07/24/98 1
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 5316 28.2 41.0 40.9 40.5
Age
15 to 24 years 576 40.9 44.6 44.6 44.6
25 to 44 years 2081 21.9 24.3 24.3 23.5
45 to 54 years 944 23.2 29.8 29.8 29.6
55 to 64 years 669 34.3 48.2 48.2 47.9
65 years and over 1045 34.1 77.9 77.5 77.5
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 4644 27.3 39.6 39.5 39.1
Inside central cities 3148 29.2 43.1 43.1 42.6
Outside central cities 1495 23.4 32.1 31.9 31.7
Outside metropolitan areas 672 33.9 51.0 50.7 50.7
Region
Northeast 1002 30.8 48.1 47.8 47.4
Midwest 1020 26.8 41.6 41.6 41.1
South 2791 29.0 40.0 39.9 39.5
West 502 20.9 31.2 31.2 31.2
07/24/98 2
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 5280 27.7 40.6 40.5 40.1
18 to 24 years old 541 37.5 40.9 40.9 40.9
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 84 61.8 72.8 72.8 72.8
25 years old and over 4739 26.6 40.6 40.5 40.1
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1379 45.4 71.7 71.4 71.1
High school graduate, no college 1561 26.9 38.0 38.0 37.1
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1038 15.1 24.0 24.0 23.8
Bachelor's degree or more 762 7.7 12.0 12.0 12.0
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 4139 25.4 30.7 30.7 30.2
Worked at full-time jobs 2808 8.0 8.7 8.7 8.0
50 to 52 weeks 2271 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.9
Worked at part-time jobs 397 38.8 46.5 46.5 46.5
Did not work 934 72.2 90.2 90.2 90.2
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 644 72.2 95.1 95.1 95.1
AFDC or other non-SSI 140 76.2 86.7 86.7 86.7
SSI 527 70.9 96.9 96.9 96.9
Food stamps 639 68.8 87.0 87.0 86.6
Housing assistance 649 52.4 78.9 78.6 78.6
Energy assistance 272 65.1 83.9 83.9 83.9
Food stamps and cash assistance 331 77.1 95.9 95.9 95.9
07/24/98 3
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 2371 5.8 9.9 9.8 9.0
Medicare 1311 39.5 81.0 80.7 80.7
Also Medicaid 476 61.7 94.7 94.7 94.7
Medicaid 899 65.6 89.5 89.5 89.5
Not covered by:
Health insurance 1172 42.7 45.6 45.6 45.6
07/24/98 4
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 41.5 41.8 41.6 41.9 31.3
Age
15 to 24 years 48.6 48.6 48.6 48.6 46.9
25 to 44 years 24.4 24.7 24.2 24.6 23.4
45 to 54 years 30.1 30.3 30.3 30.3 25.0
55 to 64 years 48.4 49.3 49.3 49.7 38.4
65 years and over 77.7 77.7 77.7 78.2 39.6
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 40.1 40.4 40.1 40.3 30.0
Inside central cities 43.6 44.0 43.8 44.0 32.3
Outside central cities 32.6 32.8 32.5 32.6 25.2
Outside metropolitan areas 51.7 51.7 51.7 52.9 40.2
Region
Northeast 48.2 48.4 48.2 48.7 35.2
Midwest 42.9 43.4 43.1 43.3 29.7
South 40.4 40.6 40.4 40.8 31.9
West 31.5 32.0 32.0 32.0 23.4
07/24/98 5
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 41.1 41.4 41.2 41.5 30.9
18 to 24 years old 45.2 45.2 45.2 45.2 43.9
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 84.6 84.6 84.6 84.6 84.6
25 years old and over 40.7 41.0 40.7 41.1 29.4
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 71.7 72.0 71.7 72.5 51.8
High school graduate, no college 38.1 38.7 38.2 38.5 28.4
College: Less than bachelor's degree 24.1 24.1 24.1 24.1 16.6
Bachelor's degree or more 12.3 12.5 12.5 12.6 8.4
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 31.5 31.8 31.5 31.8 28.0
Worked at full-time jobs 9.3 9.5 9.2 9.4 8.8
50 to 52 weeks 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.3
Worked at part-time jobs 50.1 51.1 50.1 51.2 45.3
Did not work 90.2 90.7 90.7 90.9 78.4
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 95.4 95.4 95.4 95.4 90.7
AFDC or other non-SSI 88.3 88.3 88.3 88.3 84.6
SSI 96.9 96.9 96.9 96.9 92.2
Food stamps 88.0 88.3 88.3 89.2 79.9
Housing assistance 79.4 79.4 79.4 79.4 61.2
Energy assistance 84.6 84.6 84.6 86.5 77.6
Food stamps and cash assistance 96.6 96.6 96.6 96.6 95.5
07/24/98 6
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 9.4 9.7 9.4 9.6 5.5
Medicare 80.9 80.9 80.9 81.4 45.2
Also Medicaid 94.7 94.7 94.7 94.7 75.8
Medicaid 89.9 89.9 89.9 89.9 78.4
Not covered by:
Health insurance 48.6 48.9 48.8 49.4 46.7
07/24/98 7
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 29.4 29.4 26.6 25.5 22.3
Age
15 to 24 years 46.9 46.9 45.1 43.5 39.8
25 to 44 years 23.0 23.0 21.9 20.6 18.1
45 to 54 years 23.0 23.0 21.2 20.6 18.1
