07/17/98 1
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 34858 18.9 34.9 34.8 34.5
Age
15 to 24 years 4565 36.5 39.2 39.0 38.4
25 to 44 years 12634 13.0 15.0 15.0 14.7
45 to 54 years 4755 16.5 21.0 21.1 20.6
55 to 64 years 3460 21.3 33.8 33.5 33.2
65 years and over 9444 18.6 67.0 66.7 66.5
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 28325 17.5 32.5 32.3 32.0
Inside central cities 12247 20.2 33.3 33.2 32.8
Outside central cities 16078 15.5 31.8 31.7 31.4
Outside metropolitan areas 6532 25.0 45.6 45.5 45.3
Region
Northeast 7044 18.0 36.7 36.7 36.2
Midwest 8421 17.3 34.7 34.5 34.2
South 11049 19.9 35.6 35.5 35.4
West 8344 19.9 32.9 32.6 32.2
07/17/98 2
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 34656 18.5 34.6 34.5 34.2
18 to 24 years old 4363 34.0 36.8 36.5 36.0
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 600 62.4 63.2 63.2 62.5
25 years old and over 30292 16.3 34.3 34.2 33.9
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 5458 35.2 71.1 70.9 70.5
High school graduate, no college 9316 17.1 38.1 38.1 37.7
College: Less than bachelor's degree 7585 11.6 26.3 26.1 25.8
Bachelor's degree or more 7933 6.7 12.2 12.1 11.9
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 20 to 64 years 24505 17.1 21.2 21.1 20.7
Worked at full-time jobs 18490 5.9 6.7 6.6 6.3
50 to 52 weeks 15038 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.3
Worked at part-time jobs 2728 34.5 42.4 41.7 40.4
Did not work 3287 65.6 85.0 85.1 85.1
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 1521 71.9 95.6 95.5 95.5
AFDC or other non-SSI 286 68.0 92.0 92.0 92.0
SSI 1288 72.6 96.6 96.5 96.5
Food stamps 1595 74.5 88.8 88.8 88.2
Housing assistance 1680 49.3 83.8 83.6 83.5
Energy assistance 902 54.7 87.4 87.4 87.0
Food stamps and cash assistance 778 82.8 97.1 97.1 97.1
07/17/98 3
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 16959 4.8 10.7 10.6 10.0
Medicare 10227 21.3 69.5 69.3 69.1
Also Medicaid 1502 52.1 89.0 88.9 88.9
Medicaid 2717 59.4 86.4 86.3 85.8
Not covered by:
Health insurance 6383 35.9 38.7 38.5 38.5
07/17/98 4
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 35.3 35.6 35.5 35.8 20.5
Age
15 to 24 years 40.1 40.5 40.5 40.9 38.6
25 to 44 years 15.8 16.1 16.0 16.3 14.4
45 to 54 years 21.3 21.7 21.5 21.8 18.3
55 to 64 years 33.8 34.2 34.2 34.5 23.2
65 years and over 66.8 66.8 66.8 67.0 19.9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 32.8 33.1 33.0 33.3 19.1
Inside central cities 33.8 34.1 34.0 34.2 21.9
Outside central cities 32.1 32.3 32.3 32.6 16.9
Outside metropolitan areas 46.2 46.5 46.5 46.9 26.6
Region
Northeast 36.8 37.0 37.0 37.3 19.4
Midwest 35.0 35.2 35.1 35.4 18.3
South 36.2 36.5 36.4 36.7 21.6
West 33.2 33.5 33.5 33.7 22.0
07/17/98 5
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 35.0 35.3 35.2 35.5 20.1
18 to 24 years old 37.7 38.1 38.1 38.5 36.1
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 64.0 64.0 64.0 64.6 62.5
25 years old and over 34.6 34.9 34.8 35.0 17.7
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 71.6 72.0 71.9 72.2 38.6
High school graduate, no college 38.4 38.7 38.6 38.9 18.4
College: Less than bachelor's degree 26.5 26.7 26.7 26.9 12.7
Bachelor's degree or more 12.4 12.6 12.6 12.8 7.5
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 20 to 64 years 21.7 22.1 22.0 22.3 18.8
Worked at full-time jobs 7.3 7.6 7.5 7.8 6.9
