07/24/98 1
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
All families 2381 9.6 13.3 13.4 12.9
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 79 22.8 26.5 26.5 26.5
25 to 44 years 1249 10.4 11.4 11.4 10.9
45 to 54 years 517 6.8 9.3 9.3 8.9
55 to 64 years 301 7.7 10.1 9.6 8.8
65 years and over 234 9.8 31.9 33.4 33.4
Type of Family
Married-couple families 1946 7.6 11.0 11.1 10.6
With related children under 18 1157 9.0 9.8 9.7 9.1
With related children under 6 573 11.3 12.4 12.2 11.4
Male householder, no wife present 157 6.6 9.3 9.3 9.3
Female householder, no husband present 278 25.3 32.2 32.2 31.2
With related children under 18 161 36.8 45.3 45.3 43.5
With related children under 6 49 57.1 57.1 57.1 57.1
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 2300 9.4 13.0 13.1 12.6
Inside central cities 1024 14.5 19.1 19.1 18.3
Outside central cities 1275 5.2 8.1 8.3 8.0
Outside metropolitan areas 81 17.2 22.2 22.2 22.2
07/24/98 2
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Region
Northeast 411 14.6 17.0 17.0 15.3
Midwest 241 7.2 10.1 10.1 8.4
South 428 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1
West 1300 8.7 14.2 14.3 14.3
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 326 26.2 40.8 40.8 40.2
High school graduate, no college 497 11.5 13.7 14.5 14.0
College: Less than bachelor's degree 478 7.8 10.7 10.7 10.0
Bachelor's degree or more 1080 4.5 6.0 5.9 5.4
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 2147 9.6 11.3 11.2 10.7
Worked at full-time jobs 1691 4.0 4.4 4.4 4.0
50 to 52 weeks 1485 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.7
Worked at part-time jobs 199 27.7 29.2 29.2 29.2
Did not work 257 32.2 43.0 42.5 40.6
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 500 33.5 50.2 50.6 49.7
Householder 15 to 64 years 354 41.7 50.6 50.2 48.9
Householder 65 years and over 146 13.9 49.3 51.7 51.7
One worker 1013 5.8 6.2 6.2 5.5
Two workers or more 867 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
07/24/98 3
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 173 36.9 63.2 63.2 63.2
AFDC or other non-SSI 90 61.9 84.1 84.1 84.1
SSI 112 19.3 54.2 54.2 54.2
Food stamps 136 61.2 82.8 82.8 81.1
Housing assistance 86 47.9 72.9 72.9 72.9
Energy assistance 26 37.0 91.1 91.1 91.1
Free or reduced-price school lunches 191 48.1 53.5 53.5 51.5
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 100 59.1 86.3 86.3 86.3
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1689 3.2 4.3 4.4 3.7
Medicare 387 6.9 21.7 22.6 22.6
Medicaid 358 31.0 47.1 47.1 47.1
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 413 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.3
Health insurance 282 22.5 22.6 22.6 22.6
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 133 14.9 38.5 38.5 38.5
07/24/98 4
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
All families 13.8 13.9 12.7 12.9 10.3
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 25.7
25 to 44 years 11.9 12.1 10.1 10.1 9.7
45 to 54 years 9.4 9.4 9.1 9.4 8.9
55 to 64 years 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 6.4
65 years and over 35.2 35.2 35.2 36.3 16.5
Type of Family
Married-couple families 11.2 11.3 10.5 10.6 8.3
With related children under 18 10.0 10.3 9.0 9.0 9.0
With related children under 6 11.4 11.4 10.9 10.9 10.9
Male householder, no wife present 13.7 13.7 13.7 14.6 8.0
Female householder, no husband present 32.0 32.0 28.1 28.5 25.2
With related children under 18 45.0 45.0 38.2 38.2 35.4
With related children under 6 57.1 57.1 52.7 52.7 52.7
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 13.5 13.6 12.4 12.6 10.0
Inside central cities 19.5 19.8 18.1 18.3 15.5
Outside central cities 8.6 8.6 7.8 8.0 5.6
Outside metropolitan areas 22.2 22.2 22.2 22.2 18.0
07/24/98 5
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Region
Northeast 15.3 15.9 13.3 13.3 12.7
Midwest 8.4 8.4 7.6 8.4 8.4
South 9.4 9.4 9.1 9.1 9.1
West 15.7 15.7 14.7 14.9 10.3
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 42.3 42.3 39.5 39.5 31.2
High school graduate, no college 15.7 16.2 14.5 14.7 11.1
College: Less than bachelor's degree 11.1 11.1 10.0 10.0 8.1
Bachelor's degree or more 5.4 5.4 5.1 5.4 4.6
