07/24/98 1
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 34858 16.6 33.4 33.3 33.0
Age
15 to 24 years 4565 33.0 35.8 35.5 34.8
25 to 44 years 12634 11.9 14.1 14.1 13.8
45 to 54 years 4755 15.4 20.3 20.3 20.1
55 to 64 years 3460 19.4 32.2 32.0 32.0
65 years and over 9444 14.5 65.2 64.9 64.8
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 28325 15.3 31.0 30.9 30.7
Inside central cities 12247 17.9 31.8 31.6 31.3
Outside central cities 16078 13.4 30.5 30.3 30.2
Outside metropolitan areas 6532 22.0 43.9 43.6 43.4
Region
Northeast 7044 15.8 35.3 35.3 35.0
Midwest 8421 15.0 33.0 32.7 32.4
South 11049 17.6 34.2 34.2 34.1
West 8344 17.6 31.2 30.9 30.6
07/24/98 2
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 34656 16.2 33.1 32.9 32.7
18 to 24 years old 4363 30.4 33.3 33.0 32.3
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 600 59.7 61.2 61.2 61.2
25 years old and over 30292 14.1 33.1 32.9 32.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 5458 30.2 69.4 69.0 68.6
High school graduate, no college 9316 14.6 36.6 36.5 36.4
College: Less than bachelor's degree 7585 10.5 25.4 25.2 25.1
Bachelor's degree or more 7933 6.0 11.3 11.3 11.2
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 24505 15.5 19.8 19.7 19.4
Worked at full-time jobs 18490 5.0 5.7 5.7 5.4
50 to 52 weeks 15038 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8
Worked at part-time jobs 2728 29.7 37.7 36.7 36.2
Did not work 3287 62.6 84.2 84.3 84.3
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 1521 64.3 95.5 95.4 95.2
AFDC or other non-SSI 286 61.5 91.5 91.5 90.8
SSI 1288 64.2 96.6 96.4 96.3
Food stamps 1595 66.3 87.4 87.4 87.0
Housing assistance 1680 41.5 83.2 83.1 82.9
Energy assistance 902 47.6 86.6 86.2 86.2
Food stamps and cash assistance 778 75.1 97.0 97.0 96.7
07/24/98 3
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 16959 4.1 9.8 9.7 9.2
Medicare 10227 17.1 67.8 67.5 67.4
Also Medicaid 1502 42.8 88.1 87.9 87.9
Medicaid 2717 52.6 85.4 85.3 84.8
Not covered by:
Health insurance 6383 33.3 36.2 36.0 36.0
07/24/98 4
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 34.0 34.2 34.1 34.3 18.4
Age
15 to 24 years 37.8 38.2 38.2 38.5 36.1
25 to 44 years 14.7 15.1 14.8 15.1 13.2
45 to 54 years 20.6 20.7 20.6 20.6 16.8
55 to 64 years 32.7 33.0 32.9 33.3 21.7
65 years and over 65.1 65.1 65.1 65.3 16.2
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 31.5 31.7 31.6 31.8 17.1
Inside central cities 32.4 32.6 32.4 32.6 19.9
Outside central cities 30.8 31.1 30.9 31.2 14.9
Outside metropolitan areas 44.6 45.1 45.0 45.1 23.9
Region
Northeast 35.6 35.7 35.6 35.9 17.5
Midwest 33.3 33.5 33.4 33.7 16.3
South 35.1 35.4 35.2 35.3 19.2
West 31.8 32.2 32.0 32.2 20.1
07/24/98 5
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 33.6 33.9 33.7 34.0 17.9
18 to 24 years old 35.3 35.8 35.8 36.0 33.5
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 62.5 62.5 62.5 63.1 61.9
25 years old and over 33.4 33.6 33.5 33.7 15.7
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 69.6 70.0 69.7 70.0 33.8
High school graduate, no college 37.2 37.4 37.4 37.6 16.1
College: Less than bachelor's degree 25.4 25.6 25.4 25.6 11.5
Bachelor's degree or more 11.6 11.8 11.7 11.8 6.8
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 20.5 20.8 20.6 20.9 17.2
Worked at full-time jobs 6.3 6.6 6.5 6.7 5.9
