07/17/98 1
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
All families 70884 10.3 18.4 18.4 17.8
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 3018 31.6 34.8 34.6 33.4
25 to 44 years 32510 12.9 15.0 15.0 14.2
45 to 54 years 14695 5.8 8.7 8.7 8.4
55 to 64 years 9391 7.0 13.8 13.8 13.5
65 years and over 11270 6.0 40.4 40.2 39.8
Type of Family
Married-couple families 54321 5.2 13.1 13.1 12.7
With related children under 18 26430 7.1 9.0 8.9 8.4
With related children under 6 12600 9.0 10.4 10.3 9.7
Male householder, no wife present 3911 13.0 20.1 19.9 19.3
Female householder, no husband present 12652 31.6 40.7 40.6 39.3
With related children under 18 8822 41.0 47.5 47.4 45.9
With related children under 6 3636 54.4 59.3 59.1 57.1
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 56350 9.8 17.1 17.1 16.5
Inside central cities 19592 15.5 23.8 23.7 22.9
Outside central cities 36758 6.7 13.5 13.5 13.1
Outside metropolitan areas 14534 12.6 23.6 23.5 22.8
07/17/98 2
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Region
Northeast 13338 9.9 18.2 18.1 17.5
Midwest 16594 8.0 16.4 16.3 15.7
South 25682 11.6 20.3 20.2 19.7
West 15270 11.1 17.8 17.7 17.2
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 12069 25.7 44.9 44.7 43.9
High school graduate, no college 23172 11.0 19.7 19.7 19.0
College: Less than bachelor's degree 18183 7.2 12.5 12.5 11.9
Bachelor's degree or more 17460 2.0 4.6 4.6 4.3
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 15 to 64 years 59614 11.1 14.3 14.3 13.6
Worked at full-time jobs 45676 5.5 6.6 6.6 6.0
50 to 52 weeks 39248 3.3 3.7 3.7 3.3
Worked at part-time jobs 5831 23.0 27.4 27.3 26.8
Did not work 8107 34.3 48.2 48.1 47.4
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 20425 27.9 53.9 53.7 52.8
Householder 15 to 64 years 11747 42.9 56.1 56.0 54.7
Householder 65 years and over 8678 7.6 50.9 50.7 50.2
One worker 30594 4.9 6.3 6.3 5.6
Two workers or more 19865 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6
07/17/98 3
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 4892 51.9 72.3 72.1 71.0
AFDC or other non-SSI 2824 70.9 84.4 84.1 82.9
SSI 2546 31.2 62.2 62.1 61.3
Food stamps 5242 65.9 78.6 78.3 76.7
Housing assistance 2629 60.7 73.0 72.8 71.6
Energy assistance 1526 60.5 80.7 80.4 79.1
Free or reduced-price school lunches 7452 44.2 52.8 52.7 50.7
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 3045 71.4 87.9 87.6 86.3
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 50957 3.4 6.8 6.8 6.0
Medicare 14988 7.9 39.1 38.9 38.5
Medicaid 9980 41.3 56.0 55.8 54.7
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 8086 19.6 23.1 23.0 23.0
Health insurance 5004 25.9 29.7 29.6 29.6
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 2548 22.9 57.6 57.3 56.8
07/17/98 4
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
All families 18.6 18.7 17.2 17.4 10.2
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 35.5 35.5 31.5 31.8 29.4
25 to 44 years 15.2 15.3 13.1 13.2 11.9
45 to 54 years 8.9 9.0 8.1 8.2 6.2
55 to 64 years 14.0 14.2 13.8 14.0 8.0
65 years and over 40.3 40.4 40.2 40.4 7.2
Type of Family
Married-couple families 13.3 13.3 12.6 12.7 5.2
With related children under 18 9.3 9.3 7.8 7.9 6.5
With related children under 6 10.9 11.0 8.9 9.1 8.2
Male householder, no wife present 20.4 20.6 18.1 18.2 12.1
Female householder, no husband present 40.9 41.1 37.1 37.3 31.0
With related children under 18 47.5 47.7 42.4 42.6 39.0
With related children under 6 59.2 59.3 53.9 54.1 51.6
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 17.2 17.3 16.0 16.1 9.6
Inside central cities 24.0 24.1 22.0 22.2 15.5