50 to 52 weeks 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.1
Worked at part-time jobs 43.3 44.3 44.1 44.8 38.2
Did not work 85.1 85.3 85.3 85.4 69.5
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 95.9 95.9 95.9 95.9 88.7
AFDC or other non-SSI 92.7 92.7 92.7 92.7 84.3
SSI 96.8 96.8 96.8 96.8 90.2
Food stamps 89.7 89.7 89.5 89.9 81.4
Housing assistance 84.1 84.3 84.2 84.2 55.0
Energy assistance 88.1 88.5 88.5 89.1 62.4
Food stamps and cash assistance 97.4 97.4 97.4 97.4 94.6
07/17/98 6
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 10.2 10.3 10.3 10.5 4.7
Medicare 69.3 69.3 69.3 69.5 23.0
Also Medicaid 89.0 89.0 89.0 89.0 61.8
Medicaid 86.3 86.4 86.2 86.3 68.5
Not covered by:
Health insurance 41.3 42.3 42.2 42.8 39.2
07/17/98 7
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 19.5 19.5 18.6 18.1 17.2
Age
15 to 24 years 38.6 38.6 38.2 37.6 37.1
25 to 44 years 13.9 13.9 13.3 12.9 12.4
45 to 54 years 17.9 17.9 16.9 16.2 15.1
55 to 64 years 22.3 22.3 20.9 19.9 18.6
65 years and over 17.5 17.5 16.3 16.0 14.5
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 18.0 18.0 17.2 16.7 15.9
Inside central cities 21.0 21.0 19.8 19.4 18.1
Outside central cities 15.8 15.8 15.2 14.7 14.2
Outside metropolitan areas 25.8 25.8 24.9 24.2 22.9
Region
Northeast 17.8 17.8 16.6 15.9 14.7
Midwest 17.5 17.5 17.0 16.5 15.6
South 20.8 20.8 20.1 19.7 18.5
West 21.2 21.2 20.0 19.6 19.1
07/17/98 8
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 19.1 19.1 18.2 17.7 16.8
18 to 24 years old 36.1 36.1 35.8 35.3 34.7
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 62.5 62.5 62.5 60.1 58.9
25 years old and over 16.6 16.6 15.7 15.2 14.2
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 35.3 35.3 32.9 31.4 28.6
High school graduate, no college 17.4 17.4 16.6 16.2 15.3
College: Less than bachelor's degree 12.0 12.0 11.5 11.2 10.6
Bachelor's degree or more 7.2 7.2 6.7 6.7 6.4
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 20 to 64 years 18.3 18.3 17.6 17.0 16.3
Worked at full-time jobs 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.5
50 to 52 weeks 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0
Worked at part-time jobs 37.7 37.7 36.0 35.3 34.5
Did not work 66.9 66.9 63.3 59.9 56.3
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 82.1 82.1 64.4 55.6 44.6
AFDC or other non-SSI 81.4 81.4 67.4 64.3 60.4
SSI 82.5 82.5 63.6 53.8 41.5
Food stamps 75.1 75.1 68.5 62.3 49.3
Housing assistance 44.3 44.3 37.7 34.0 19.3
Energy assistance 56.8 56.8 51.8 48.4 40.3
Food stamps and cash assistance 89.4 89.4 75.9 65.6 48.6
07/17/98 9
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.4
Medicare 19.6 19.6 17.9 17.5 15.5
Also Medicaid 51.3 51.3 40.4 37.7 28.4
Medicaid 62.7 62.7 52.9 46.7 39.0
Not covered by:
Health insurance 39.2 39.2 39.2 39.2 38.7
07/17/98 10
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 15.0 17.9 20.0 20.0
Age
15 to 24 years 36.8 37.6 39.1 39.1
25 to 44 years 12.1 13.2 14.4 14.3
45 to 54 years 13.6 15.8 17.9 17.8
55 to 64 years 15.6 19.7 22.1 22.1
65 years and over 8.9 15.0 18.6 18.6
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 14.0 16.5 18.6 18.6
Inside central cities 16.7 18.7 21.4 21.3
Outside central cities 11.9 14.9 16.5 16.5
Outside metropolitan areas 19.6 23.8 26.1 26.1
Region
Northeast 12.7 15.3 18.9 18.9
Midwest 13.9 16.4 18.3 18.2
