 to 24 years 25967 15.0 18.1 17.9 17.2
25 to 44 years 83218 9.4 11.7 11.7 11.1
45 to 64 years 58141 7.2 12.7 12.5 12.3
65 years and over 32394 8.5 46.2 45.8 45.6
65 to 74 years 17843 7.3 39.3 38.8 38.5
75 years and over 14551 9.9 54.7 54.3 54.3
Family Relationship
In families 227229 9.9 16.0 15.8 15.1
Married-couple families 177042 5.3 10.7 10.6 10.0
With related children under 18 110595 6.7 8.4 8.3 7.5
Female hhlder, no husband present 39000 30.5 39.4 39.3 38.0
With related children under 18 29200 37.8 44.6 44.5 42.9
Unrelated individuals 42539 17.9 33.2 33.0 32.8
Living alone 26669 15.0 36.6 36.5 36.3
65 years and over 9753 15.6 65.5 65.2 65.2
109/17/99 2
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 218992 11.0 18.0 17.8 17.2
Inside central cities 80761 16.6 24.7 24.5 23.7
Outside central cities 138231 7.8 14.1 13.9 13.4
Outside metropolitan areas 52068 12.7 22.4 22.3 21.7
Region
Northeast 51742 11.0 18.9 18.7 18.2
Midwest 63155 9.2 16.6 16.5 15.9
South 94640 12.2 20.3 20.1 19.5
West 61522 12.4 18.9 18.7 17.9
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 199721 9.3 18.4 18.3 17.8
18 to 24 years old 25967 15.0 18.1 17.9 17.2
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 5970 22.8 27.4 27.3 26.3
25 years old and over 173754 8.5 18.5 18.3 17.9
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 28841 20.6 43.9 43.5 42.8
High school graduate, no college 57935 8.9 20.0 19.8 19.3
College: Less than bachelor's degree 43175 5.7 12.5 12.4 12.1
Bachelor's degree or more 43803 2.6 5.7 5.6 5.5
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 159417 9.2 12.8 12.7 12.2
Worked at full-time jobs 111569 4.1 5.1 5.0 4.6
50 to 52 weeks 93132 2.3 2.8 2.8 2.4
Worked at part-time jobs 19905 12.7 16.7 16.5 16.0
Did not work 27943 27.3 41.0 40.7 40.1
109/17/99 3
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 19476 48.4 67.9 67.4 66.9
AFDC or other non-SSI 10124 63.6 77.5 76.7 76.0
SSI 11086 36.4 62.3 62.1 61.8
Food stamps 20368 61.0 75.2 74.7 73.3
Housing assistance 11429 54.5 72.3 71.8 70.6
Energy assistance 5894 56.1 77.6 77.4 75.6
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 35081 37.7 45.8 45.4 43.1
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 11540 66.2 83.8 83.2 82.7
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 168451 3.0 5.4 5.3 4.5
Medicare 35884 10.3 48.7 48.3 48.0
Also Medicaid 4642 30.8 69.9 69.6 69.3
Medicaid 27647 46.3 62.9 62.4 61.5
Not covered 43936 23.1 27.5 27.2 26.8
109/17/99 4
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 18.9 19.1 17.5 17.7 11.0
Age
Under 18 years 20.2 20.3 17.1 17.2 15.3
Related children 19.7 19.8 16.5 16.6 14.8
Under 6 years 21.3 21.4 17.8 17.9 16.6
18 to 24 years 18.4 18.6 17.2 17.4 15.0
25 to 44 years 11.9 12.1 10.5 10.7 8.9
45 to 64 years 12.6 12.7 12.4 12.5 7.8
65 years and over 45.9 46.0 45.9 46.2 9.6
65 to 74 years 38.9 39.0 38.9 39.1 8.4
75 years and over 54.5 54.7 54.6 54.8 11.1
Family Relationship
In families 16.1 16.2 14.4 14.5 9.3
Married-couple families 10.8 10.8 9.6 9.7 4.7
With related children under 18 8.6 8.6 6.7 6.8 5.6
Female hhlder, no husband present 39.6 39.9 35.6 35.9 29.8
With related children under 18 44.8 45.1 39.5 39.8 35.7
Unrelated individuals 33.5 33.6 33.6 33.8 19.3
Living alone 36.7 36.8 36.8 37.0 16.4
65 years and over 65.4 65.4 65.4 65.7 17.1
109/17/99 5
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 18.0 18.1 16.7 16.8 10.7
Inside central cities 24.8 25.0 22.8 23.0 16.4
Outside central cities 14.0 14.1 13.1 13.2 7.4
Outside metropolitan areas 22.8 23.0 21.1 21.3 12.3
Region
Northeast 18.7 18.9 17.6 17.8 11.2
