07/24/98 1
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
All families 8408 21.7 30.2 30.2 29.2
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 630 49.0 52.3 52.3 50.4
25 to 44 years 4407 24.1 29.0 28.9 28.0
45 to 54 years 1594 9.8 15.1 15.1 14.2
55 to 64 years 862 14.9 25.4 25.4 24.6
65 years and over 916 18.8 51.2 52.2 51.2
Type of Family
Married-couple families 3921 7.1 15.5 15.6 14.8
With related children under 18 2275 8.2 12.7 12.6 11.6
With related children under 6 1023 10.3 12.9 12.7 12.5
Male householder, no wife present 562 17.5 22.7 22.7 22.0
Female householder, no husband present 3926 37.0 45.9 45.9 44.7
With related children under 18 3060 43.7 51.0 51.0 49.5
With related children under 6 1384 51.9 57.1 57.2 55.4
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 7242 20.8 28.7 28.8 27.9
Inside central cities 4557 24.3 33.5 33.6 32.5
Outside central cities 2685 14.9 20.7 20.7 20.0
Outside metropolitan areas 1166 27.4 38.9 38.9 37.6
07/24/98 2
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Region
Northeast 1501 24.0 33.3 33.1 32.1
Midwest 1468 24.0 33.3 33.7 32.4
South 4721 21.0 28.9 28.9 28.1
West 717 16.9 25.2 25.2 24.2
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1943 37.7 54.3 54.2 53.3
High school graduate, no college 3064 24.1 30.9 31.0 29.7
College: Less than bachelor's degree 2312 13.4 19.5 19.5 19.0
Bachelor's degree or more 1089 4.4 7.8 7.8 6.5
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 7492 22.1 27.6 27.5 26.6
Worked at full-time jobs 5334 10.6 13.1 13.0 11.8
50 to 52 weeks 4360 5.2 6.1 6.0 5.1
Worked at part-time jobs 832 41.0 49.5 49.5 48.5
Did not work 1326 56.5 72.2 72.2 71.9
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 2933 53.2 74.4 74.7 73.7
Householder 15 to 64 years 2272 61.3 76.2 76.2 75.1
Householder 65 years and over 661 25.2 68.0 69.4 68.8
One worker 3480 7.2 9.6 9.4 8.1
Two workers or more 1994 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8
07/24/98 3
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 1461 57.2 76.7 76.3 75.8
AFDC or other non-SSI 977 70.0 84.8 84.4 84.0
SSI 636 35.5 67.6 67.6 66.8
Food stamps 1677 65.6 78.7 78.4 78.1
Housing assistance 1046 63.2 73.9 73.7 72.8
Energy assistance 452 66.8 85.0 85.0 82.5
Free or reduced-price school lunches 2245 47.2 57.0 56.9 55.4
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 1035 70.4 87.6 87.2 86.9
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 5232 7.0 10.4 10.6 9.0
Medicare 1506 20.8 49.6 50.2 49.7
Medicaid 2423 50.5 66.2 66.0 65.0
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 1020 27.4 31.5 31.5 31.5
Health insurance 762 32.5 37.2 37.2 37.2
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 568 35.6 68.7 68.7 68.7
07/24/98 4
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
All families 30.6 30.8 27.9 28.1 21.8
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 53.8 53.8 47.6 48.2 44.4
25 to 44 years 28.8 29.0 25.5 25.7 23.3
45 to 54 years 15.8 15.9 14.5 14.5 12.1
55 to 64 years 26.8 26.8 24.2 24.2 15.5
65 years and over 52.8 53.5 52.8 52.8 21.8
Type of Family
Married-couple families 15.4 15.5 14.8 14.9 7.6
With related children under 18 12.1 12.2 11.1 11.2 8.2
With related children under 6 12.9 12.9 11.6 11.8 10.1
Male householder, no wife present 25.6 26.1 21.4 21.9 17.3
Female householder, no husband present 46.5 46.7 41.9 42.1 36.6
With related children under 18 51.4 51.6 45.6 45.9 41.9
With related children under 6 57.6 57.8 52.4 52.9 49.8
