07/17/98 1
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 5316 31.0 42.4 42.4 42.1
Age
15 to 24 years 576 46.4 49.8 49.8 49.2
25 to 44 years 2081 22.8 25.1 25.1 24.5
45 to 54 years 944 24.2 30.3 30.3 30.1
55 to 64 years 669 38.3 49.3 49.3 49.1
65 years and over 1045 40.0 79.4 79.4 79.4
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 4644 30.1 40.9 40.9 40.5
Inside central cities 3148 32.1 44.7 44.7 44.1
Outside central cities 1495 25.9 33.1 33.1 32.9
Outside metropolitan areas 672 36.9 52.7 52.7 52.7
Region
Northeast 1002 33.1 49.3 49.3 48.7
Midwest 1020 30.4 44.0 44.0 44.0
South 2791 31.5 41.2 41.2 40.7
West 502 24.8 32.3 32.3 32.3
07/17/98 2
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 5280 30.5 42.0 42.0 41.7
18 to 24 years old 541 43.4 46.4 46.4 45.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 84 77.3 84.6 84.6 84.6
25 years old and over 4739 29.1 41.5 41.5 41.2
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1379 49.9 73.0 73.0 72.7
High school graduate, no college 1561 29.2 39.1 39.1 38.7
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1038 16.1 24.4 24.4 23.9
Bachelor's degree or more 762 8.7 12.8 12.8 12.8
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 20 to 64 years 4139 27.5 32.2 32.2 31.7
Worked at full-time jobs 2808 9.3 10.0 10.0 9.3
50 to 52 weeks 2271 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.4
Worked at part-time jobs 397 43.0 50.1 50.1 50.1
Did not work 934 75.7 91.1 91.1 91.1
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 644 76.8 95.4 95.4 95.4
AFDC or other non-SSI 140 81.3 88.3 88.3 88.3
SSI 527 76.1 96.9 96.9 96.9
Food stamps 639 74.2 88.3 88.3 88.3
Housing assistance 649 58.2 80.3 80.3 80.3
Energy assistance 272 69.9 84.6 84.6 84.6
Food stamps and cash assistance 331 82.6 96.6 96.6 96.6
07/17/98 3
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 2371 6.5 10.9 10.9 10.1
Medicare 1311 45.4 82.4 82.4 82.4
Also Medicaid 476 67.3 94.7 94.7 94.7
Medicaid 899 69.8 89.9 89.9 89.9
Not covered by:
Health insurance 1172 46.2 48.7 48.7 48.7
07/17/98 4
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 43.0 43.7 43.4 43.5 33.7
Age
15 to 24 years 49.8 49.8 49.8 49.8 47.5
25 to 44 years 26.3 27.8 27.1 27.2 25.6
45 to 54 years 30.1 30.9 30.9 30.9 26.0
55 to 64 years 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 41.4
65 years and over 79.6 79.6 79.6 79.6 44.1
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 41.1 41.9 41.6 41.7 32.3
Inside central cities 44.8 45.6 45.4 45.5 34.6
Outside central cities 33.5 34.2 33.6 33.6 27.4
Outside metropolitan areas 55.8 55.8 55.8 55.8 43.1
Region
Northeast 49.1 49.6 49.3 49.6 36.7
Midwest 45.0 45.5 45.5 45.5 32.4
South 41.9 42.8 42.4 42.4 34.2
West 32.7 33.1 33.1 33.1 27.2
07/17/98 5
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 42.6 43.3 43.0 43.1 33.3
18 to 24 years old 46.4 46.4 46.4 46.4 44.6
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 84.6 84.6 84.6 84.6 84.6
25 years old and over 42.2 43.0 42.7 42.7 32.0
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 73.3 73.5 73.5 73.5 54.9
High school graduate, no college 40.6 42.5 41.7 41.7 32.3
College: Less than bachelor's degree 24.6 24.8 24.6 24.8 17.5
Bachelor's degree or more 13.0 13.4 13.4 13.4 9.4
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 20 to 64 years 32.8 33.7 33.4 33.4 29.9
Worked at full-time jobs 10.8 11.8 11.3 11.3 10.3
50 to 52 weeks 4.2 4.6 4.3 4.4 4.2
Worked at part-time jobs 51.8 53.5 53.5 53.5 47.6
Did not work 91.1 91.3 91.3 91.3 81.1
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 95.4 95.8 95.4 95.8 92.4
AFDC or other non-SSI 88.3 89.8 88.3 89.8 89.4
SSI 96.9 96.9 96.9 96.9 92.9
Food stamps 90.0 91.9 90.4 90.7 83.1
Housing assistance 81.3 82.9 81.3 81.7 66.3
Energy assistance 88.4 88.4 88.4 88.4 81.2
Food stamps and cash assistance 96.6 97.2 96.6 97.2 96.8
07/17/98 6
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 10.7 11.1 10.9 11.0 6.5
Medicare 82.6 82.6 82.6 82.6 49.6
Also Medicaid 94.7 94.7 94.7 94.7 77.6
Medicaid 89.9 90.5 90.3 90.5 80.1
Not covered by:
Health insurance 51.3 53.1 52.5 52.5 49.4
07/17/98 7
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 31.7 31.7 29.3 28.1 25.0
Age
15 to 24 years 47.5 47.5 45.6 44.7 41.8
25 to 44 years 25.2 25.2 23.9 23.1 20.4
45 to 54 years 24.0 24.0 22.3 21.3 18.7
55 to 64 years 39.7 39.7 35.8 33.2 27.9
65 years and over 38.0 38.0 33.2 32.1 28.6