Midwest 16.6 16.7 15.5 15.7 8.8
South 20.5 20.7 18.9 19.0 11.7
West 19.1 19.2 17.5 17.5 12.1
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 18.5 18.6 17.7 17.8 9.5
18 to 24 years old 18.4 18.6 17.2 17.4 15.0
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 27.9 28.2 26.2 26.3 23.5
25 years old and over 18.5 18.6 17.8 17.9 8.7
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 44.0 44.3 42.6 42.9 21.8
High school graduate, no college 19.9 20.0 19.0 19.2 8.9
College: Less than bachelor's degree 12.5 12.6 11.8 12.0 5.7
Bachelor's degree or more 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.6 2.6
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 12.9 13.1 12.0 12.1 9.2
Worked at full-time jobs 5.2 5.3 4.3 4.4 3.7
50 to 52 weeks 2.9 3.0 2.2 2.3 1.9
Worked at part-time jobs 17.3 17.4 15.9 16.1 12.6
Did not work 40.9 41.1 39.7 39.9 28.9
109/17/99 6
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 68.0 68.2 65.5 65.7 58.3
AFDC or other non-SSI 77.7 77.9 73.8 73.9 69.1
SSI 62.4 62.6 61.4 61.6 51.6
Food stamps 75.3 75.5 69.4 69.8 62.3
Housing assistance 72.7 72.7 67.0 67.2 55.4
Energy assistance 76.7 76.9 72.7 73.0 58.3
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 46.4 46.6 39.4 39.7 34.9
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 84.0 84.2 80.8 81.0 75.0
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 4.9 4.9 4.3 4.3 2.1
Medicare 48.4 48.5 48.3 48.6 11.9
Also Medicaid 69.8 70.0 69.7 69.8 41.3
Medicaid 63.2 63.4 58.6 58.7 49.6
Not covered 29.3 29.6 26.0 26.3 21.9
109/17/99 7
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 10.8 10.7 9.8 9.5 8.2
Age
Under 18 years 15.2 15.2 14.0 13.4 11.1
Related children 14.6 14.6 13.4 12.8 10.6
Under 6 years 16.5 16.5 15.6 14.8 12.5
18 to 24 years 14.9 14.9 14.1 13.6 12.6
25 to 44 years 8.8 8.8 8.0 7.7 6.7
45 to 64 years 7.5 7.5 6.7 6.4 5.8
65 years and over 8.7 8.7 7.5 7.5 6.9
65 to 74 years 7.6 7.6 6.5 6.4 5.9
75 years and over 10.0 10.0 8.9 8.8 8.0
Family Relationship
In families 9.1 9.1 8.2 7.9 6.7
Married-couple families 4.6 4.6 4.2 4.0 3.5
With related children under 18 5.4 5.4 5.0 4.8 4.0
Female hhlder, no husband present 29.4 29.4 26.3 25.2 20.9
With related children under 18 35.5 35.5 32.2 30.8 25.3
Unrelated individuals 18.6 18.6 17.4 16.9 15.6
Living alone 15.6 15.6 14.3 13.9 12.1
65 years and over 15.5 15.5 13.8 13.6 11.9
109/17/99 8
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 10.5 10.5 9.6 9.2 7.9
Inside central cities 16.0 16.0 14.3 13.6 11.5
Outside central cities 7.3 7.3 6.8 6.6 5.9
Outside metropolitan areas 11.9 11.9 11.0 10.7 9.4
Region
Northeast 10.9 10.8 9.5 8.9 7.5
Midwest 8.6 8.6 8.0 7.7 6.6
South 11.4 11.4 10.7 10.4 9.2
West 11.9 11.9 10.6 10.3 9.0
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 9.2 9.2 8.3 8.1 7.2
18 to 24 years old 14.9 14.9 14.1 13.6 12.6
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 23.2 23.2 21.4 20.5 18.3
25 years old and over 8.3 8.3 7.5 7.2 6.4
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 20.6 20.6 18.4 17.7 15.2
High school graduate, no college 8.6 8.6 7.8 7.5 6.7
College: Less than bachelor's degree 5.5 5.5 5.0 4.9 4.3
Bachelor's degree or more 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.2
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 9.0 9.0 8.2 7.9 7.0
Worked at full-time jobs 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.3 2.9
50 to 52 weeks 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.5
Worked at part-time jobs 12.4 12.4 11.4 11.0 9.9
Did not work 28.0 28.0 25.3 24.2 21.6
109/17/99 9