50 to 52 weeks 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.4
Worked at part-time jobs 40.1 40.5 40.0 40.5 33.7
Did not work 84.3 84.3 84.3 84.5 67.2
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 95.3 95.5 95.4 95.4 85.8
AFDC or other non-SSI 91.3 91.3 91.3 91.3 81.9
SSI 96.4 96.6 96.5 96.5 87.3
Food stamps 87.9 88.5 88.1 88.5 75.7
Housing assistance 83.1 83.6 83.6 83.6 48.4
Energy assistance 86.7 87.3 87.3 87.7 57.0
Food stamps and cash assistance 96.9 96.9 96.9 96.9 92.0
07/24/98 6
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 9.6 9.6 9.5 9.7 4.0
Medicare 67.7 67.7 67.7 67.9 19.3
Also Medicaid 88.3 88.6 88.6 88.6 55.9
Medicaid 85.4 85.7 85.5 85.6 64.2
Not covered by:
Health insurance 38.2 39.1 38.8 39.3 36.1
07/24/98 7
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 17.5 17.5 16.5 16.1 15.1
Age
15 to 24 years 36.1 36.1 35.5 35.0 34.5
25 to 44 years 12.6 12.6 12.0 11.6 11.0
45 to 54 years 16.5 16.5 15.5 15.1 13.8
55 to 64 years 20.7 20.7 18.9 18.2 16.8
65 years and over 14.4 14.4 12.8 12.7 11.4
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 16.2 16.2 15.1 14.8 13.9
Inside central cities 19.1 19.1 17.7 17.3 16.1
Outside central cities 14.0 14.0 13.2 12.9 12.2
Outside metropolitan areas 23.1 23.1 22.2 21.6 20.6
Region
Northeast 16.1 16.1 14.4 14.1 12.9
Midwest 15.6 15.6 15.0 14.6 13.5
South 18.3 18.3 17.7 17.2 16.3
West 19.4 19.4 18.0 17.8 17.2
07/24/98 8
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 17.1 17.1 16.0 15.7 14.7
18 to 24 years old 33.5 33.5 32.9 32.5 32.0
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 61.9 61.9 61.2 58.9 57.9
25 years old and over 14.7 14.7 13.6 13.2 12.2
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 30.8 30.8 28.3 27.0 24.3
High school graduate, no college 15.5 15.5 14.3 14.1 13.0
College: Less than bachelor's degree 10.7 10.7 10.0 9.9 9.3
Bachelor's degree or more 6.5 6.5 6.1 6.0 5.8
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 16.7 16.7 15.9 15.4 14.6
Worked at full-time jobs 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.6
50 to 52 weeks 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3
Worked at part-time jobs 33.0 33.0 31.4 31.0 30.1
Did not work 64.5 64.5 60.1 57.2 52.9
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 77.8 77.8 56.1 49.8 37.4
AFDC or other non-SSI 76.3 76.3 60.5 58.3 51.2
SSI 78.4 78.4 54.6 47.6 34.1
Food stamps 69.6 69.6 60.0 56.2 42.9
Housing assistance 39.8 39.8 31.4 29.1 15.2
Energy assistance 51.9 51.9 44.9 41.9 36.3
Food stamps and cash assistance 85.9 85.9 66.5 60.3 41.1
07/24/98 9
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8
Medicare 16.3 16.3 14.2 14.0 12.3
Also Medicaid 45.7 45.7 31.8 30.5 22.3
Medicaid 58.6 58.6 46.6 41.7 33.7
Not covered by:
Health insurance 36.1 36.1 36.0 36.0 35.4
07/24/98 10
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 13.2 15.7 17.7 17.6
Age
15 to 24 years 34.2 35.0 36.1 36.1
25 to 44 years 10.7 11.7 13.1 13.0
45 to 54 years 12.2 14.2 16.5 16.2
55 to 64 years 13.3 17.5 20.4 20.3
65 years and over 6.8 11.9 14.7 14.7
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 12.1 14.4 16.5 16.4
Inside central cities 14.7 16.5 19.3 19.2
Outside central cities 10.2 12.8 14.3 14.2
Outside metropolitan areas 17.6 21.4 23.1 23.1
Region
Northeast 11.2 13.4 16.7 16.7