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 11.4 11.5 10.3 10.4 9.6
Worked at full-time jobs 4.7 4.7 3.6 3.7 3.5
50 to 52 weeks 3.3 3.3 2.6 2.8 2.5
Worked at part-time jobs 30.8 30.8 27.9 27.9 26.5
Did not work 40.6 41.6 40.7 40.7 36.9
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 51.1 51.1 48.1 48.6 38.0
Householder 15 to 64 years 50.9 50.9 46.6 46.6 43.5
Householder 65 years and over 51.7 51.7 51.7 53.5 24.6
One worker 6.8 7.0 5.9 6.1 5.1
Two workers or more 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
07/24/98 6
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 63.2 63.2 62.4 63.1 57.1
AFDC or other non-SSI 84.1 84.1 82.5 82.5 78.5
SSI 54.2 54.2 54.2 55.3 46.1
Food stamps 81.1 81.1 80.0 80.9 77.5
Housing assistance 72.9 72.9 72.9 72.9 64.7
Energy assistance 91.1 91.1 91.1 91.1 77.6
Free or reduced-price school lunches 53.6 53.6 48.9 48.9 48.9
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 86.3 86.3 84.8 85.9 81.3
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 3.8 3.9 3.4 3.6 2.2
Medicare 24.4 24.4 23.9 24.5 10.9
Medicaid 48.0 48.0 46.0 46.3 40.0
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 21.5 21.5 18.1 18.6 18.5
Health insurance 25.4 25.4 21.6 21.6 21.5
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 38.5 38.5 38.5 39.4 28.2
07/24/98 7
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
All families 10.0 10.0 8.4 8.0 6.6
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 25.7 25.7 22.8 22.8 17.6
25 to 44 years 9.5 9.5 9.0 8.4 7.0
45 to 54 years 8.9 8.9 5.6 5.6 3.7
55 to 64 years 6.4 6.4 6.4 5.8 5.8
65 years and over 14.4 14.4 8.8 8.8 7.7
Type of Family
Married-couple families 8.1 8.1 6.9 6.5 5.6
With related children under 18 9.0 9.0 8.1 7.4 6.3
With related children under 6 10.9 10.9 10.1 9.0 7.1
Male householder, no wife present 8.0 8.0 5.9 5.9 5.4
Female householder, no husband present 24.5 24.5 20.4 19.6 13.9
With related children under 18 35.4 35.4 28.4 27.0 17.1
With related children under 6 52.7 52.7 48.5 45.8 29.0
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 9.7 9.7 8.1 7.7 6.5
Inside central cities 15.0 15.0 13.1 12.2 10.4
Outside central cities 5.5 5.5 4.1 4.1 3.4
Outside metropolitan areas 18.0 18.0 15.9 14.8 8.9
07/24/98 8
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Region
Northeast 11.6 11.6 10.3 10.0 7.5
Midwest 8.4 8.4 6.5 5.4 3.9
South 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 7.5
West 10.1 10.1 7.9 7.4 6.5
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 29.7 29.7 23.9 22.1 17.3
High school graduate, no college 10.7 10.7 10.0 9.7 8.6
College: Less than bachelor's degree 8.1 8.1 7.4 6.9 5.3
Bachelor's degree or more 4.6 4.6 3.4 3.4 3.0
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 9.5 9.5 8.3 7.9 6.5
Worked at full-time jobs 3.4 3.4 3.0 2.9 2.4
50 to 52 weeks 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.1 1.9
Worked at part-time jobs 26.5 26.5 25.5 22.9 18.6
Did not work 36.9 36.9 29.9 29.1 23.6
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 37.1 37.1 29.6 28.1 22.2
Householder 15 to 64 years 43.5 43.5 36.7 34.6 27.1
Householder 65 years and over 21.3 21.3 12.2 12.2 10.5
One worker 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.2
Two workers or more 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
07/24/98 9
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 54.6 54.6 32.2 28.0 14.0
AFDC or other non-SSI 78.5 78.5 52.8 46.0 21.9
SSI 42.2 42.2 19.3 14.4 8.1
Food stamps 75.7 75.7 55.2 49.8 30.3
Housing assistance 59.1 59.1 43.7 43.7 20.8
Energy assistance 77.6 77.6 37.0 32.1 13.1
Free or reduced-price school lunches 48.9 48.9 40.5 35.3 23.3
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 78.9 78.9 51.0 43.7 19.6
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.3
Medicare 9.1 9.1 4.8 4.5 3.3
Medicaid 38.1 38.1 27.4 24.6 17.2
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 17.7
Health insurance 21.5 21.5 21.5 21.5 20.3
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 23.1 23.1 10.5 9.8 6.1
07/24/98 10
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
All families 6.1 7.1 10.2 9.2
