07/24/98 1
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 41672 18.5 34.5 34.3 34.0
Age
15 to 24 years 5435 34.7 37.7 37.4 36.8
25 to 44 years 15507 13.8 16.0 15.9 15.6
45 to 54 years 5866 16.8 22.0 22.0 21.8
55 to 64 years 4229 21.9 34.9 34.7 34.7
65 years and over 10634 16.6 66.4 66.1 66.0
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 34315 17.4 32.3 32.1 31.8
Inside central cities 16164 20.5 34.0 33.8 33.5
Outside central cities 18151 14.7 30.7 30.6 30.4
Outside metropolitan areas 7356 23.5 44.7 44.5 44.3
Region
Northeast 8259 18.0 36.9 36.8 36.4
Midwest 9636 16.5 33.9 33.6 33.3
South 14124 20.0 35.3 35.2 35.1
West 9653 18.8 31.6 31.4 31.2
07/24/98 2
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 41430 18.1 34.1 34.0 33.7
18 to 24 years old 5193 32.1 35.1 34.9 34.3
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 722 61.0 63.6 63.6 63.6
25 years old and over 36237 16.1 34.0 33.8 33.6
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 6992 33.5 69.8 69.5 69.2
High school graduate, no college 11141 16.6 36.8 36.8 36.5
College: Less than bachelor's degree 8892 11.5 25.4 25.1 25.0
Bachelor's degree or more 9212 6.6 11.6 11.6 11.5
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 29944 17.3 21.7 21.6 21.3
Worked at full-time jobs 22139 5.6 6.3 6.2 5.9
50 to 52 weeks 17991 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1
Worked at part-time jobs 3324 30.8 38.9 38.0 37.5
Did not work 4481 65.3 85.4 85.5 85.5
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 2258 66.7 95.4 95.4 95.2
AFDC or other non-SSI 460 67.3 90.0 90.0 89.6
SSI 1884 66.1 96.8 96.7 96.6
Food stamps 2312 67.5 87.3 87.3 86.9
Housing assistance 2410 45.3 82.1 81.9 81.8
Energy assistance 1190 51.8 85.9 85.6 85.6
Food stamps and cash assistance 1148 76.2 96.5 96.5 96.4
07/24/98 3
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 20020 4.4 9.8 9.7 9.2
Medicare 11721 19.9 69.3 69.0 68.9
Also Medicaid 2049 47.4 89.6 89.5 89.5
Medicaid 3752 56.1 86.5 86.4 86.0
Not covered by:
Health insurance 7955 35.3 38.1 37.9 37.9
07/24/98 4
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 35.0 35.2 35.1 35.3 20.4
Age
15 to 24 years 39.8 40.1 40.1 40.3 38.0
25 to 44 years 16.5 16.8 16.5 16.8 15.0
45 to 54 years 22.3 22.5 22.4 22.4 18.3
55 to 64 years 35.3 35.7 35.6 36.0 24.5
65 years and over 66.3 66.3 66.3 66.5 18.9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 32.7 32.9 32.8 33.0 19.3
Inside central cities 34.5 34.7 34.6 34.8 22.7
Outside central cities 31.1 31.3 31.1 31.4 16.3
Outside metropolitan areas 45.5 45.9 45.8 46.0 25.8
Region
Northeast 37.1 37.2 37.1 37.4 19.9
Midwest 34.3 34.5 34.4 34.7 18.0
South 36.1 36.3 36.2 36.3 21.9
West 32.2 32.6 32.4 32.6 21.3
07/24/98 5
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 34.6 34.9 34.7 35.0 20.0
18 to 24 years old 37.3 37.7 37.7 37.9 35.5
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 66.0 66.0 66.0 66.5 65.5
25 years old and over 34.2 34.5 34.3 34.5 17.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 70.1 70.4 70.1 70.5 37.7
High school graduate, no college 37.3 37.6 37.5 37.7 18.2
College: Less than bachelor's degree 25.3 25.5 25.3 25.5 12.5
Bachelor's degree or more 12.0 12.1 12.0 12.2 7.4
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 22.4 22.7 22.5 22.8 19.1
Worked at full-time jobs 6.8 7.2 7.0 7.2 6.5
50 to 52 weeks 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.6