Midwest 12.0 14.1 16.0 15.9
South 13.4 16.9 18.6 18.5
West 15.8 17.7 19.1 19.0
07/24/98 11
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 12.7 15.3 17.3 17.2
18 to 24 years old 31.7 32.5 33.6 33.6
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 57.3 59.6 61.8 61.8
25 years old and over 10.0 12.8 15.0 14.9
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 18.8 25.8 31.3 31.2
High school graduate, no college 11.0 13.4 15.7 15.6
College: Less than bachelor's degree 7.8 9.8 11.0 10.9
Bachelor's degree or more 5.0 6.0 6.6 6.6
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 13.7 15.2 16.9 16.8
Worked at full-time jobs 5.2 5.6 6.2 6.1
50 to 52 weeks 2.1 2.3 2.7 2.6
Worked at part-time jobs 28.7 30.8 34.4 33.9
Did not work 48.6 56.1 62.7 62.7
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 28.9 44.0 64.7 64.4
AFDC or other non-SSI 47.5 54.0 62.3 62.3
SSI 24.5 41.3 64.5 64.2
Food stamps 35.3 45.4 68.3 67.9
Housing assistance 15.2 15.7 41.9 41.8
Energy assistance 26.5 37.5 48.7 48.3
Food stamps and cash assistance 31.1 45.7 75.8 75.4
07/24/98 12
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 3.2 3.8 4.7 4.6
Medicare 7.7 13.3 17.2 17.2
Also Medicaid 14.9 24.6 43.1 43.1
Medicaid 27.9 38.4 53.3 53.1
Not covered by:
Health insurance 34.2 35.4 36.3 36.0
07/24/98 13
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 5786 11656 11594 11518 11841 11926 11881 11956 6402
Age
15 to 24 years 1507 1634 1620 1590 1727 1745 1745 1756 1648
25 to 44 years 1506 1781 1776 1748 1856 1903 1867 1906 1668
45 to 54 years 730 964 963 957 977 983 979 980 799
55 to 64 years 671 1115 1107 1106 1132 1141 1137 1152 752
65 years and over 1371 6162 6128 6117 6150 6153 6153 6162 1534
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 4346 8791 8743 8683 8926 8982 8938 9009 4839
Inside central cities 2192 3891 3870 3834 3966 3987 3970 3992 2443
Outside central cities 2153 4900 4873 4849 4960 4996 4968 5017 2396
Outside metropolitan areas 1440 2865 2851 2835 2915 2943 2943 2948 1563
Region
Northeast 1114 2488 2485 2463 2508 2512 2506 2529 1231
Midwest 1260 2780 2755 2726 2804 2822 2815 2838 1371
South 1944 3784 3775 3773 3875 3906 3891 3904 2124
West 1468 2603 2579 2556 2654 2686 2668 2686 1676
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 5606 11474 11412 11336 11657 11741 11696 11772 6217
18 to 24 years old 1328 1452 1438 1408 1542 1560 1560 1571 1463
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 358 368 368 368 376 376 376 379 372
25 years old and over 4279 10022 9974 9928 10115 10180 10136 10200 4753
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1646 3785 3765 3746 3800 3818 3803 3819 1843
High school graduate, no college 1358 3409 3404 3389 3466 3487 3481 3506 1502
College: Less than bachelor's degree 797 1929 1908 1902 1924 1939 1927 1938 869
Bachelor's degree or more 478 899 897 891 924 936 925 937 539
07/24/98 14
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 3800 4848 4821 4763 5028 5104 5059 5125 4227
Worked at full-time jobs 932 1054 1049 1005 1165 1228 1197 1241 1099
50 to 52 weeks 270 289 287 276 355 383 368 388 361
Worked at part-time jobs 810 1028 1002 988 1093 1106 1092 1105 920
Did not work 2058 2767 2770 2770 2770 2770 2770 2779 2208
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 977 1453 1450 1447 1450 1452 1451 1451 1305