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 56.1 56.1 43.6 40.1 31.3
AFDC or other non-SSI 68.6 68.6 58.0 53.6 41.3
SSI 48.0 48.0 32.2 28.6 22.3
Food stamps 61.0 61.0 53.4 49.4 36.8
Housing assistance 53.3 53.3 47.0 42.9 26.5
Energy assistance 57.0 57.0 48.8 44.8 33.4
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 34.3 34.3 30.8 29.2 23.5
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 73.5 73.5 60.1 54.9 41.1
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.7
Medicare 10.5 10.5 9.0 8.8 7.7
Also Medicaid 35.1 35.1 24.8 23.6 18.0
Medicaid 48.2 48.2 40.5 37.2 29.1
Not covered 21.6 21.6 21.1 20.9 19.4
109/17/99 10
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 7.6 8.5 12.3 10.5
Age
Under 18 years 10.7 11.5 18.6 14.9
Related children 10.2 10.9 18.0 14.4
Under 6 years 12.1 12.9 20.4 16.4
18 to 24 years 12.4 12.8 16.3 14.7
25 to 44 years 6.4 6.9 10.3 8.5
45 to 64 years 5.0 6.0 7.6 7.2
65 years and over 4.7 7.1 8.5 8.4
65 to 74 years 4.2 6.1 7.4 7.2
75 years and over 5.4 8.2 9.9 9.8
Family Relationship
In families 6.3 6.9 10.9 8.8
Married-couple families 3.2 3.6 6.0 4.7
With related children under 18 3.7 4.1 7.8 5.8
Female hhlder, no husband present 20.0 21.4 32.3 27.1
With related children under 18 24.6 25.9 40.0 33.3
Unrelated individuals 14.0 16.1 18.6 18.5
Living alone 9.7 12.1 15.3 15.3
65 years and over 7.5 11.9 15.6 15.6
109/17/99 11
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 7.4 8.2 11.9 10.2
Inside central cities 11.0 11.8 17.8 15.3
Outside central cities 5.4 6.1 8.4 7.2
Outside metropolitan areas 8.3 9.8 13.9 11.9
Region
Northeast 7.2 7.8 11.9 10.3
Midwest 6.1 6.9 10.0 8.6
South 8.2 9.5 13.2 11.4
West 8.5 9.3 13.4 11.3
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 6.5 7.4 10.0 8.9
18 to 24 years old 12.4 12.8 16.3 14.7
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 18.0 18.7 24.9 22.1
25 years old and over 5.6 6.6 9.1 8.1
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 12.9 15.9 21.9 19.8
High school graduate, no college 5.9 6.9 9.5 8.4
College: Less than bachelor's degree 3.9 4.4 6.2 5.3
Bachelor's degree or more 2.1 2.3 2.8 2.6
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 6.6 7.2 10.0 8.8
Worked at full-time jobs 2.7 2.9 4.8 3.7
50 to 52 weeks 1.4 1.5 2.9 2.0
Worked at part-time jobs 9.5 10.2 13.6 12.0
Did not work 19.8 22.4 28.1 26.4
109/17/99 12
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 29.4 33.2 49.5 45.6
AFDC or other non-SSI 40.2 43.5 64.8 58.8
SSI 19.9 24.0 37.4 35.0
Food stamps 35.1 38.4 63.2 55.9
Housing assistance 26.5 28.3 56.4 50.0
Energy assistance 30.0 34.6 57.7 50.5
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 22.2 24.3 41.3 32.7
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 39.1 43.2 67.9 62.4
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 1.6 1.8 3.5 2.6
Medicare 5.6 8.2 10.4 10.3
Also Medicaid 13.3 19.7 31.2 30.7
Medicaid 27.3 30.9 48.2 42.4
Not covered 18.4 19.7 25.4 21.6
109/17/99 13
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 30754 51026 50593 48974 51338 51660 47502 47868 29929
Age
Under 18 years 12108 14211 14130 13392 14433 14492 12173 12242 10940
Related children 11518 13596 13521 12788 13823 13883 11617 11683 10396
Under 6 years 4349 4831 4805 4549 4937 4946 4131 4143 3838
18 to 24 years 3904 4690 4640 4467 4778 4824 4460 4507 3895
25 to 44 years 7820 9778 9703 9224 9933 10034 8771 8884 7422
45 to 64 years 4181 7370 7286 7130 7335 7406 7214 7275 4555
65 years and over 2741 14979 14834 14760 14860 14904 14884 14960 3117
65 to 74 years 1294 7014 6928 6865 6933 6951 6938 6984 1508