Worked at part-time jobs 41.2 41.8 41.2 41.8 35.0
Did not work 85.5 85.6 85.6 85.9 70.0
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 95.4 95.5 95.5 95.5 87.5
AFDC or other non-SSI 90.4 90.4 90.4 90.4 83.3
SSI 96.7 96.8 96.7 96.7 88.8
Food stamps 87.8 88.4 88.1 88.6 77.1
Housing assistance 82.1 82.5 82.5 82.5 52.7
Energy assistance 86.2 86.7 86.7 87.4 61.8
Food stamps and cash assistance 96.6 96.6 96.6 96.7 93.0
07/24/98 6
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 9.6 9.7 9.6 9.7 4.4
Medicare 69.2 69.2 69.2 69.4 22.6
Also Medicaid 89.7 90.0 90.0 90.0 61.1
Medicaid 86.6 86.8 86.7 86.8 68.1
Not covered by:
Health insurance 40.2 41.0 40.7 41.2 38.2
07/24/98 7
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 19.5 19.5 18.2 17.7 16.5
Age
15 to 24 years 38.0 38.0 37.3 36.6 35.8
25 to 44 years 14.5 14.5 13.9 13.3 12.5
45 to 54 years 17.7 17.7 16.6 16.1 14.7
55 to 64 years 23.4 23.4 21.2 20.1 18.0
65 years and over 16.6 16.6 14.4 14.3 12.7
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 18.3 18.3 17.0 16.6 15.4
Inside central cities 21.6 21.6 19.9 19.4 17.6
Outside central cities 15.4 15.4 14.5 14.2 13.4
Outside metropolitan areas 24.9 24.9 23.5 22.8 21.5
Region
Northeast 18.3 18.3 16.3 15.7 14.1
Midwest 17.4 17.4 16.5 16.2 14.7
South 20.8 20.8 19.8 19.2 18.0
West 20.6 20.6 19.1 18.7 18.1
07/24/98 8
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 19.0 19.0 17.7 17.3 16.1
18 to 24 years old 35.5 35.5 34.8 34.3 33.5
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 65.5 65.5 64.0 61.8 59.6
25 years old and over 16.7 16.7 15.3 14.8 13.6
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 34.4 34.4 30.9 29.7 26.1
High school graduate, no college 17.4 17.4 16.2 15.7 14.4
College: Less than bachelor's degree 11.7 11.7 10.9 10.7 10.2
Bachelor's degree or more 7.1 7.1 6.7 6.6 6.4
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 18.6 18.6 17.6 17.0 15.9
Worked at full-time jobs 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.2 5.9
50 to 52 weeks 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5
Worked at part-time jobs 34.4 34.4 32.8 32.4 31.2
Did not work 67.2 67.2 62.3 59.2 54.0
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 79.5 79.5 57.7 51.2 38.3
AFDC or other non-SSI 79.4 79.4 65.7 61.9 52.4
SSI 79.8 79.8 55.3 48.1 34.4
Food stamps 71.1 71.1 61.4 57.3 43.4
Housing assistance 44.5 44.5 35.3 32.2 16.5
Energy assistance 57.0 57.0 48.5 45.5 38.7
Food stamps and cash assistance 86.8 86.8 67.6 61.1 42.3
07/24/98 9
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.0
Medicare 19.1 19.1 16.3 16.0 13.8
Also Medicaid 50.2 50.2 34.8 33.5 24.9
Medicaid 62.2 62.2 49.3 44.0 35.4
Not covered by:
Health insurance 38.2 38.2 38.1 38.1 37.2
07/24/98 10
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 14.5 17.1 19.6 19.5
Age
15 to 24 years 35.6 36.4 37.9 37.9
25 to 44 years 12.2 13.1 14.9 14.9
45 to 54 years 13.1 15.2 17.9 17.6
55 to 64 years 14.6 19.0 22.9 22.8
65 years and over 7.8 13.4 16.8 16.8
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 13.7 16.0 18.5 18.5
Inside central cities 16.2 18.2 21.8 21.7
Outside central cities 11.5 14.0 15.7 15.6
Outside metropolitan areas 18.2 22.6 24.6 24.6
Region
Northeast 12.5 14.6 18.8 18.8
Midwest 13.3 15.4 17.7 17.5
South 15.0 18.8 21.1 21.0
West 16.7 18.5 20.1 20.1
07/24/98 11