South 15.6 19.3 21.1 21.1
West 17.3 19.7 21.3 21.2
07/17/98 11
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 14.6 17.5 19.6 19.6
18 to 24 years old 34.5 35.2 36.7 36.7
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 58.3 61.7 63.8 63.8
25 years old and over 11.7 14.9 17.1 17.1
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 22.8 30.6 36.5 36.5
High school graduate, no college 12.8 15.9 18.0 18.0
College: Less than bachelor's degree 8.9 11.2 12.4 12.3
Bachelor's degree or more 5.7 6.7 7.4 7.3
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 20 to 64 years 15.4 17.1 18.6 18.6
Worked at full-time jobs 6.2 6.6 7.3 7.2
50 to 52 weeks 2.7 3.0 3.4 3.4
Worked at part-time jobs 33.3 35.3 38.6 38.5
Did not work 52.7 60.9 65.9 65.9
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 36.8 53.7 72.2 72.0
AFDC or other non-SSI 52.8 62.1 70.1 68.9
SSI 32.9 51.9 72.5 72.5
Food stamps 42.3 54.3 76.1 75.9
Housing assistance 19.3 20.8 50.1 50.0
Energy assistance 30.3 43.2 55.5 55.5
Food stamps and cash assistance 40.0 57.3 83.5 83.1
07/17/98 12
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 3.7 4.4 5.4 5.4
Medicare 10.0 16.8 21.3 21.3
Also Medicaid 20.1 31.6 52.1 52.1
Medicaid 33.3 45.0 59.9 59.8
Not covered by:
Health insurance 37.7 38.7 39.3 39.2
07/17/98 13
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 6593 12178 12133 12020 12312 12406 12387 12481 7136
Age
15 to 24 years 1668 1789 1779 1753 1830 1847 1847 1865 1761
25 to 44 years 1645 1896 1890 1855 1994 2036 2025 2060 1819
45 to 54 years 785 1000 1001 979 1014 1030 1022 1039 870
55 to 64 years 737 1168 1159 1148 1170 1183 1183 1192 803
65 years and over 1758 6325 6303 6284 6305 6310 6310 6324 1883
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 4963 9201 9161 9064 9296 9367 9349 9420 5397
Inside central cities 2472 4083 4067 4018 4135 4171 4163 4185 2688
Outside central cities 2490 5118 5094 5046 5161 5196 5186 5236 2709
Outside metropolitan areas 1630 2977 2973 2956 3017 3038 3038 3061 1738
Region
Northeast 1271 2587 2584 2547 2593 2605 2605 2626 1368
Midwest 1456 2920 2908 2877 2947 2966 2958 2980 1539
South 2201 3929 3918 3908 4005 4036 4027 4059 2391
West 1664 2742 2724 2688 2768 2799 2797 2816 1838
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 6410 11993 11948 11835 12128 12221 12202 12296 6951
18 to 24 years old 1485 1604 1594 1569 1645 1662 1662 1680 1576
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 375 380 380 376 384 384 384 388 375
25 years old and over 4925 10389 10354 10267 10482 10558 10539 10616 5375
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1919 3881 3869 3848 3908 3929 3924 3942 2107
High school graduate, no college 1592 3550 3549 3513 3580 3601 3592 3620 1711
College: Less than bachelor's degree 880 1992 1976 1958 2010 2028 2026 2039 964
Bachelor's degree or more 534 966 960 948 984 1000 998 1016 594
07/17/98 14
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 20 to 64 years 4194 5183 5160 5070 5329 5417 5398 5475 4602
Worked at full-time jobs 1099 1233 1227 1170 1352 1405 1392 1448 1273
50 to 52 weeks 358 382 378 347 442 489 487 514 473
Worked at part-time jobs 940 1156 1137 1104 1181 1209 1203 1221 1042
Did not work 2155 2795 2796 2796 2796 2803 2803 2806 2286
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 1094 1454 1453 1453 1459 1459 1459 1459 1350
