07/17/98 1
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
All families 59515 8.4 16.6 16.5 16.0
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 2270 26.8 29.4 29.2 28.1
25 to 44 years 26568 10.6 12.4 12.3 11.7
45 to 54 years 12455 5.0 7.6 7.6 7.3
55 to 64 years 8149 6.0 12.5 12.5 12.2
65 years and over 10072 4.5 39.2 39.0 38.6
Type of Family
Married-couple families 48070 4.8 12.9 12.9 12.5
With related children under 18 22783 6.7 8.3 8.3 7.8
With related children under 6 10902 8.6 10.0 9.9 9.2
Male householder, no wife present 3137 11.9 18.9 18.7 18.2
Female householder, no husband present 8308 27.7 37.1 37.0 36.0
With related children under 18 5502 37.6 43.7 43.6 42.4
With related children under 6 2157 54.0 57.8 57.7 56.3
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 46429 7.7 15.1 15.1 14.6
Inside central cities 13865 11.9 20.1 20.0 19.5
Outside central cities 32564 5.9 13.0 13.0 12.5
Outside metropolitan areas 13086 10.9 21.9 21.7 21.2
07/17/98 2
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Region
Northeast 11390 7.6 16.1 16.0 15.5
Midwest 14771 6.1 14.5 14.5 13.9
South 20358 9.0 18.0 17.9 17.5
West 12996 10.7 17.2 17.2 16.6
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 9662 22.5 42.4 42.2 41.5
High school graduate, no college 19418 8.5 17.7 17.6 17.0
College: Less than bachelor's degree 15233 6.0 11.2 11.1 10.7
Bachelor's degree or more 15202 1.7 4.3 4.2 4.0
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 15 to 64 years 49443 9.2 12.0 12.0 11.4
Worked at full-time jobs 38276 4.6 5.5 5.4 5.0
50 to 52 weeks 33113 2.9 3.2 3.2 2.8
Worked at part-time jobs 4762 18.9 23.0 23.0 22.5
Did not work 6405 29.0 42.7 42.7 42.0
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 16802 22.4 49.7 49.5 48.7
Householder 15 to 64 years 8958 37.2 50.2 50.1 49.0
Householder 65 years and over 7844 5.6 49.0 48.8 48.4
One worker 25849 4.4 5.6 5.5 4.9
Two workers or more 16864 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5
07/17/98 3
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 3181 48.3 69.3 69.3 68.2
AFDC or other non-SSI 1721 69.2 82.1 82.0 80.9
SSI 1755 28.9 59.8 59.9 58.9
Food stamps 3348 64.3 76.7 76.3 74.6
Housing assistance 1464 57.6 70.9 70.7 69.6
Energy assistance 1009 57.7 77.6 77.3 76.3
Free or reduced-price school lunches 4891 41.1 49.4 49.2 47.3
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 1862 70.2 86.6 86.4 85.1
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 43669 2.8 6.3 6.3 5.6
Medicare 13006 6.0 37.9 37.7 37.2
Medicaid 7071 37.3 51.8 51.8 50.6
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 6566 17.9 21.2 21.1 21.1
Health insurance 3887 24.2 27.7 27.5 27.5
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 1814 17.9 54.5 54.4 53.7
07/17/98 4
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
All families 16.7 16.8 15.6 15.7 8.1
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 30.4 30.5 26.3 26.5 24.5
25 to 44 years 12.5 12.6 10.7 10.8 9.6
45 to 54 years 7.7 7.7 7.0 7.1 5.1
55 to 64 years 12.7 12.9 12.7 12.9 6.8
65 years and over 39.1 39.2 39.0 39.2 5.4
Type of Family
Married-couple families 13.0 13.0 12.3 12.5 4.7
With related children under 18 8.6 8.6 7.2 7.3 6.0
With related children under 6 10.3 10.4 8.3 8.5 7.6
Male householder, no wife present 19.1 19.1 16.9 16.9 10.9
Female householder, no husband present 37.4 37.6 33.8 34.0 26.8
With related children under 18 43.9 44.1 38.8 39.0 35.3
With related children under 6 57.8 58.0 52.7 52.8 50.6
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 15.2 15.3 14.2 14.3 7.5