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 14.1 16.7 19.2 19.1
18 to 24 years old 33.2 34.0 35.4 35.4
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 59.1 61.1 64.6 64.6
25 years old and over 11.3 14.2 16.9 16.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 20.5 27.8 34.6 34.6
High school graduate, no college 12.4 14.9 17.7 17.5
College: Less than bachelor's degree 8.7 10.7 12.0 11.9
Bachelor's degree or more 5.7 6.5 7.2 7.2
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 15.0 16.5 18.8 18.6
Worked at full-time jobs 5.6 6.0 6.8 6.7
50 to 52 weeks 2.3 2.5 2.9 2.9
Worked at part-time jobs 30.0 31.9 35.4 35.0
Did not work 50.1 57.3 65.4 65.4
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 30.3 45.1 67.1 66.9
AFDC or other non-SSI 50.1 55.6 68.3 68.3
SSI 25.2 41.8 66.3 66.1
Food stamps 36.6 45.8 69.4 69.1
Housing assistance 16.5 17.0 45.9 45.7
Energy assistance 29.6 40.2 53.2 52.9
Food stamps and cash assistance 33.8 46.1 76.9 76.6
07/24/98 12
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 3.5 4.0 5.0 5.0
Medicare 8.8 15.1 20.0 20.0
Also Medicaid 16.9 28.1 47.6 47.6
Medicaid 29.6 40.5 56.7 56.7
Not covered by:
Health insurance 36.1 37.2 38.3 38.1
07/24/98 13
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 7709 14358 14290 14187 14572 14674 14616 14710 8520
Age
15 to 24 years 1885 2047 2032 2000 2162 2181 2181 2191 2067
25 to 44 years 2142 2478 2471 2423 2554 2609 2561 2610 2333
45 to 54 years 984 1291 1290 1281 1309 1318 1313 1315 1075
55 to 64 years 928 1476 1468 1465 1495 1511 1506 1524 1038
65 years and over 1770 7066 7028 7017 7053 7055 7055 7071 2007
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 5984 11068 11016 10929 11227 11300 11244 11324 6622
Inside central cities 3308 5488 5465 5409 5580 5613 5590 5618 3670
Outside central cities 2676 5580 5550 5520 5647 5687 5654 5706 2952
Outside metropolitan areas 1725 3290 3274 3258 3345 3373 3372 3386 1897
Region
Northeast 1485 3048 3042 3010 3063 3069 3061 3088 1643
Midwest 1593 3269 3241 3207 3306 3328 3318 3343 1736
South 2820 4987 4977 4963 5093 5131 5110 5134 3087
West 1811 3054 3030 3008 3110 3145 3126 3145 2054
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 7492 14136 14068 13966 14348 14449 14392 14486 8298
18 to 24 years old 1669 1825 1811 1779 1938 1956 1956 1967 1845
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 440 459 459 459 476 476 476 480 472
25 years old and over 5824 12311 12257 12187 12410 12493 12436 12519 6453
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 2346 4884 4858 4835 4899 4921 4902 4930 2637
High school graduate, no college 1851 4100 4095 4066 4159 4189 4174 4206 2029
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1019 2255 2235 2223 2249 2264 2251 2263 1109
Bachelor's degree or more 607 1073 1069 1063 1103 1119 1108 1120 678
07/24/98 14
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 5190 6504 6475 6390 6714 6807 6750 6829 5734
Worked at full-time jobs 1239 1385 1380 1312 1512 1583 1544 1594 1431
50 to 52 weeks 375 396 394 373 466 497 483 503 470
Worked at part-time jobs 1025 1292 1264 1247 1371 1388 1370 1388 1164
Did not work 2926 3828 3831 3831 3831 3836 3836 3847 3139
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 1506 2155 2153 2150 2155 2157 2155 2156 1975
AFDC or other non-SSI 309 414 414 412 415 415 415 415 383
SSI 1245 1823 1821 1820 1821 1823 1822 1822 1673