55 to 64 years 36.8 36.8 32.1 29.1 23.6
65 years and over 33.7 33.7 27.5 27.5 23.9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 28.1 28.1 25.7 24.6 21.4
Inside central cities 30.1 30.1 27.3 26.1 22.0
Outside central cities 23.9 23.9 22.3 21.4 20.1
Outside metropolitan areas 38.9 38.9 33.5 31.6 28.4
Region
Northeast 31.9 31.9 27.0 24.7 20.1
Midwest 29.1 29.1 26.6 26.4 21.7
South 29.9 29.9 27.7 26.8 24.4
West 22.7 22.7 20.1 18.0 16.2
07/24/98 8
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 29.0 29.0 26.2 25.1 21.9
18 to 24 years old 43.9 43.9 41.9 41.2 37.3
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 84.6 84.6 77.3 74.7 63.1
25 years old and over 27.3 27.3 24.4 23.3 20.2
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 46.9 46.9 39.9 38.7 31.4
High school graduate, no college 26.9 26.9 25.4 23.8 20.8
College: Less than bachelor's degree 15.8 15.8 14.3 14.0 13.7
Bachelor's degree or more 8.3 8.3 8.0 7.2 7.2
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 27.1 27.1 25.1 23.8 20.6
Worked at full-time jobs 8.8 8.8 8.6 8.3 7.2
50 to 52 weeks 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1
Worked at part-time jobs 45.3 45.3 43.1 41.8 37.9
Did not work 74.5 74.5 67.3 62.6 53.8
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 82.9 82.9 61.2 53.9 38.8
AFDC or other non-SSI 84.6 84.6 75.1 67.3 52.1
SSI 82.7 82.7 57.5 49.6 33.9
Food stamps 74.1 74.1 64.2 59.6 43.1
Housing assistance 53.5 53.5 42.6 37.6 17.6
Energy assistance 73.3 73.3 61.0 58.0 47.5
Food stamps and cash assistance 88.5 88.5 70.2 63.0 43.7
07/24/98 9
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 5.4 5.4 5.1 5.1 4.7
Medicare 37.7 37.7 30.5 30.1 24.4
Also Medicaid 62.6 62.6 44.3 43.1 32.4
Medicaid 71.4 71.4 56.6 49.7 38.5
Not covered by:
Health insurance 46.7 46.7 46.6 46.6 44.0
07/24/98 10
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 19.8 23.7 29.4 29.4
Age
15 to 24 years 39.8 41.1 45.9 45.9
25 to 44 years 18.0 18.6 23.1 23.1
45 to 54 years 16.4 19.5 23.7 23.7
55 to 64 years 20.9 26.3 35.1 35.1
65 years and over 14.9 26.3 34.3 34.3
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 19.7 22.6 28.4 28.4
Inside central cities 20.3 23.4 30.4 30.4
Outside central cities 18.3 21.0 24.2 24.2
Outside metropolitan areas 20.9 31.3 36.0 36.0
Region
Northeast 19.0 21.1 31.6 31.6
Midwest 20.5 23.2 28.6 28.6
South 20.7 26.0 30.4 30.4
West 15.2 16.9 21.3 21.3
07/24/98 11
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 19.4 23.3 29.0 29.0
18 to 24 years old 37.3 38.1 42.8 42.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 63.1 63.1 77.3 77.3
25 years old and over 17.4 21.6 27.4 27.4
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 25.1 34.2 46.4 46.4
High school graduate, no college 19.1 21.9 27.8 27.8
College: Less than bachelor's degree 12.2 14.6 15.7 15.7
Bachelor's degree or more 7.2 7.5 8.0 8.0
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 19.7 21.7 27.0 27.0
Worked at full-time jobs 7.0 7.2 9.5 9.5
50 to 52 weeks 3.1 3.1 3.7 3.7
Worked at part-time jobs 37.3 39.2 44.0 44.0
Did not work 50.6 58.1 72.2 72.2
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 31.1 46.9 72.5 72.5
AFDC or other non-SSI 52.1 57.0 77.8 77.8
SSI 24.5 42.5 70.9 70.9
Food stamps 37.3 44.9 70.5 70.5
Housing assistance 17.6 18.1 53.3 53.3
Energy assistance 40.7 50.2 67.7 67.7
Food stamps and cash assistance 37.8 45.8 77.8 77.8
07/24/98 12
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 4.4 4.7 6.3 6.3
Medicare 15.5 28.0 39.6 39.6
Also Medicaid 20.3 38.7 61.7 61.7
Medicaid 31.6 45.0 66.0 66.0
Not covered by:
Health insurance 43.3 44.0 46.6 46.6
07/24/98 13
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 1497 2180 2176 2156 2209 2223 2212 2229 1664
Age
15 to 24 years 236 257 257 257 280 280 280 280 271
25 to 44 years 457 505 505 489 508 514 503 512 487
45 to 54 years 219 281 281 279 284 286 286 286 236
55 to 64 years 229 322 322 321 324 330 330 332 257
65 years and over 356 814 810 810 812 812 812 818 414
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 1269 1837 1835 1814 1861 1875 1864 1873 1394
Inside central cities 919 1358 1358 1341 1373 1385 1378 1385 1018
Outside central cities 350 480 478 473 488 490 486 488 376
Outside metropolitan areas 228 343 341 341 348 348 348 356 270