Outside central cities 13.6 13.7 12.8 12.9 6.5
Outside metropolitan areas 24.0 24.1 22.0 22.2 12.3
07/17/98 5
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Region
Northeast 18.1 18.2 17.1 17.3 10.1
Midwest 16.4 16.4 15.3 15.4 7.9
South 20.7 20.8 19.0 19.2 11.3
West 17.9 18.1 16.5 16.6 10.9
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 45.3 45.5 43.0 43.2 26.6
High school graduate, no college 19.9 20.0 18.2 18.4 10.4
College: Less than bachelor's degree 12.7 12.8 11.4 11.5 6.9
Bachelor's degree or more 4.6 4.6 4.2 4.3 2.0
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 15 to 64 years 14.5 14.6 12.9 13.0 10.8
Worked at full-time jobs 6.7 6.8 5.2 5.4 4.6
50 to 52 weeks 3.9 3.9 2.7 2.8 2.5
Worked at part-time jobs 28.1 28.2 24.6 24.7 21.1
Did not work 48.3 48.6 47.6 47.9 37.8
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 54.0 54.1 51.8 52.1 28.8
Householder 15 to 64 years 56.3 56.5 52.7 53.1 43.4
Householder 65 years and over 50.7 50.8 50.6 50.9 9.1
One worker 6.6 6.7 5.0 5.1 4.0
Two workers or more 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5
07/17/98 6
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 72.9 73.0 69.8 70.0 62.5
AFDC or other non-SSI 84.7 84.8 81.1 81.3 77.9
SSI 63.2 63.3 60.9 60.9 49.4
Food stamps 79.1 79.3 73.1 73.5 67.8
Housing assistance 73.5 73.8 67.9 67.9 62.1
Energy assistance 80.7 81.0 75.4 75.7 64.4
Free or reduced-price school lunches 53.4 53.7 47.2 47.5 42.6
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 88.4 88.5 84.7 84.8 80.6
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 6.4 6.5 5.6 5.7 2.6
Medicare 39.1 39.2 38.8 39.1 9.6
Medicaid 56.8 57.0 52.3 52.6 44.2
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 24.8 25.1 21.6 21.9 18.2
Health insurance 32.1 32.4 27.8 28.1 24.1
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 57.5 57.6 56.4 56.4 32.2
07/17/98 7
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
All families 9.9 9.9 9.0 8.5 7.4
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 29.2 29.2 27.4 25.2 21.7
25 to 44 years 11.7 11.7 10.9 10.3 8.8
45 to 54 years 6.1 6.1 5.2 4.7 4.2
55 to 64 years 7.6 7.6 6.7 6.4 5.9
65 years and over 6.3 6.3 5.5 5.4 5.2
Type of Family
Married-couple families 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.2 3.9
With related children under 18 6.4 6.4 5.9 5.3 4.7
With related children under 6 8.1 8.1 7.5 6.5 5.8
Male householder, no wife present 11.4 11.4 10.9 10.4 9.8
Female householder, no husband present 30.4 30.4 27.8 26.2 22.0
With related children under 18 38.7 38.7 35.7 33.4 27.9
With related children under 6 51.2 51.2 48.8 45.5 38.7
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 9.4 9.4 8.5 8.0 7.0
Inside central cities 15.0 15.0 13.5 12.6 10.9
Outside central cities 6.3 6.3 5.8 5.5 5.0
Outside metropolitan areas 11.9 11.9 11.0 10.3 9.0
07/17/98 8
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Region
Northeast 9.8 9.8 8.7 8.1 6.8
Midwest 7.7 7.7 7.0 6.4 5.6
South 10.9 10.9 10.2 9.7 8.6
West 10.6 10.6 9.6 9.1 8.0
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 25.6 25.6 23.3 22.0 19.4
High school graduate, no college 10.1 10.1 9.3 8.8 7.7
College: Less than bachelor's degree 6.7 6.7 6.2 5.7 4.9
Bachelor's degree or more 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.5
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 15 to 64 years 10.6 10.6 9.7 9.1 7.9
Worked at full-time jobs 4.6 4.6 4.3 3.9 3.2
50 to 52 weeks 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.8
Worked at part-time jobs 20.8 20.8 20.0 18.4 15.4
Did not work 36.8 36.8 32.8 31.3 28.6