Food stamps 1560 2018 2018 2008 2031 2043 2036 2049 1782
Housing assistance 1092 1977 1973 1970 1979 1987 1987 1987 1271
Energy assistance 617 1022 1019 1019 1025 1031 1031 1040 736
Food stamps and cash assistance 875 1108 1108 1106 1109 1109 1109 1110 1068
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 891 1964 1952 1850 1919 1939 1915 1939 874
Medicare 2327 8124 8085 8074 8110 8115 8115 8136 2651
Also Medicaid 971 1836 1834 1834 1839 1844 1844 1844 1251
Medicaid 2106 3247 3242 3228 3250 3257 3253 3256 2555
Not covered by:
Health insurance 2808 3028 3014 3014 3200 3261 3240 3281 3040
07/24/98 15
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 8107 8107 7572 7371 6863 6042 7136 8178 8144
Age
15 to 24 years 2066 2066 2025 1991 1948 1933 1980 2059 2059
25 to 44 years 2250 2250 2154 2067 1933 1897 2031 2318 2304
45 to 54 years 1040 1040 971 946 864 769 893 1048 1031
55 to 64 years 991 991 895 851 763 617 804 968 965
65 years and over 1761 1761 1527 1517 1356 826 1427 1786 1786
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 6275 6275 5840 5698 5279 4703 5476 6365 6331
Inside central cities 3486 3486 3215 3128 2841 2620 2936 3523 3506
Outside central cities 2789 2789 2625 2570 2438 2084 2541 2843 2826
Outside metropolitan areas 1832 1832 1732 1674 1584 1339 1660 1813 1812
Region
Northeast 1510 1510 1345 1295 1163 1031 1204 1556 1554
Midwest 1675 1675 1593 1558 1418 1279 1486 1703 1689
South 2932 2932 2790 2713 2538 2121 2659 2976 2965
West 1991 1991 1843 1806 1745 1611 1787 1943 1936
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years old and over 7885 7885 7353 7161 6655 5833 6920 7959 7924
18 to 24 years old 1844 1844 1806 1780 1739 1724 1765 1839 1839
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 472 472 462 446 430 427 441 466 466
25 years old and over 6041 6041 5547 5380 4916 4109 5156 6120 6085
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 2408 2408 2162 2074 1824 1436 1944 2422 2417
High school graduate, no college 1942 1942 1802 1744 1601 1380 1659 1971 1955
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1039 1039 967 954 905 770 951 1066 1055
Bachelor's degree or more 653 653 616 607 586 523 602 660 659
07/24/98 16
Table 4. Percent of Unrelated Individuals in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 5567 5567 5273 5101 4764 4481 4951 5616 5581
Worked at full-time jobs 1414 1414 1388 1374 1310 1239 1323 1510 1489
50 to 52 weeks 467 467 466 460 447 412 452 519 515
Worked at part-time jobs 1144 1144 1091 1076 1036 996 1060 1177 1163
Did not work 3010 3010 2794 2652 2418 2246 2568 2929 2929
Program Participation Status
Received:
Cash assistance 1795 1795 1303 1155 866 685 1019 1514 1511
AFDC or other non-SSI 365 365 302 284 241 230 256 314 314
SSI 1503 1503 1042 906 647 474 787 1249 1245
Food stamps 1644 1644 1421 1324 1003 845 1058 1604 1597
Housing assistance 1073 1073 850 776 398 398 409 1105 1102
Energy assistance 678 678 577 541 461 352 479 633 630
Food stamps and cash assistance 996 996 776 701 486 388 529 883 879
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Employer-provided plan 862 862 841 838 802 695 809 1006 996
Medicare 2239 2239 1906 1881 1623 1033 1772 2341 2341
Also Medicaid 1028 1028 712 687 511 345 575 975 975
Medicaid 2332 2332 1851 1650 1330 1111 1518 2129 2125
Not covered by:
Health insurance 3040 3040 3032 3032 2960 2874 2960 3050 3032