Region
Northeast 309 482 480 476 483 486 483 488 353
Midwest 274 425 425 419 438 443 439 442 304
South 809 1117 1115 1104 1129 1134 1128 1139 891
West 105 157 157 157 158 160 160 160 117
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 1464 2145 2140 2120 2173 2187 2176 2193 1631
18 to 24 years old 203 221 221 221 244 244 244 244 238
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 52 61 61 61 71 71 71 71 71
25 years old and over 1261 1923 1919 1898 1928 1943 1931 1949 1394
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 626 990 985 980 989 993 989 1001 714
High school graduate, no college 420 594 594 580 595 603 596 602 443
College: Less than bachelor's degree 157 249 249 247 250 250 250 250 172
Bachelor's degree or more 58 91 91 91 93 96 96 96 64
07/24/98 14
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 1052 1272 1272 1252 1302 1317 1306 1317 1159
Worked at full-time jobs 224 245 245 224 261 267 259 264 246
50 to 52 weeks 70 71 71 66 77 81 81 81 75
Worked at part-time jobs 154 185 185 185 199 203 199 203 180
Did not work 674 843 843 843 843 847 847 849 733
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 465 612 612 612 614 614 614 614 584
AFDC or other non-SSI 107 122 122 122 124 124 124 124 119
SSI 374 511 511 511 511 511 511 511 486
Food stamps 440 556 556 554 562 565 565 570 511
Housing assistance 340 512 510 510 515 515 515 515 397
Energy assistance 177 228 228 228 230 230 230 235 211
Food stamps and cash assistance 255 318 318 318 320 320 320 320 316
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 138 235 233 213 222 231 223 228 131
Medicare 518 1062 1058 1058 1060 1060 1060 1067 593
Also Medicaid 293 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 361
Medicaid 590 805 805 805 808 808 808 808 705
Not covered by:
Health insurance 500 534 534 534 570 574 572 579 547
07/24/98 15
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 1565 1565 1417 1355 1185 1055 1259 1562 1562
Age
15 to 24 years 271 271 260 251 229 229 237 264 264
25 to 44 years 480 480 455 428 377 375 387 481 481
45 to 54 years 217 217 200 194 171 155 184 224 224
55 to 64 years 246 246 215 195 158 140 176 235 235
65 years and over 352 352 287 287 249 156 275 358 358
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 1304 1304 1192 1142 994 914 1049 1320 1320
Inside central cities 947 947 858 823 693 641 735 958 958
Outside central cities 357 357 333 320 300 274 313 362 362
Outside metropolitan areas 261 261 225 213 191 140 211 242 242
Region
Northeast 319 319 271 248 202 191 211 316 316
Midwest 297 297 271 269 222 209 237 292 292
South 835 835 773 748 680 578 727 847 847
West 114 114 101 90 81 76 85 107 107
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 1532 1532 1384 1327 1157 1027 1228 1529 1529
18 to 24 years old 238 238 227 223 202 202 206 231 231
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 71 71 65 63 53 53 53 65 65
25 years old and over 1295 1295 1157 1104 955 825 1022 1298 1298
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 647 647 551 533 433 347 472 641 641
High school graduate, no college 420 420 397 371 325 297 341 433 433
College: Less than bachelor's degree 164 164 149 146 142 126 152 163 163
Bachelor's degree or more 63 63 61 55 55 55 57 61 61
07/24/98 16
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 1122 1122 1041 984 854 817 899 1116 1116
Worked at full-time jobs 246 246 241 233 201 197 201 267 267
50 to 52 weeks 75 75 75 73 70 70 70 83 83
Worked at part-time jobs 180 180 171 166 150 148 155 175 175
Did not work 696 696 629 585 502 472 542 674 674
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 534 534 394 347 250 200 302 467 467
AFDC or other non-SSI 119 119 105 94 73 73 80 109 109
SSI 436 436 303 262 179 129 224 374 374
Food stamps 473 473 410 381 276 239 287 451 451
Housing assistance 347 347 276 244 114 114 117 346 346
Energy assistance 200 200 166 158 129 111 137 184 184
Food stamps and cash assistance 293 293 233 209 145 125 152 258 258
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 128 128 120 120 110 105 110 148 148
Medicare 494 494 400 394 320 203 367 519 519
Also Medicaid 298 298 211 205 154 97 184 293 293
Medicaid 642 642 509 447 346 284 404 593 593
Not covered by:
Health insurance 547 547 546 546 516 507 516 546 546