AFDC or other non-SSI 194 263 263 263 265 265 265 265 241
SSI 935 1243 1242 1242 1246 1246 1246 1246 1161
Food stamps 1188 1416 1416 1407 1430 1430 1428 1434 1298
Housing assistance 829 1407 1405 1402 1412 1416 1414 1415 924
Energy assistance 493 788 788 785 795 799 799 804 563
Food stamps and cash assistance 644 755 755 755 758 758 758 758 735
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 807 1815 1805 1692 1738 1752 1741 1780 790
Medicare 2179 7109 7083 7063 7084 7090 7089 7105 2352
Also Medicaid 782 1337 1335 1335 1337 1337 1337 1337 928
Medicaid 1615 2346 2344 2332 2346 2348 2341 2343 1861
Not covered by:
Health insurance 2294 2469 2457 2457 2639 2698 2692 2732 2505
07/17/98 15
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 6788 6788 6488 6319 5989 5238 6244 6978 6968
Age
15 to 24 years 1761 1761 1743 1718 1693 1682 1717 1784 1784
25 to 44 years 1751 1751 1685 1627 1568 1530 1672 1819 1810
45 to 54 years 852 852 802 772 719 648 752 850 849
55 to 64 years 772 772 723 690 644 540 682 765 765
65 years and over 1652 1652 1536 1512 1366 839 1421 1761 1761
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 5104 5104 4861 4739 4496 3955 4687 5273 5263
Inside central cities 2571 2571 2424 2370 2214 2047 2289 2621 2612
Outside central cities 2533 2533 2437 2369 2282 1909 2397 2652 2651
Outside metropolitan areas 1684 1684 1627 1580 1493 1283 1557 1705 1705
Region
Northeast 1255 1255 1168 1119 1036 898 1080 1330 1330
Midwest 1473 1473 1428 1391 1316 1174 1382 1538 1534
South 2294 2294 2226 2177 2046 1721 2135 2337 2334
West 1767 1767 1667 1631 1591 1445 1647 1773 1771
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 6603 6603 6305 6140 5812 5061 6063 6795 6785
18 to 24 years old 1576 1576 1561 1539 1516 1504 1536 1601 1601
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 375 375 375 361 354 350 370 383 383
25 years old and over 5027 5027 4745 4601 4297 3557 4527 5194 5184
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1926 1926 1797 1712 1558 1242 1670 1993 1991
High school graduate, no college 1622 1622 1543 1506 1424 1191 1478 1677 1676
College: Less than bachelor's degree 909 909 870 850 803 674 849 939 936
Bachelor's degree or more 570 570 535 533 511 449 530 585 582
07/17/98 16
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 20 to 64 years 4485 4485 4304 4165 3994 3779 4185 4564 4554
Worked at full-time jobs 1258 1258 1239 1232 1203 1139 1218 1342 1336
50 to 52 weeks 471 471 468 463 452 407 457 514 514
Worked at part-time jobs 1027 1027 982 963 942 909 964 1054 1051
Did not work 2199 2199 2082 1971 1849 1731 2003 2168 2168
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 1249 1249 979 846 679 560 817 1098 1095
AFDC or other non-SSI 232 232 193 184 173 151 177 200 197
SSI 1062 1062 819 693 534 423 668 933 933
Food stamps 1198 1198 1092 993 786 675 866 1214 1211
Housing assistance 744 744 633 571 324 324 349 842 841
Energy assistance 513 513 467 437 364 273 389 501 501
Food stamps and cash assistance 695 695 590 510 378 311 445 650 646
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 784 784 773 770 744 625 748 924 923
Medicare 2004 2004 1830 1789 1581 1020 1721 2175 2175
Also Medicaid 771 771 607 566 426 303 475 782 782
Medicaid 1704 1704 1438 1269 1059 905 1223 1627 1623
Not covered by:
Health insurance 2505 2505 2501 2501 2470 2408 2470 2507 2501