75 years and over 1447 7965 7906 7895 7927 7952 7946 7976 1609
Family Relationship
In families 22573 36272 35923 34411 36481 36735 32665 32937 21205
Married-couple families 9416 18961 18687 17714 19053 19152 17028 17186 8365
With related children under 18 7406 9258 9155 8280 9495 9557 7453 7511 6138
Female hhlder, no husband present 11896 15382 15310 14829 15428 15578 13903 14007 11614
With related children under 18 11025 13030 12989 12536 13093 13181 11533 11623 10439
Unrelated individuals 7596 14129 14059 13952 14245 14313 14304 14398 8206
Living alone 3993 9763 9725 9684 9798 9820 9817 9875 4364
65 years and over 1520 6385 6362 6359 6374 6374 6374 6406 1667
109/17/99 14
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 24138 39387 38989 37678 39444 39705 36524 36802 23538
Inside central cities 13385 19912 19798 19143 20038 20211 18438 18569 13272
Outside central cities 10753 19475 19191 18536 19407 19494 18087 18233 10266
Outside metropolitan areas 6616 11639 11604 11295 11894 11955 10978 11066 6391
Region
Northeast 5716 9757 9672 9397 9695 9769 9101 9200 5800
Midwest 5804 10491 10395 10051 10488 10544 9780 9922 5566
South 11582 19174 19015 18489 19404 19553 17880 17979 11094
West 7651 11605 11512 11037 11752 11795 10741 10767 7467
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 18646 36816 36463 35581 36906 37168 35328 35626 18988
18 to 24 years old 3904 4690 4640 4467 4778 4824 4460 4507 3895
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1364 1638 1631 1570 1668 1685 1562 1573 1401
25 years old and over 14742 32126 31823 31115 32127 32344 30868 31119 15094
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 5943 12656 12553 12333 12688 12787 12280 12386 6300
High school graduate, no college 5169 11565 11442 11167 11537 11598 11027 11105 5157
College: Less than bachelor's degree 2477 5408 5357 5209 5402 5434 5116 5165 2477
Bachelor's degree or more 1152 2498 2471 2406 2500 2525 2446 2463 1160
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 14744 20421 20218 19474 20621 20825 19114 19321 14706
Worked at full-time jobs 4597 5653 5555 5087 5755 5884 4853 4965 4113
50 to 52 weeks 2175 2609 2563 2240 2692 2770 2055 2129 1812
Worked at part-time jobs 2532 3324 3280 3190 3437 3458 3166 3208 2505
Did not work 7615 11444 11383 11197 11429 11483 11094 11148 8088
109/17/99 15
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 9420 13227 13119 13020 13254 13287 12759 12789 11355
AFDC or other non-SSI 6442 7851 7765 7694 7864 7885 7471 7482 6996
SSI 4037 6907 6880 6853 6921 6938 6804 6834 5716
Food stamps 12422 15311 15218 14928 15332 15378 14145 14223 12697
Housing assistance 6233 8258 8203 8074 8304 8306 7658 7679 6331
Energy assistance 3306 4576 4560 4459 4520 4533 4284 4305 3434
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 13212 16052 15928 15119 16263 16363 13835 13940 12226
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 7644 9666 9606 9541 9690 9717 9320 9343 8653
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 5011 9052 8956 7590 8207 8294 7163 7246 3534
Medicare 3707 17461 17319 17224 17362 17413 17346 17437 4286
Also Medicaid 1430 3242 3231 3215 3238 3249 3233 3239 1916
Medicaid 12800 17383 17263 16999 17461 17521 16187 16228 13715
Not covered 10136 12074 11952 11793 12867 13009 11436 11572 9631
109/17/99 16
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 29146 29134 26638 25620 22315 20611 23014 33250 28445
Age
Under 18 years 10823 10814 9972 9526 7922 7646 8180 13275 10638
Related children 10280 10271 9433 9026 7456 7182 7674 12663 10083
Under 6 years 3819 3817 3602 3439 2887 2800 2987 4718 3805