Inside central cities 20.3 20.4 18.6 18.7 11.6
Outside central cities 13.0 13.1 12.3 12.4 5.7
Outside metropolitan areas 22.1 22.2 20.4 20.6 10.5
07/17/98 5
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Region
Northeast 15.9 16.0 15.1 15.3 7.7
Midwest 14.6 14.6 13.6 13.7 5.8
South 18.3 18.3 17.0 17.1 8.7
West 17.4 17.5 16.0 16.1 10.2
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 42.8 43.0 40.7 40.9 22.9
High school graduate, no college 17.8 17.9 16.4 16.6 8.0
College: Less than bachelor's degree 11.4 11.4 10.2 10.3 5.5
Bachelor's degree or more 4.2 4.2 3.9 4.0 1.6
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 15 to 64 years 12.2 12.2 10.8 10.9 8.7
Worked at full-time jobs 5.6 5.6 4.4 4.5 3.8
50 to 52 weeks 3.4 3.4 2.4 2.5 2.2
Worked at part-time jobs 23.6 23.7 20.3 20.4 17.0
Did not work 42.9 43.1 42.1 42.4 31.4
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 49.7 49.8 47.8 48.2 22.9
Householder 15 to 64 years 50.4 50.5 47.1 47.5 37.0
Householder 65 years and over 48.9 48.9 48.7 49.0 6.7
One worker 5.8 5.9 4.4 4.5 3.5
Two workers or more 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5
07/17/98 6
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 70.0 70.1 66.9 67.0 58.4
AFDC or other non-SSI 83.1 83.2 79.2 79.3 75.6
SSI 60.4 60.4 58.2 58.2 45.5
Food stamps 77.1 77.4 70.9 71.4 65.5
Housing assistance 71.5 71.9 64.9 65.0 57.2
Energy assistance 78.3 78.8 72.2 72.7 59.5
Free or reduced-price school lunches 49.9 50.2 43.3 43.7 38.7
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 87.3 87.3 83.4 83.6 79.3
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 5.9 6.0 5.3 5.4 2.1
Medicare 37.8 37.9 37.5 37.8 7.3
Medicaid 52.8 52.9 48.1 48.4 39.3
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 22.9 23.1 20.0 20.3 16.6
Health insurance 29.8 30.1 26.1 26.4 22.5
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 54.6 54.6 53.2 53.2 26.7
07/17/98 7
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
All families 7.9 7.9 7.3 6.8 6.0
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 24.5 24.5 23.0 20.8 18.6
25 to 44 years 9.5 9.5 8.9 8.3 7.2
45 to 54 years 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.1 3.6
55 to 64 years 6.4 6.4 5.7 5.5 5.2
65 years and over 4.7 4.7 4.1 4.1 4.0
Type of Family
Married-couple families 4.5 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.5
With related children under 18 5.9 5.9 5.4 4.9 4.3
With related children under 6 7.5 7.5 7.0 6.1 5.4
Male householder, no wife present 10.4 10.4 9.9 9.5 9.0
Female householder, no husband present 26.4 26.4 24.3 22.8 19.4
With related children under 18 35.1 35.1 32.6 30.4 25.6
With related children under 6 50.4 50.4 48.2 45.2 38.7
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 7.2 7.2 6.6 6.2 5.6
Inside central cities 11.3 11.3 10.2 9.5 8.4
Outside central cities 5.5 5.5 5.1 4.8 4.4
Outside metropolitan areas 10.2 10.2 9.5 8.8 7.7
07/17/98 8
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Region
Northeast 7.5 7.5 6.6 6.1 5.2
Midwest 5.7 5.7 5.3 4.8 4.3
South 8.3 8.3 7.8 7.4 6.8
West 10.0 10.0 9.3 8.7 7.6
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 22.0 22.0 20.2 18.9 16.9
High school graduate, no college 7.7 7.7 7.1 6.7 6.0
College: Less than bachelor's degree 5.4 5.4 5.1 4.7 4.0
Bachelor's degree or more 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 15 to 64 years 8.5 8.5 7.9 7.4 6.5
Worked at full-time jobs 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.3 2.8
50 to 52 weeks 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.7