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 17.6 20.3 22.8 22.8
25 to 44 years 7.0 7.6 11.5 9.8
45 to 54 years 2.6 4.1 6.8 6.1
55 to 64 years 4.6 5.8 8.0 8.0
65 years and over 6.7 7.7 9.8 9.8
Type of Family
Married-couple families 5.2 6.0 8.3 7.6
With related children under 18 6.3 6.9 9.9 8.8
With related children under 6 7.1 8.3 11.5 10.7
Male householder, no wife present 5.4 5.4 6.6 5.9
Female householder, no husband present 12.4 15.4 26.2 22.3
With related children under 18 17.1 19.8 38.4 31.7
With related children under 6 29.0 38.0 59.6 55.4
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 6.0 6.9 10.0 9.0
Inside central cities 10.0 11.3 15.4 14.3
Outside central cities 2.7 3.4 5.6 4.7
Outside metropolitan areas 8.9 11.5 17.2 15.9
07/24/98 11
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Region
Northeast 7.5 8.6 15.8 13.1
Midwest 3.1 4.9 7.2 7.2
South 7.5 8.0 9.4 9.1
West 5.7 6.6 9.3 8.4
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 16.6 19.3 27.4 25.2
High school graduate, no college 7.8 8.6 12.6 10.6
College: Less than bachelor's degree 5.3 6.2 8.5 8.1
Bachelor's degree or more 2.5 3.0 4.8 4.2
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 6.0 7.0 10.3 9.2
Worked at full-time jobs 2.1 2.6 4.8 3.8
50 to 52 weeks 1.7 2.0 3.7 3.0
Worked at part-time jobs 18.6 19.6 27.7 25.5
Did not work 22.3 26.3 32.7 31.8
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 20.2 24.0 33.5 31.0
Householder 15 to 64 years 24.9 29.6 41.5 38.0
Householder 65 years and over 8.8 10.5 13.9 13.9
One worker 4.0 4.4 7.3 6.1
Two workers or more 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
07/24/98 12
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 14.0 19.1 36.9 32.2
AFDC or other non-SSI 21.9 31.9 61.9 52.8
SSI 8.1 12.1 19.3 19.3
Food stamps 30.3 36.8 61.2 55.2
Housing assistance 20.8 28.5 47.9 46.5
Energy assistance 13.1 21.9 37.0 37.0
Free or reduced-price school lunches 23.3 28.2 48.7 43.2
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 19.6 28.5 59.1 51.0
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1.3 1.5 3.8 3.0
Medicare 3.3 3.9 6.9 6.0
Medicaid 17.2 20.4 31.3 28.0
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 14.8 17.7 20.5 18.5
Health insurance 18.2 20.3 23.8 21.5
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 6.1 7.8 14.9 12.3
07/24/98 13
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
All families 229 317 319 307 328 330 303 308 245
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 18 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 20
25 to 44 years 130 143 143 136 149 152 127 127 121
45 to 54 years 35 48 48 46 49 49 47 49 46
55 to 64 years 23 30 29 27 27 27 27 27 19
65 years and over 23 75 78 78 82 82 82 85 39
Type of Family
Married-couple families 149 214 216 206 217 220 204 206 162
With related children under 18 104 113 112 105 116 119 105 105 105
With related children under 6 65 71 70 65 65 65 62 62 62
Male householder, no wife present 10 15 15 15 21 21 21 23 13
Female householder, no husband present 70 89 89 87 89 89 78 79 70
With related children under 18 59 73 73 70 72 72 61 61 57
With related children under 6 28 28 28 28 28 28 26 26 26
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 215 299 301 289 309 312 285 290 230
Inside central cities 148 196 196 188 200 202 186 187 159
Outside central cities 67 103 105 102 110 110 99 103 72
Outside metropolitan areas 14 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 15
Region
Northeast 60 70 70 63 63 65 55 55 52
Midwest 17 24 24 20 20 20 18 20 20
South 39 39 39 39 40 40 39 39 39
West 113 184 186 185 204 204 191 194 133
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 85 133 133 131 138 138 129 129 101
07/24/98 14
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
High school graduate, no college 57 68 72 70 78 81 72 73 55
College: Less than bachelor's degree 38 51 51 48 53 53 48 48 39
Bachelor's degree or more 49 65 64 59 59 59 55 58 50
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 206 243 241 229 245 248 221 223 206
Worked at full-time jobs 68 74 74 67 80 80 61 63 59
50 to 52 weeks 42 45 45 40 49 49 39 41 37
Worked at part-time jobs 55 58 58 58 61 61 55 55 53