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 27.8 27.8 25.4 24.1 21.3
Householder 15 to 64 years 42.5 42.5 39.0 36.8 32.1
Householder 65 years and over 7.9 7.9 6.9 6.8 6.6
One worker 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.3 2.8
Two workers or more 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4
07/17/98 9
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 60.1 60.1 47.9 42.9 34.7
AFDC or other non-SSI 76.8 76.8 66.1 58.9 46.3
SSI 45.3 45.3 28.4 24.9 21.2
Food stamps 66.5 66.5 59.1 53.3 41.8
Housing assistance 60.2 60.2 53.4 47.8 33.9
Energy assistance 62.9 62.9 54.9 49.1 37.5
Free or reduced-price school lunches 41.9 41.9 38.4 35.4 28.8
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 78.8 78.8 66.1 58.8 46.3
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.1
Medicare 8.2 8.2 6.8 6.6 6.2
Medicaid 42.8 42.8 36.9 33.1 27.5
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 18.2 18.2 18.1 18.1 16.8
Health insurance 24.1 24.1 24.0 24.0 22.1
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 26.7 26.7 19.0 18.2 16.6
07/17/98 10
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
All families 6.8 7.9 11.2 9.6
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 21.8 23.5 34.8 28.6
25 to 44 years 8.5 9.3 14.0 11.6
45 to 54 years 3.7 4.5 6.5 5.5
55 to 64 years 4.8 6.3 7.3 7.1
65 years and over 3.8 5.7 6.2 6.0
Type of Family
Married-couple families 3.4 4.2 5.9 4.9
With related children under 18 4.3 5.2 8.1 6.3
With related children under 6 5.4 6.6 10.5 8.0
Male householder, no wife present 9.4 10.1 14.5 11.5
Female householder, no husband present 21.0 23.3 33.2 28.9
With related children under 18 27.1 29.4 43.0 37.1
With related children under 6 38.1 40.8 56.8 50.3
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 6.5 7.5 10.6 9.1
Inside central cities 10.3 11.7 16.8 14.4
Outside central cities 4.5 5.3 7.3 6.2
Outside metropolitan areas 8.0 9.6 13.7 11.6
07/17/98 11
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Region
Northeast 6.4 7.4 10.6 9.2
Midwest 5.1 6.1 8.9 7.5
South 7.9 9.1 12.6 10.7
West 7.2 8.5 12.0 10.3
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 17.9 20.9 27.2 24.5
High school graduate, no college 7.1 8.1 12.0 9.9
College: Less than bachelor's degree 4.5 5.2 8.1 6.6
Bachelor's degree or more 1.3 1.6 2.3 2.0
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 15 to 64 years 7.4 8.4 12.2 10.3
Worked at full-time jobs 3.1 3.4 6.4 4.7
50 to 52 weeks 1.7 1.9 4.0 2.6
Worked at part-time jobs 14.3 16.2 24.4 20.7
Did not work 27.0 30.6 35.6 34.1
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 19.5 22.6 28.9 26.5
Householder 15 to 64 years 30.4 34.0 44.6 40.5
Householder 65 years and over 4.8 7.1 7.7 7.5
One worker 2.6 3.0 6.2 4.2
Two workers or more 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.5
07/17/98 12
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 33.3 38.4 53.4 49.3
AFDC or other non-SSI 45.1 51.8 72.9 67.0
SSI 19.2 23.5 32.4 30.5
Food stamps 40.1 45.7 68.7 61.0
Housing assistance 33.9 37.2 63.5 56.1
Energy assistance 34.7 41.7 63.1 56.2
Free or reduced-price school lunches 27.7 30.9 47.5 40.2
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 44.6 51.3 73.2 67.7
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1.9 2.2 3.9 3.0
Medicare 4.8 6.9 8.2 7.7
Medicaid 26.3 30.5 43.8 38.4
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 15.6 16.8 21.8 18.1
Health insurance 20.9 22.1 29.0 24.0
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 14.4 18.8 23.8 22.0
07/17/98 13
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