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 29.3 29.4 26.8 26.9 21.0
Inside central cities 34.2 34.3 31.0 31.3 24.3
Outside central cities 20.9 21.2 19.5 19.6 15.2
Outside metropolitan areas 39.1 39.1 35.0 35.0 27.1
07/24/98 5
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Region
Northeast 33.2 33.4 31.5 31.7 25.2
Midwest 33.2 33.3 30.9 31.3 24.8
South 29.6 29.8 26.5 26.6 20.4
West 26.8 26.9 23.4 23.4 17.9
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 55.8 56.1 53.0 53.0 40.3
High school graduate, no college 31.2 31.3 27.6 27.8 22.8
College: Less than bachelor's degree 19.8 19.9 17.3 17.5 13.3
Bachelor's degree or more 7.1 7.1 6.6 6.6 4.2
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 27.9 28.0 24.9 25.0 21.8
Worked at full-time jobs 13.2 13.2 9.8 10.0 8.6
50 to 52 weeks 6.1 6.1 3.5 3.7 3.3
Worked at part-time jobs 50.4 50.4 45.3 45.7 39.6
Did not work 73.1 73.6 72.6 72.6 63.6
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 75.4 75.6 71.7 71.9 55.7
Householder 15 to 64 years 77.1 77.1 72.2 72.5 63.4
Householder 65 years and over 69.7 70.6 70.0 70.0 29.2
One worker 9.8 9.9 6.4 6.5 5.2
Two workers or more 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1
07/24/98 6
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 77.7 77.9 75.0 75.4 69.0
AFDC or other non-SSI 85.9 86.3 82.7 83.1 78.6
SSI 68.8 68.8 67.0 67.4 57.1
Food stamps 80.2 80.3 73.5 74.1 67.4
Housing assistance 74.1 74.1 71.0 71.0 65.8
Energy assistance 84.1 84.1 79.2 79.2 70.3
Free or reduced-price school lunches 57.4 57.5 51.9 52.0 46.2
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 88.7 88.8 85.1 85.6 80.7
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 9.7 9.9 8.2 8.3 5.4
Medicare 51.6 52.0 50.8 51.0 25.1
Medicaid 66.8 67.0 62.9 63.4 55.2
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 34.6 34.8 27.1 27.1 22.9
Health insurance 40.9 41.2 32.5 32.5 27.3
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 69.9 70.3 69.2 69.7 45.3
07/24/98 7
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
All families 21.3 21.3 19.0 17.9 15.1
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 43.4 43.4 40.3 37.7 30.2
25 to 44 years 23.0 23.0 21.0 19.7 16.2
45 to 54 years 12.0 12.0 9.0 8.4 7.7
55 to 64 years 15.3 15.3 12.8 12.3 11.1
65 years and over 19.4 19.4 17.6 17.0 16.1
Type of Family
Married-couple families 7.3 7.3 6.3 5.9 5.4
With related children under 18 7.8 7.8 6.8 6.2 5.5
With related children under 6 9.7 9.7 8.7 7.6 6.4
Male householder, no wife present 15.7 15.7 15.1 15.1 14.7
Female householder, no husband present 36.1 36.1 32.2 30.2 24.9
With related children under 18 41.5 41.5 37.6 35.1 28.5
With related children under 6 49.2 49.2 46.0 41.7 33.9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 20.5 20.5 18.2 17.0 14.3
Inside central cities 23.7 23.7 21.0 19.4 16.1
Outside central cities 14.9 14.9 13.4 13.0 11.1
Outside metropolitan areas 26.6 26.6 24.0 23.2 20.2
07/24/98 8
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Region
Northeast 24.7 24.7 21.8 20.0 16.9
Midwest 24.0 24.0 20.2 18.6 16.2
South 20.0 20.0 18.4 17.6 14.6
West 17.1 17.1 14.3 13.6 12.7
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 39.3 39.3 35.1 33.3 28.6
High school graduate, no college 22.4 22.4 20.1 18.6 15.5
College: Less than bachelor's degree 12.9 12.9 11.2 10.8 9.0
Bachelor's degree or more 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.3 2.8