Did not work 83 111 109 104 104 107 105 105 95
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 168 251 253 249 256 256 241 243 190
Householder 15 to 64 years 148 179 178 173 180 180 165 165 154
Householder 65 years and over 20 72 75 75 75 75 75 78 36
One worker 58 63 63 56 69 71 60 62 52
Two workers or more 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 64 109 109 109 109 109 108 109 99
AFDC or other non-SSI 55 75 75 75 75 75 74 74 70
SSI 22 61 61 61 61 61 61 62 52
Food stamps 83 113 113 111 111 111 109 110 106
Housing assistance 41 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 56
Energy assistance 10 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 20
Free or reduced-price school lunches 92 102 102 99 103 103 94 94 94
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 59 87 87 87 87 87 85 86 82
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 54 72 75 63 64 66 58 60 38
Medicare 27 84 88 88 95 95 92 95 42
Medicaid 111 169 169 169 172 172 165 166 143
07/24/98 15
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 80 80 80 80 89 89 75 77 77
Health insurance 64 64 64 64 72 72 61 61 61
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 20 51 51 51 51 51 51 52 37
07/24/98 16
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Asian or Pacific Islander
All families 238 238 200 190 157 145 168 244 219
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 20 20 18 18 14 14 16 18 18
25 to 44 years 119 119 112 105 88 88 95 144 123
45 to 54 years 46 46 29 29 19 13 21 35 32
55 to 64 years 19 19 19 18 18 14 18 24 24
65 years and over 34 34 20 20 18 16 18 23 23
Type of Family
Married-couple families 158 158 134 126 110 102 117 161 148
With related children under 18 105 105 94 86 72 72 79 114 101
With related children under 6 62 62 58 51 41 41 48 66 61
Male householder, no wife present 13 13 9 9 8 8 8 10 9
Female householder, no husband present 68 68 57 54 38 34 43 73 62
With related children under 18 57 57 46 43 27 27 32 62 51
With related children under 6 26 26 24 23 14 14 19 29 27
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 224 224 187 178 149 137 159 230 206
Inside central cities 154 154 134 125 106 103 115 158 146
Outside central cities 70 70 53 53 43 35 43 72 60
Outside metropolitan areas 15 15 13 12 7 7 9 14 13
Region
Northeast 48 48 42 41 31 31 35 65 54
Midwest 20 20 16 13 9 7 12 17 17
South 39 39 39 39 32 32 34 40 39
West 131 131 103 97 84 74 86 121 109
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 97 97 78 72 56 54 63 89 82
07/24/98 17
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
High school graduate, no college 53 53 50 48 43 39 43 62 53
College: Less than bachelor's degree 39 39 35 33 25 25 30 41 39
Bachelor's degree or more 50 50 37 37 32 27 32 52 46
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 204 204 179 169 139 129 150 221 197
Worked at full-time jobs 57 57 52 49 41 35 43 82 64
50 to 52 weeks 35 35 34 32 28 26 30 55 44
Worked at part-time jobs 53 53 51 45 37 37 39 55 51
Did not work 95 95 77 75 61 57 68 84 82
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 185 185 148 141 111 101 120 167 155
Householder 15 to 64 years 154 154 130 123 96 88 105 147 135
Householder 65 years and over 31 31 18 18 15 13 15 20 20
One worker 50 50 49 46 42 40 45 74 61
Two workers or more 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 94 94 56 48 24 24 33 64 56
AFDC or other non-SSI 70 70 47 41 20 20 29 55 47
SSI 47 47 22 16 9 9 14 22 22
Food stamps 103 103 75 68 41 41 50 83 75
Housing assistance 51 51 38 38 18 18 25 41 40
Energy assistance 20 20 10 8 3 3 6 10 10
Free or reduced-price school lunches 94 94 77 68 45 45 54 93 83
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 79 79 51 44 20 20 29 59 51
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 38 38 33 31 22 22 25 64 50
Medicare 35 35 18 18 13 13 15 27 23
Medicaid 137 137 98 88 61 61 73 112 100
07/24/98 18
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Asian or Pacific Islander)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 77 77 77 77 73 61 73 85 77
Health insurance 61 61 61 61 57 51 57 67 61
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 31 31 14 13 8 8 10 20 16