All families 7324 13075 13028 12616 13185 13248 12221 12325 7226
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 952 1050 1044 1008 1072 1073 952 959 887
25 to 44 years 4186 4892 4879 4632 4948 4973 4254 4292 3862
45 to 54 years 849 1283 1277 1228 1305 1317 1185 1198 918
55 to 64 years 658 1298 1296 1266 1314 1329 1297 1319 749
65 years and over 678 4551 4532 4482 4547 4557 4533 4557 811
Type of Family
Married-couple families 2821 7141 7116 6882 7216 7246 6820 6895 2834
With related children under 18 1863 2370 2356 2217 2452 2469 2059 2094 1725
With related children under 6 1128 1312 1302 1222 1376 1382 1121 1148 1029
Male householder, no wife present 507 784 779 756 798 805 708 711 473
Female householder, no husband present 3995 5150 5133 4978 5171 5197 4693 4719 3919
With related children under 18 3614 4195 4184 4046 4192 4204 3738 3757 3444
With related children under 6 1979 2155 2149 2075 2153 2157 1962 1969 1875
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 5495 9646 9619 9298 9699 9746 9020 9094 5431
Inside central cities 3035 4667 4652 4496 4701 4721 4315 4345 3034
Outside central cities 2460 4979 4966 4802 4998 5026 4705 4750 2397
Outside metropolitan areas 1829 3429 3409 3318 3486 3502 3201 3231 1795
Region
Northeast 1319 2423 2417 2333 2419 2425 2278 2305 1350
Midwest 1323 2716 2710 2597 2722 2729 2531 2562 1311
South 2987 5219 5195 5066 5305 5336 4889 4926 2904
West 1696 2717 2707 2620 2739 2758 2522 2532 1662
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 3096 5414 5391 5296 5467 5490 5193 5220 3216
07/17/98 14
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
High school graduate, no college 2553 4571 4561 4402 4605 4629 4225 4268 2407
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1318 2278 2273 2168 2316 2330 2066 2089 1251
Bachelor's degree or more 357 811 803 750 798 800 737 748 353
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 15 to 64 years 6646 8523 8497 8134 8638 8692 7688 7769 6415
Worked at full-time jobs 2525 3021 3004 2734 3082 3109 2395 2447 2123
50 to 52 weeks 1279 1458 1449 1280 1520 1534 1061 1096 979
Worked at part-time jobs 1338 1596 1593 1560 1640 1647 1433 1440 1229
Did not work 2782 3905 3899 3840 3916 3936 3860 3882 3062
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 5694 11003 10974 10785 11020 11043 10588 10647 5884
Householder 15 to 64 years 5039 6587 6574 6426 6616 6632 6195 6232 5098
Householder 65 years and over 655 4416 4400 4359 4404 4411 4393 4415 787
One worker 1512 1942 1926 1717 2014 2048 1518 1561 1239
Two workers or more 118 129 128 115 151 158 114 117 103
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 2538 3538 3528 3472 3566 3571 3416 3422 3056
AFDC or other non-SSI 2003 2382 2375 2341 2393 2394 2290 2296 2199
SSI 795 1584 1581 1559 1608 1612 1550 1550 1257
Food stamps 3455 4119 4102 4022 4147 4159 3832 3851 3555
Housing assistance 1596 1920 1914 1882 1933 1940 1785 1786 1631
Energy assistance 924 1231 1227 1206 1232 1237 1150 1155 983
Free or reduced-price school lunches 3294 3936 3924 3781 3983 4002 3519 3543 3174
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 2173 2677 2668 2628 2692 2695 2579 2582 2454
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1735 3481 3470 3058 3284 3306 2877 2925 1343
Medicare 1178 5861 5837 5765 5861 5875 5815 5855 1438
Medicaid 4120 5584 5570 5455 5672 5692 5218 5251 4415
07/17/98 15
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 1582 1865 1856 1856 2009 2026 1747 1769 1476
Health insurance 1295 1484 1479 1479 1606 1621 1389 1405 1205
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 583 1467 1461 1447 1466 1467 1437 1438 821