18 to 24 years 3864 3864 3668 3525 3267 3216 3335 4244 3815
25 to 44 years 7297 7293 6674 6425 5556 5345 5728 8566 7112
45 to 64 years 4350 4350 3880 3724 3350 2880 3483 4414 4158
65 years and over 2812 2812 2443 2420 2220 1524 2289 2752 2722
65 to 74 years 1355 1355 1152 1139 1054 741 1093 1312 1290
75 years and over 1457 1457 1292 1281 1166 783 1196 1440 1433
Family Relationship
In families 20731 20718 18719 17965 15263 14242 15667 24714 20056
Married-couple families 8091 8091 7431 7088 6222 5596 6406 10686 8356
With related children under 18 5992 5992 5557 5268 4438 4145 4588 8669 6371
Female hhlder, no husband present 11470 11457 10244 9842 8145 7812 8332 12592 10588
With related children under 18 10380 10367 9394 9000 7387 7183 7571 11692 9724
Unrelated individuals 7903 7903 7414 7199 6637 5953 6868 7923 7865
Living alone 4166 4166 3820 3718 3233 2589 3236 4094 4071
65 years and over 1517 1517 1349 1327 1158 733 1159 1517 1517
109/17/99 17
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 22937 22924 20917 20055 17408 16305 17923 25993 22265
Inside central cities 12900 12895 11556 10996 9269 8866 9550 14347 12372
Outside central cities 10037 10029 9360 9058 8139 7440 8372 11645 9893
Outside metropolitan areas 6209 6209 5721 5565 4908 4306 5092 7257 6180
Region
Northeast 5625 5613 4916 4625 3884 3704 4010 6137 5313
Midwest 5438 5438 5049 4856 4147 3851 4335 6346 5423
South 10788 10788 10124 9832 8736 7807 8976 12535 10780
West 7295 7295 6549 6307 5548 5249 5693 8233 6929
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 18323 18319 16666 16094 14393 12965 14834 19975 17807
18 to 24 years old 3864 3864 3668 3525 3267 3216 3335 4244 3815
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1386 1386 1276 1226 1094 1073 1119 1489 1319
25 years old and over 14459 14455 12998 12569 11126 9749 11500 15731 13992
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 5955 5954 5295 5099 4394 3728 4588 6311 5712
High school graduate, no college 4979 4976 4506 4350 3880 3447 3980 5518 4861
College: Less than bachelor's degree 2379 2379 2146 2094 1869 1667 1920 2664 2301
Bachelor's degree or more 1146 1146 1050 1026 984 907 1011 1237 1118
Work Experience in 1998-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 14351 14347 13123 12606 11193 10483 11548 15951 13960
Worked at full-time jobs 4053 4051 3785 3667 3195 3057 3250 5391 4184
50 to 52 weeks 1765 1763 1648 1610 1406 1345 1437 2730 1900
Worked at part-time jobs 2462 2459 2268 2186 1976 1884 2028 2712 2385
Did not work 7837 7837 7070 6753 6023 5542 6270 7847 7391
109/17/99 18
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1998-X1 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 10934 10934 8501 7805 6087 5729 6464 9646 8876
AFDC or other non-SSI 6944 6944 5867 5428 4183 4068 4401 6563 5952
SSI 5318 5318 3573 3171 2475 2203 2664 4143 3881
Food stamps 12434 12434 10880 10061 7492 7149 7812 12871 11389
Housing assistance 6095 6095 5376 4907 3027 3027 3231 6442 5712
Energy assistance 3357 3357 2875 2641 1971 1766 2037 3402 2974
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 12026 12026 10796 10256 8230 7798 8536 14497 11486
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 8478 8478 6941 6340 4745 4517 4990 7841 7201
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 3486 3484 3326 3290 2924 2696 2952 5851 4351
Medicare 3773 3773 3230 3175 2770 2010 2932 3747 3683
Also Medicaid 1630 1630 1150 1095 834 617 916 1449 1425
Medicaid 13321 13321 11188 10287 8049 7537 8541 13338 11721
Not covered 9507 9497 9273 9175 8525 8069 8638 11151 9488