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 30.2 30.2 28.1 27.2 24.0
Inside central cities 32.3 32.3 29.9 28.9 24.9
Outside central cities 25.8 25.8 24.2 23.5 22.1
Outside metropolitan areas 42.3 42.3 37.8 34.9 31.5
Region
Northeast 33.5 33.5 28.7 26.5 21.6
Midwest 31.4 31.4 29.3 29.0 24.5
South 32.3 32.3 30.6 29.5 27.4
West 25.7 25.7 23.6 22.3 19.1
07/17/98 8
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 31.3 31.3 28.9 27.8 24.6
18 to 24 years old 44.6 44.6 42.5 42.5 39.4
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 84.6 84.6 77.3 77.3 70.0
25 years old and over 29.8 29.8 27.3 26.1 22.9
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 50.1 50.1 44.2 41.9 35.4
High school graduate, no college 30.7 30.7 29.6 28.3 25.1
College: Less than bachelor's degree 16.6 16.6 14.9 14.6 14.3
Bachelor's degree or more 9.3 9.3 8.9 8.7 7.7
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 20 to 64 years 29.0 29.0 27.1 26.0 22.9
Worked at full-time jobs 10.3 10.3 10.1 10.1 8.6
50 to 52 weeks 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.9
Worked at part-time jobs 47.6 47.6 45.4 45.4 40.6
Did not work 77.1 77.1 70.7 65.9 58.2
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 86.0 86.0 66.9 58.4 43.8
AFDC or other non-SSI 89.4 89.4 78.6 72.8 53.6
SSI 85.1 85.1 64.4 54.0 40.0
Food stamps 77.6 77.6 69.6 65.2 50.6
Housing assistance 57.9 57.9 48.8 43.7 21.0
Energy assistance 77.0 77.0 67.2 61.7 56.5
Food stamps and cash assistance 92.4 92.4 76.8 68.5 50.8
07/17/98 9
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 6.5 6.5 6.1 6.1 5.8
Medicare 41.8 41.8 36.1 35.2 29.5
Also Medicaid 66.8 66.8 52.6 50.1 38.2
Medicaid 74.4 74.4 61.7 54.8 43.5
Not covered by:
Health insurance 49.4 49.4 49.2 49.2 46.9
07/17/98 10
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 22.3 26.8 32.2 32.2
Age
15 to 24 years 41.8 43.2 47.7 47.7
25 to 44 years 20.3 21.0 25.1 25.1
45 to 54 years 17.5 21.0 24.4 24.4
55 to 64 years 23.8 31.7 39.7 39.7
65 years and over 18.9 31.4 40.0 40.0
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 22.0 25.6 31.0 31.0
Inside central cities 22.9 26.7 33.2 33.2
Outside central cities 19.9 23.3 26.5 26.5
Outside metropolitan areas 24.5 35.1 40.2 40.2
Region
Northeast 20.8 22.6 34.0 34.0
Midwest 23.7 26.9 32.0 32.0
South 23.2 29.4 32.9 32.9
West 17.3 20.2 25.2 25.2
07/17/98 11
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 21.9 26.4 31.8 31.8
18 to 24 years old 39.4 40.3 44.8 44.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 70.0 72.6 77.3 77.3
25 years old and over 19.9 24.8 30.3 30.3
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 29.2 39.4 50.5 50.5
High school graduate, no college 22.6 26.4 31.7 31.7
College: Less than bachelor's degree 12.7 15.3 16.9 16.9
Bachelor's degree or more 7.4 7.9 9.2 9.2
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 20 to 64 years 21.9 24.4 29.1 29.1
Worked at full-time jobs 8.3 8.7 11.0 11.0
50 to 52 weeks 3.7 3.9 4.5 4.5
Worked at part-time jobs 40.6 41.5 47.6 47.6
Did not work 54.7 64.5 75.7 75.7
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 36.3 55.1 76.8 76.8
AFDC or other non-SSI 52.1 61.4 81.3 81.3
SSI 30.8 51.7 76.1 76.1
Food stamps 44.2 53.9 75.8 75.8
Housing assistance 21.0 23.3 59.3 59.3
Energy assistance 48.9 59.9 74.9 74.9
Food stamps and cash assistance 44.5 55.8 82.6 82.6
07/17/98 12
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 5.3 5.8 7.6 7.6
Medicare 19.9 33.5 45.4 45.4
Also Medicaid 24.3 45.1 67.3 67.3
Medicaid 35.9 52.1 69.8 69.8
Not covered by:
Health insurance 46.0 46.9 49.2 49.2
07/17/98 13
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (Black)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 1645 2256 2256 2236 2285 2323 2308 2310 1789
Age
15 to 24 years 268 287 287 284 287 287 287 287 274
25 to 44 years 475 523 523 510 548 578 564 566 532
45 to 54 years 228 286 286 284 284 291 291 291 245
55 to 64 years 257 330 330 328 334 334 334 334 277
65 years and over 418 830 830 830 832 832 832 832 461
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 1397 1902 1902 1881 1910 1947 1933 1935 1499
Inside central cities 1010 1407 1407 1390 1409 1437 1430 1432 1090
Outside central cities 388 495 495 492 501 511 503 503 409
Outside metropolitan areas 248 354 354 354 375 375 375 375 290
Region
Northeast 332 494 494 488 492 497 495 497 368
Midwest 310 449 449 449 460 465 465 465 330
South 879 1151 1151 1137 1170 1195 1183 1183 955