Worked at part-time jobs 16.8 16.8 16.2 14.9 12.4
Did not work 30.4 30.4 27.5 26.0 23.7
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 22.1 22.1 20.3 19.2 17.2
Householder 15 to 64 years 36.3 36.3 33.6 31.5 27.9
Householder 65 years and over 5.9 5.9 5.1 5.1 4.9
One worker 3.5 3.5 3.2 2.9 2.5
Two workers or more 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4
07/17/98 9
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 56.1 56.1 44.9 39.4 32.2
AFDC or other non-SSI 74.8 74.8 64.7 56.2 45.0
SSI 41.6 41.6 26.8 23.2 19.5
Food stamps 64.1 64.1 57.3 50.7 39.9
Housing assistance 55.4 55.4 49.1 42.2 27.7
Energy assistance 57.6 57.6 51.1 45.7 33.8
Free or reduced-price school lunches 38.1 38.1 35.0 32.0 25.8
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 77.6 77.6 65.2 56.7 44.8
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8
Medicare 6.2 6.2 5.1 5.0 4.8
Medicaid 38.1 38.1 33.0 29.2 24.4
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.6 15.3
Health insurance 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 20.6
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 22.1 22.1 15.1 14.3 13.3
07/17/98 10
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
All families 5.5 6.5 9.1 7.8
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 18.7 20.4 30.1 24.2
25 to 44 years 6.8 7.6 11.6 9.5
45 to 54 years 3.2 3.9 5.5 4.8
55 to 64 years 4.2 5.4 6.2 6.1
65 years and over 2.8 4.3 4.6 4.5
Type of Family
Married-couple families 3.0 3.8 5.4 4.5
With related children under 18 3.9 4.8 7.6 5.9
With related children under 6 5.1 6.1 10.0 7.6
Male householder, no wife present 8.6 9.1 13.1 10.6
Female householder, no husband present 18.4 20.6 29.2 25.3
With related children under 18 24.7 27.2 39.5 33.9
With related children under 6 37.8 41.5 56.0 49.7
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 5.2 5.9 8.3 7.1
Inside central cities 8.0 9.0 12.8 10.9
Outside central cities 3.9 4.6 6.4 5.5
Outside metropolitan areas 6.7 8.3 11.9 10.1
07/17/98 11
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Region
Northeast 4.8 5.7 8.0 7.1
Midwest 4.0 4.6 6.9 5.7
South 6.1 7.1 9.7 8.3
West 6.9 8.1 11.6 9.9
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 15.5 18.2 23.9 21.4
High school graduate, no college 5.4 6.4 9.4 7.6
College: Less than bachelor's degree 3.7 4.2 6.6 5.5
Bachelor's degree or more 1.0 1.3 1.8 1.6
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 15 to 64 years 6.0 6.9 10.0 8.4
Worked at full-time jobs 2.7 3.0 5.5 4.0
50 to 52 weeks 1.5 1.8 3.5 2.3
Worked at part-time jobs 11.1 13.2 19.9 17.0
Did not work 22.1 25.4 30.0 28.6
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 15.5 18.2 23.2 21.3
Householder 15 to 64 years 26.0 29.5 38.5 35.1
Householder 65 years and over 3.5 5.3 5.6 5.6
One worker 2.3 2.8 5.4 3.7
Two workers or more 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.5
07/17/98 12
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 30.5 36.1 49.9 46.1
AFDC or other non-SSI 43.8 50.9 71.7 65.8
SSI 17.0 22.1 29.8 28.3
Food stamps 38.0 44.1 67.5 59.4
Housing assistance 27.7 31.7 60.3 52.4
Energy assistance 30.8 38.7 60.0 52.7
Free or reduced-price school lunches 24.6 27.9 44.0 36.8
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 42.7 50.4 72.3 66.8
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1.6 1.8 3.2 2.5
Medicare 3.6 5.3 6.1 5.9
Medicaid 23.1 27.3 39.9 34.5
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 14.1 15.3 19.8 16.6
Health insurance 19.2 20.6 26.9 22.5
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 11.1 14.8 18.8 17.5