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 21.5 21.5 19.2 18.0 15.0
Worked at full-time jobs 8.6 8.6 7.5 6.7 5.0
50 to 52 weeks 3.3 3.3 2.9 2.5 2.1
Worked at part-time jobs 38.9 38.9 36.2 33.6 26.2
Did not work 62.7 62.7 55.2 53.3 48.3
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 54.2 54.2 48.8 46.3 39.1
Householder 15 to 64 years 62.5 62.5 56.2 53.2 44.2
Householder 65 years and over 25.9 25.9 23.6 22.7 21.4
One worker 5.2 5.2 4.2 3.8 3.1
Two workers or more 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.7
07/24/98 9
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 67.0 67.0 53.7 49.4 37.9
AFDC or other non-SSI 77.3 77.3 66.1 60.6 45.2
SSI 53.4 53.4 32.5 30.0 22.9
Food stamps 65.9 65.9 58.3 53.2 41.5
Housing assistance 64.5 64.5 57.9 53.5 36.7
Energy assistance 69.4 69.4 59.5 53.6 44.0
Free or reduced-price school lunches 45.4 45.4 41.2 38.7 31.0
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 78.6 78.6 66.3 60.6 45.9
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 5.4 5.4 4.9 4.8 4.0
Medicare 22.3 22.3 19.3 18.9 16.5
Medicaid 54.1 54.1 46.4 42.5 33.5
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 22.9 22.9 22.4 22.4 21.9
Health insurance 27.3 27.3 26.7 26.7 26.0
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 40.9 40.9 32.9 31.9 26.2
07/24/98 10
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
All families 14.0 15.7 22.9 19.8
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 30.2 31.5 50.4 41.1
25 to 44 years 15.7 16.6 25.7 22.0
45 to 54 years 7.4 8.0 10.6 9.6
55 to 64 years 9.2 11.6 14.8 13.1
65 years and over 11.1 17.3 19.4 19.0
Type of Family
Married-couple families 4.9 5.9 7.5 6.8
With related children under 18 5.3 6.1 8.6 7.3
With related children under 6 6.4 7.5 10.5 9.2
Male householder, no wife present 13.2 14.7 19.4 16.3
Female householder, no husband present 23.3 25.6 38.7 33.4
With related children under 18 27.2 29.3 45.7 38.9
With related children under 6 32.5 35.5 53.6 47.0
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 13.4 14.8 22.0 19.0
Inside central cities 15.1 16.8 25.6 22.0
Outside central cities 10.5 11.4 15.8 14.0
Outside metropolitan areas 18.2 21.1 28.4 24.8
07/24/98 11
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Region
Northeast 16.4 17.5 24.9 22.5
Midwest 14.8 17.0 24.9 21.4
South 13.4 15.1 22.2 19.2
West 11.5 12.7 18.9 15.0
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 26.5 30.0 38.5 35.9
High school graduate, no college 15.0 15.9 25.5 21.6
College: Less than bachelor's degree 7.9 9.1 14.8 11.5
Bachelor's degree or more 2.1 3.4 4.7 4.0
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 14.4 15.5 23.3 19.9
Worked at full-time jobs 4.7 5.0 11.8 8.2
50 to 52 weeks 2.1 2.1 6.2 3.6
Worked at part-time jobs 26.1 27.0 43.5 37.5
Did not work 45.9 50.2 56.9 56.0
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 36.5 40.5 54.4 49.9
Householder 15 to 64 years 42.6 45.6 62.7 57.0
Householder 65 years and over 15.3 23.2 26.1 25.5
One worker 2.8 3.3 8.5 5.2
Two workers or more 0.5 0.8 1.4 1.2
07/24/98 12
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 36.3 39.6 58.3 54.4
AFDC or other non-SSI 43.9 47.0 70.9 66.3
SSI 21.0 25.6 36.4 33.8
Food stamps 39.3 43.2 67.3 59.3
Housing assistance 36.7 38.5 64.8 59.0
Energy assistance 40.1 44.9 67.2 60.3
Free or reduced-price school lunches 29.5 32.2 49.2 42.7
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 43.9 47.5 71.2 66.8
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 3.7 4.1 7.9 5.9