07/17/98 16
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
All families 7013 7013 6396 6010 5280 4850 5628 7951 6799
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 881 881 827 760 655 658 708 1051 864
25 to 44 years 3820 3820 3556 3338 2861 2760 3025 4566 3774
45 to 54 years 892 892 764 694 619 548 667 950 815
55 to 64 years 709 709 629 604 555 455 590 687 670
65 years and over 711 711 620 614 591 429 637 697 676
Type of Family
Married-couple families 2718 2718 2457 2291 2108 1825 2289 3181 2688
With related children under 18 1693 1693 1553 1400 1246 1135 1374 2150 1675
With related children under 6 1020 1020 942 822 727 679 829 1324 1013
Male householder, no wife present 447 447 425 407 383 367 396 567 450
Female householder, no husband present 3848 3848 3513 3311 2790 2657 2942 4203 3661
With related children under 18 3414 3414 3147 2948 2458 2387 2594 3796 3276
With related children under 6 1863 1863 1776 1654 1406 1384 1484 2064 1830
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 5276 5276 4792 4508 3972 3680 4235 5958 5107
Inside central cities 2947 2947 2654 2468 2128 2027 2287 3288 2814
Outside central cities 2329 2329 2138 2040 1844 1653 1948 2670 2293
Outside metropolitan areas 1736 1736 1603 1502 1309 1170 1393 1993 1692
Region
Northeast 1314 1314 1156 1078 911 860 991 1410 1232
Midwest 1275 1275 1158 1056 936 854 1013 1476 1242
South 2798 2798 2615 2491 2217 2036 2330 3231 2760
West 1626 1626 1467 1385 1216 1100 1294 1834 1565
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 3094 3094 2817 2652 2344 2155 2518 3278 2956
07/17/98 17
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
High school graduate, no college 2347 2347 2153 2030 1780 1649 1889 2788 2295
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1222 1222 1127 1043 891 824 944 1480 1206
Bachelor's degree or more 351 351 299 285 266 222 278 404 342
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 15 to 64 years 6301 6301 5776 5396 4690 4421 4991 7254 6123
Worked at full-time jobs 2108 2108 1948 1781 1473 1399 1567 2945 2149
50 to 52 weeks 973 973 908 823 700 653 748 1577 1033
Worked at part-time jobs 1214 1214 1167 1075 901 832 943 1423 1207
Did not work 2980 2980 2662 2539 2316 2190 2481 2886 2767
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 5684 5684 5180 4915 4345 3983 4610 5899 5411
Householder 15 to 64 years 4996 4996 4581 4322 3775 3569 3994 5234 4758
Householder 65 years and over 688 688 598 593 570 414 616 665 653
One worker 1225 1225 1120 1010 854 792 931 1883 1280
Two workers or more 103 103 96 85 81 75 88 169 108
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 2939 2939 2341 2100 1699 1628 1880 2613 2411
AFDC or other non-SSI 2168 2168 1865 1664 1306 1274 1462 2060 1891
SSI 1154 1154 724 634 540 489 599 826 775
Food stamps 3485 3485 3099 2796 2192 2104 2398 3602 3199
Housing assistance 1583 1583 1404 1257 890 890 979 1668 1474
Energy assistance 959 959 837 750 572 529 636 962 858
Free or reduced-price school lunches 3125 3125 2862 2639 2147 2066 2305 3537 2995
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 2399 2399 2013 1790 1411 1359 1562 2228 2063
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1311 1311 1229 1177 1067 962 1116 1988 1521
Medicare 1224 1224 1015 995 935 724 1040 1224 1161
Medicaid 4275 4275 3685 3299 2743 2620 3039 4369 3830
07/17/98 18
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 1476 1476 1465 1465 1360 1261 1360 1764 1465
Health insurance 1205 1205 1200 1200 1104 1046 1104 1453 1200
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 680 680 485 465 424 367 478 606 560