07/17/98 13
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
All families 4990 9879 9841 9548 9952 9995 9265 9347 4838
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 609 669 663 637 691 692 597 602 555
25 to 44 years 2819 3288 3280 3118 3330 3349 2836 2865 2555
45 to 54 years 620 949 946 908 956 960 874 881 636
55 to 64 years 486 1022 1020 997 1035 1049 1032 1052 551
65 years and over 457 3951 3932 3888 3940 3945 3926 3947 541
Type of Family
Married-couple families 2312 6209 6183 5986 6247 6271 5926 5989 2273
With related children under 18 1516 1901 1890 1779 1953 1970 1635 1661 1366
With related children under 6 939 1087 1079 1006 1127 1132 908 926 829
Male householder, no wife present 374 591 586 572 598 600 529 530 341
Female householder, no husband present 2305 3079 3071 2989 3106 3123 2810 2828 2224
With related children under 18 2069 2405 2400 2335 2417 2427 2134 2147 1943
With related children under 6 1164 1248 1244 1215 1247 1251 1136 1140 1091
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 3560 7013 6996 6780 7057 7085 6591 6645 3460
Inside central cities 1647 2787 2778 2700 2813 2825 2584 2597 1610
Outside central cities 1913 4227 4218 4080 4244 4260 4007 4049 1850
Outside metropolitan areas 1431 2866 2845 2768 2895 2909 2675 2702 1378
Region
Northeast 868 1829 1825 1764 1812 1818 1720 1741 876
Midwest 903 2141 2135 2058 2158 2162 2002 2027 860
South 1834 3668 3649 3564 3716 3734 3459 3488 1771
West 1385 2241 2232 2161 2266 2281 2086 2091 1331
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 2172 4093 4077 4005 4136 4151 3929 3952 2214
07/17/98 14
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
High school graduate, no college 1659 3431 3421 3303 3450 3467 3185 3221 1546
College: Less than bachelor's degree 907 1702 1697 1625 1730 1738 1552 1570 835
Bachelor's degree or more 253 653 646 615 636 638 600 605 244
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 15 to 64 years 4533 5928 5909 5660 6012 6050 5340 5400 4297
Worked at full-time jobs 1778 2094 2081 1896 2143 2162 1677 1713 1473
50 to 52 weeks 944 1071 1062 943 1118 1129 798 817 733
Worked at part-time jobs 899 1097 1095 1072 1125 1128 966 973 811
Did not work 1856 2737 2733 2692 2745 2760 2696 2713 2013
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 3772 8346 8320 8184 8349 8359 8037 8091 3844
Householder 15 to 64 years 3329 4498 4489 4389 4514 4522 4216 4251 3318
Householder 65 years and over 443 3847 3831 3795 3834 3837 3821 3841 526
One worker 1132 1435 1424 1274 1488 1516 1139 1165 916
Two workers or more 86 98 97 90 116 120 89 92 78
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 1536 2205 2204 2169 2228 2230 2128 2131 1858
AFDC or other non-SSI 1191 1413 1411 1392 1430 1431 1362 1365 1301
SSI 507 1050 1050 1034 1060 1060 1022 1022 799
Food stamps 2153 2568 2555 2496 2582 2590 2372 2390 2192
Housing assistance 844 1038 1034 1018 1046 1053 949 951 836
Energy assistance 582 783 780 770 790 795 728 733 600
Free or reduced-price school lunches 2012 2414 2404 2313 2440 2454 2120 2138 1895
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 1306 1612 1608 1584 1625 1626 1553 1556 1476
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1233 2744 2737 2444 2598 2610 2301 2342 934
Medicare 777 4928 4904 4838 4919 4929 4883 4915 947
Medicaid 2636 3666 3660 3581 3732 3743 3400 3424 2781
07/17/98 15
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 1173 1394 1385 1385 1501 1514 1314 1331 1093
Health insurance 942 1076 1069 1069 1160 1172 1013 1025 873