Medicare 12.7 18.1 21.6 20.6
Medicaid 31.7 35.2 51.8 47.1
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 20.6 21.9 29.3 22.4
Health insurance 24.6 26.0 34.6 26.7
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 20.9 28.8 36.8 34.3
07/24/98 13
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
All families 1827 2535 2540 2458 2576 2589 2346 2359 1833
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 309 330 330 318 339 339 300 304 280
25 to 44 years 1063 1279 1274 1233 1271 1276 1123 1133 1028
45 to 54 years 155 240 240 226 252 253 232 232 193
55 to 64 years 128 219 219 212 231 231 208 208 133
65 years and over 172 469 478 469 484 490 483 483 200
Type of Family
Married-couple families 278 608 611 580 605 608 582 584 300
With related children under 18 187 289 287 264 276 278 252 254 187
With related children under 6 105 132 130 128 132 132 119 121 104
Male householder, no wife present 98 128 128 124 144 147 120 123 97
Female householder, no husband present 1451 1800 1801 1755 1826 1834 1644 1652 1436
With related children under 18 1337 1560 1560 1514 1572 1579 1396 1404 1282
With related children under 6 718 790 792 767 797 801 725 733 689
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 1508 2082 2086 2020 2120 2133 1939 1951 1518
Inside central cities 1108 1526 1531 1483 1558 1565 1414 1425 1110
Outside central cities 400 555 555 537 562 568 525 527 408
Outside metropolitan areas 320 454 454 439 456 456 408 408 316
Region
Northeast 360 499 497 482 498 501 473 476 379
Midwest 352 489 495 476 487 489 454 460 364
South 993 1366 1367 1328 1398 1405 1252 1256 962
West 121 181 181 174 192 193 168 168 128
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 732 1055 1053 1037 1085 1091 1030 1030 783
07/24/98 14
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
High school graduate, no college 737 945 951 911 957 960 845 853 698
College: Less than bachelor's degree 310 450 450 440 457 460 400 405 307
Bachelor's degree or more 48 85 85 71 77 77 72 72 46
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 1655 2067 2062 1989 2092 2099 1863 1876 1633
Worked at full-time jobs 565 697 692 631 704 704 523 533 461
50 to 52 weeks 227 265 262 223 267 267 154 160 142
Worked at part-time jobs 341 412 412 404 419 419 377 380 330
Did not work 749 958 958 954 969 976 963 963 843
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 1560 2182 2191 2162 2212 2219 2104 2110 1633
Householder 15 to 64 years 1393 1732 1731 1706 1751 1752 1641 1647 1440
Householder 65 years and over 167 450 459 455 461 467 463 463 193
One worker 250 333 328 281 343 346 221 228 180
Two workers or more 18 21 21 16 21 24 21 21 21
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 836 1120 1116 1108 1135 1138 1096 1102 1009
AFDC or other non-SSI 684 828 824 821 839 843 808 811 767
SSI 226 430 430 425 437 437 426 429 363
Food stamps 1100 1320 1315 1310 1345 1346 1232 1243 1130
Housing assistance 661 773 771 762 775 775 743 743 688
Energy assistance 301 384 384 372 380 380 358 358 318
Free or reduced-price school lunches 1058 1279 1276 1243 1288 1291 1164 1168 1036
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 728 907 902 899 917 919 880 886 835
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 366 544 553 471 508 516 430 435 285
Medicare 313 747 757 748 778 784 766 768 378
Medicaid 1223 1604 1599 1575 1619 1623 1525 1536 1337
07/24/98 15
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 280 321 321 321 353 355 277 277 233