AFDC or other non-SSI 176 261 261 260 261 261 261 261 234
SSI 826 1243 1241 1240 1241 1243 1242 1242 1124
Food stamps 1057 1395 1395 1388 1401 1411 1405 1412 1208
Housing assistance 697 1397 1395 1392 1396 1404 1404 1404 813
Energy assistance 429 781 778 778 782 788 788 791 515
Food stamps and cash assistance 584 754 754 752 753 753 753 754 716
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 696 1654 1644 1568 1625 1635 1619 1637 682
Medicare 1746 6934 6899 6888 6922 6927 6927 6941 1976
Also Medicaid 642 1323 1321 1321 1326 1331 1331 1331 839
Medicaid 1428 2321 2317 2303 2321 2328 2324 2327 1743
Not covered by:
Health insurance 2127 2308 2296 2296 2441 2497 2478 2511 2305
07/24/98 15
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 6097 6097 5736 5603 5280 4593 5475 6182 6148
Age
15 to 24 years 1648 1648 1620 1596 1574 1559 1598 1648 1648
25 to 44 years 1592 1592 1521 1466 1390 1355 1475 1655 1641
45 to 54 years 784 784 735 716 658 580 675 787 769
55 to 64 years 716 716 655 630 582 460 606 706 703
65 years and over 1357 1357 1206 1196 1076 639 1121 1387 1387
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 4587 4587 4283 4193 3936 3441 4076 4670 4637
Inside central cities 2335 2335 2165 2117 1968 1803 2019 2365 2348
Outside central cities 2252 2252 2117 2075 1968 1638 2057 2306 2289
Outside metropolitan areas 1510 1510 1453 1411 1345 1152 1399 1511 1511
Region
Northeast 1131 1131 1018 991 909 787 940 1177 1175
Midwest 1317 1317 1262 1231 1139 1013 1189 1350 1336
South 2026 2026 1951 1899 1796 1479 1870 2059 2048
West 1623 1623 1506 1483 1437 1315 1475 1596 1589
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 5912 5912 5553 5424 5103 4416 5294 5999 5965
18 to 24 years old 1463 1463 1437 1416 1397 1382 1418 1465 1465
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 372 372 367 354 348 344 358 371 371
25 years old and over 4449 4449 4116 4008 3706 3034 3876 4534 4499
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1683 1683 1542 1472 1327 1028 1408 1707 1702
High school graduate, no college 1443 1443 1336 1310 1213 1022 1252 1465 1449
College: Less than bachelor's degree 809 809 757 749 707 588 744 837 825
Bachelor's degree or more 514 514 480 477 459 395 472 524 523
07/24/98 16
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 4100 4100 3892 3782 3588 3346 3727 4153 4119
Worked at full-time jobs 1082 1082 1062 1058 1028 966 1041 1154 1133
50 to 52 weeks 358 358 357 353 346 311 350 399 395
Worked at part-time jobs 899 899 856 846 822 784 840 938 924
Did not work 2119 2119 1974 1879 1738 1597 1845 2061 2061
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 1184 1184 854 757 569 439 670 983 980
AFDC or other non-SSI 218 218 173 167 146 136 154 178 178
SSI 1010 1010 703 613 439 316 532 830 827
Food stamps 1110 1110 958 896 684 564 725 1090 1083
Housing assistance 669 669 528 489 256 256 263 705 701
Energy assistance 469 469 405 378 328 239 338 439 436
Food stamps and cash assistance 668 668 517 469 320 242 355 589 586
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 677 677 665 662 636 539 643 799 788
Medicare 1672 1672 1455 1436 1260 786 1362 1759 1759
Also Medicaid 687 687 478 458 334 224 369 647 647
Medicaid 1591 1591 1265 1132 917 758 1044 1447 1444
Not covered by:
Health insurance 2305 2305 2299 2299 2261 2184 2261 2317 2299