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 325 989 988 975 991 991 965 965 485
07/17/98 16
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
All families 4694 4694 4318 4045 3600 3264 3841 5416 4615
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 555 555 521 473 423 425 463 682 549
25 to 44 years 2526 2526 2357 2202 1904 1818 2018 3076 2521
45 to 54 years 617 617 559 508 453 395 487 690 596
55 to 64 years 521 521 468 452 421 340 442 509 498
65 years and over 475 475 411 410 399 286 431 459 452
Type of Family
Married-couple families 2178 2178 1988 1849 1703 1464 1841 2580 2182
With related children under 18 1340 1340 1237 1110 991 900 1087 1725 1341
With related children under 6 819 819 759 662 589 555 667 1090 826
Male householder, no wife present 326 326 311 299 281 268 284 411 331
Female householder, no husband present 2191 2191 2019 1897 1615 1532 1715 2426 2102
With related children under 18 1933 1933 1792 1674 1410 1358 1497 2172 1865
With related children under 6 1087 1087 1039 974 834 815 895 1208 1073
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 3364 3364 3078 2895 2594 2391 2761 3858 3296
Inside central cities 1571 1571 1418 1318 1165 1107 1249 1776 1512
Outside central cities 1793 1793 1660 1578 1428 1284 1512 2082 1784
Outside metropolitan areas 1330 1330 1240 1150 1006 872 1080 1558 1319
Region
Northeast 858 858 749 699 591 547 650 915 807
Midwest 837 837 779 712 641 584 686 1020 838
South 1697 1697 1587 1500 1375 1235 1448 1977 1687
West 1303 1303 1202 1134 993 898 1058 1504 1283
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 2126 2126 1953 1829 1635 1495 1756 2305 2064
07/17/98 17
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
High school graduate, no college 1503 1503 1382 1298 1166 1057 1248 1825 1480
College: Less than bachelor's degree 824 824 776 721 614 558 644 1006 833
Bachelor's degree or more 242 242 207 197 185 154 192 280 238
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 15 to 64 years 4219 4219 3906 3635 3200 2977 3410 4957 4163
Worked at full-time jobs 1469 1469 1372 1261 1089 1030 1154 2089 1524
50 to 52 weeks 731 731 684 628 551 511 589 1172 768
Worked at part-time jobs 802 802 773 708 593 530 628 950 808
Did not work 1949 1949 1761 1666 1519 1418 1628 1918 1832
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 3710 3710 3405 3221 2882 2599 3060 3895 3587
Householder 15 to 64 years 3248 3248 3006 2824 2495 2325 2643 3452 3148
Householder 65 years and over 462 462 399 398 387 274 418 443 439
One worker 907 907 839 757 655 606 714 1400 949
Two workers or more 78 78 74 67 63 58 67 121 79
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 1785 1785 1428 1254 1025 970 1148 1588 1468
AFDC or other non-SSI 1287 1287 1114 967 774 753 876 1234 1132
SSI 730 730 471 407 343 298 388 523 497
Food stamps 2147 2147 1918 1699 1334 1272 1477 2260 1987
Housing assistance 811 811 719 617 405 405 463 883 767
Energy assistance 581 581 516 461 341 311 391 605 532
Free or reduced-price school lunches 1866 1866 1710 1566 1264 1201 1364 2153 1802
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 1444 1444 1215 1055 834 795 938 1346 1244
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 918 918 865 827 775 681 801 1403 1081
Medicare 803 803 667 652 623 470 692 799 771
Medicaid 2697 2697 2335 2063 1728 1635 1928 2820 2436
07/17/98 18
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 1093 1093 1087 1087 1005 924 1005 1302 1087
Health insurance 873 873 873 873 801 747 801 1046 873
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 401 401 274 259 241 201 268 340 318