Health insurance 248 284 284 284 312 314 248 248 208
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 202 390 390 390 397 399 393 396 257
07/24/98 16
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
All families 1791 1791 1597 1502 1270 1179 1318 1922 1668
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 274 274 254 238 191 191 199 318 259
25 to 44 years 1016 1016 926 869 714 691 733 1130 968
45 to 54 years 192 192 144 134 122 117 127 168 154
55 to 64 years 132 132 111 106 96 79 100 127 113
65 years and over 178 178 161 155 147 101 159 178 174
Type of Family
Married-couple families 285 285 247 233 212 192 231 293 265
With related children under 18 177 177 155 141 126 121 138 195 167
With related children under 6 99 99 89 78 65 65 77 108 94
Male householder, no wife present 88 88 85 85 82 74 82 109 92
Female householder, no husband present 1418 1418 1265 1185 976 913 1005 1520 1311
With related children under 18 1270 1270 1152 1073 871 833 897 1399 1192
With related children under 6 682 682 637 577 469 450 491 741 650
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 1481 1481 1317 1232 1034 967 1072 1592 1379
Inside central cities 1080 1080 956 883 736 686 767 1169 1004
Outside central cities 401 401 361 349 298 281 305 423 375
Outside metropolitan areas 310 310 280 270 236 212 246 331 289
Region
Northeast 371 371 327 301 253 246 262 373 338
Midwest 353 353 296 274 237 217 250 365 314
South 944 944 870 831 688 634 715 1048 907
West 123 123 103 97 91 83 91 136 108
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 763 763 681 647 555 514 582 748 697
07/24/98 17
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
High school graduate, no college 687 687 617 571 475 459 488 780 661
College: Less than bachelor's degree 298 298 259 249 209 183 211 342 266
Bachelor's degree or more 42 42 40 36 30 23 37 51 44
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 1613 1613 1435 1347 1123 1078 1160 1744 1494
Worked at full-time jobs 458 458 402 360 264 251 269 628 439
50 to 52 weeks 142 142 125 107 90 90 90 271 157
Worked at part-time jobs 324 324 301 280 218 218 225 362 312
Did not work 831 831 732 707 640 609 665 754 743
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 1591 1591 1432 1357 1146 1070 1188 1596 1463
Householder 15 to 64 years 1419 1419 1276 1208 1005 969 1035 1424 1295
Householder 65 years and over 171 171 156 150 142 101 153 173 169
One worker 180 180 147 131 109 99 113 297 180
Two workers or more 21 21 18 14 14 11 17 29 24
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 979 979 784 722 553 531 579 852 795
AFDC or other non-SSI 755 755 645 592 442 429 459 692 647
SSI 339 339 207 191 146 134 163 231 215
Food stamps 1105 1105 978 893 696 660 724 1129 994
Housing assistance 675 675 606 560 384 384 402 678 617
Energy assistance 313 313 269 242 199 181 203 303 272
Free or reduced-price school lunches 1020 1020 924 870 697 663 723 1105 959
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 813 813 686 627 475 455 492 737 691
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 283 283 258 250 211 196 216 412 310
Medicare 336 336 290 284 249 191 272 325 310
Medicaid 1312 1312 1124 1030 813 769 853 1256 1140
07/24/98 18
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 233 233 229 229 224 210 224 299 229
Health insurance 208 208 203 203 198 187 198 264 203
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 232 232 187 181 149 119 164 209 195