West 124 162 162 162 164 166 166 166 136
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 1612 2220 2220 2200 2249 2287 2273 2275 1756
18 to 24 years old 235 251 251 248 251 251 251 251 241
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 65 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71
25 years old and over 1378 1969 1969 1952 1998 2036 2022 2024 1515
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 689 1008 1008 1003 1011 1014 1014 1014 757
High school graduate, no college 455 611 611 604 633 663 651 651 505
College: Less than bachelor's degree 167 254 254 249 255 257 255 257 181
Bachelor's degree or more 66 97 97 97 99 102 102 102 71
07/17/98 14
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (Black)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 20 to 64 years 1139 1332 1332 1312 1359 1396 1382 1384 1237
Worked at full-time jobs 261 282 282 262 302 331 316 319 290
50 to 52 weeks 81 86 86 77 95 104 98 100 95
Worked at part-time jobs 171 199 199 199 206 213 213 213 189
Did not work 707 851 851 851 851 853 853 853 758
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 494 614 614 614 614 616 614 616 595
AFDC or other non-SSI 114 124 124 124 124 126 124 126 125
SSI 401 511 511 511 511 511 511 511 490
Food stamps 474 565 565 565 575 588 578 580 531
Housing assistance 378 521 521 521 528 538 528 530 430
Energy assistance 190 230 230 230 240 240 240 240 221
Food stamps and cash assistance 274 320 320 320 320 322 320 322 321
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 153 259 259 239 253 264 258 260 155
Medicare 595 1080 1080 1080 1082 1082 1082 1082 650
Also Medicaid 320 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 369
Medicaid 627 808 808 808 808 813 811 813 720
Not covered by:
Health insurance 542 571 571 571 602 623 615 615 579
07/17/98 15
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (Black)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 1687 1687 1558 1496 1327 1184 1424 1712 1712
Age
15 to 24 years 274 274 263 258 241 241 249 275 275
25 to 44 years 525 525 498 480 424 422 437 523 523
45 to 54 years 226 226 211 201 177 165 198 230 230
55 to 64 years 265 265 240 222 187 159 212 266 266
65 years and over 397 397 347 335 299 197 328 418 418
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 1403 1403 1304 1261 1115 1019 1188 1442 1442
Inside central cities 1017 1017 942 909 785 722 839 1045 1045
Outside central cities 386 386 362 352 330 297 349 397 397
Outside metropolitan areas 284 284 254 234 212 165 236 270 270
Region
Northeast 336 336 288 266 217 208 226 341 341
Midwest 321 321 298 296 250 242 275 326 326
South 901 901 853 823 765 647 821 919 919
West 129 129 118 112 96 87 101 126 126
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 1654 1654 1525 1468 1300 1156 1393 1679 1679
18 to 24 years old 241 241 230 230 213 213 218 242 242
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 71 71 65 65 59 59 61 65 65
25 years old and over 1413 1413 1295 1238 1087 943 1175 1437 1437
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 691 691 610 578 488 402 543 696 696
High school graduate, no college 479 479 462 442 392 353 413 495 495
College: Less than bachelor's degree 172 172 155 152 148 131 158 175 175
Bachelor's degree or more 71 71 68 66 58 57 60 70 70
07/17/98 16
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (Black)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 20 to 64 years 1199 1199 1123 1078 947 905 1011 1206 1206
Worked at full-time jobs 290 290 282 282 242 233 244 309 309
50 to 52 weeks 95 95 93 93 87 84 90 102 102
Worked at part-time jobs 189 189 180 180 161 161 165 189 189
Did not work 720 720 660 615 544 511 602 707 707
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 554 554 431 376 282 234 355 494 494
AFDC or other non-SSI 125 125 110 102 75 73 86 114 114
SSI 449 449 340 285 211 163 273 401 401
Food stamps 496 496 445 417 323 283 345 484 484
Housing assistance 375 375 316 283 136 136 151 384 384
Energy assistance 210 210 183 168 154 133 163 204 204
Food stamps and cash assistance 306 306 255 227 168 147 185 274 274
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 153 153 146 146 137 127 137 180 180
Medicare 548 548 473 461 386 261 439 595 595
Also Medicaid 318 318 250 238 182 116 215 320 320
Medicaid 669 669 555 493 391 323 468 627 627
Not covered by:
Health insurance 579 579 577 577 549 539 549 577 577