07/24/98 1
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
All families 59515 7.3 15.5 15.5 15.1
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 2270 24.0 27.1 26.9 25.2
25 to 44 years 26568 9.4 11.2 11.2 10.8
45 to 54 years 12455 4.3 7.1 7.0 6.7
55 to 64 years 8149 5.2 11.9 11.9 11.6
65 years and over 10072 3.7 37.6 37.5 37.2
Type of Family
Married-couple families 48070 4.0 12.0 11.9 11.6
With related children under 18 22783 5.5 7.3 7.3 7.0
With related children under 6 10902 7.1 8.5 8.5 8.1
Male householder, no wife present 3137 10.7 17.1 17.0 16.7
Female householder, no husband present 8308 25.3 35.5 35.4 34.2
With related children under 18 5502 34.6 41.8 41.7 40.0
With related children under 6 2157 51.5 56.8 56.6 54.6
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 46429 6.7 14.1 14.1 13.7
Inside central cities 13865 10.3 18.5 18.5 17.9
Outside central cities 32564 5.2 12.3 12.2 11.9
Outside metropolitan areas 13086 9.5 20.4 20.3 19.8
07/24/98 2
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Region
Northeast 11390 6.6 15.2 15.2 14.7
Midwest 14771 5.4 13.6 13.5 13.1
South 20358 7.8 16.9 16.8 16.5
West 12996 9.5 15.9 15.9 15.3
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 9662 19.8 39.9 39.8 39.2
High school graduate, no college 19418 7.4 16.5 16.5 15.9
College: Less than bachelor's degree 15233 5.3 10.4 10.4 9.9
Bachelor's degree or more 15202 1.4 4.0 3.9 3.7
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 49443 8.1 11.0 11.0 10.5
Worked at full-time jobs 38276 3.9 4.7 4.7 4.3
50 to 52 weeks 33113 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.3
Worked at part-time jobs 4762 17.2 21.3 21.2 20.4
Did not work 6405 26.4 41.2 41.2 40.8
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 16802 20.3 47.6 47.5 46.7
Householder 15 to 64 years 8958 34.1 47.9 47.8 46.6
Householder 65 years and over 7844 4.6 47.3 47.1 46.7
One worker 25849 3.4 4.5 4.5 4.0
Two workers or more 16864 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5
07/24/98 3
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 3181 44.5 67.5 67.5 66.6
AFDC or other non-SSI 1721 64.3 80.2 80.1 79.5
SSI 1755 25.3 58.2 58.2 57.2
Food stamps 3348 58.2 73.1 72.7 71.5
Housing assistance 1464 52.8 68.1 67.6 66.0
Energy assistance 1009 51.1 74.1 73.4 72.7
Free or reduced-price school lunches 4891 36.3 45.5 45.3 43.6
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 1862 64.9 84.6 84.4 83.5
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 43669 2.4 5.7 5.6 5.0
Medicare 13006 5.0 36.3 36.2 35.8
Medicaid 7071 33.7 49.2 49.1 48.1
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 6566 15.4 18.9 18.9 18.9
Health insurance 3887 21.0 24.6 24.5 24.5
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 1814 15.7 53.4 53.4 52.5
07/24/98 4
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
All families 15.7 15.8 14.5 14.6 7.2
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 28.1 28.4 23.0 23.1 21.6
25 to 44 years 11.5 11.6 9.6 9.7 8.5
45 to 54 years 7.3 7.3 6.6 6.6 4.7
55 to 64 years 12.0 12.1 11.9 11.9 6.1
65 years and over 37.6 37.7 37.5 37.6 4.5
Type of Family
Married-couple families 12.2 12.2 11.4 11.5 4.0
With related children under 18 7.7 7.7 6.2 6.3 5.0
With related children under 6 9.1 9.1 7.1 7.2 6.3
Male householder, no wife present 18.1 18.2 15.6 15.7 9.9
Female householder, no husband present 35.5 35.7 32.0 32.1 24.8
With related children under 18 41.8 41.9 36.5 36.6 33.0
With related children under 6 56.2 56.3 50.3 50.3 48.3
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 14.3 14.4 13.2 13.3 6.6
Inside central cities 19.1 19.2 17.0 17.0 10.3
Outside central cities 12.3 12.4 11.6 11.7 5.1
Outside metropolitan areas 20.7 20.8 19.2 19.2 9.3
07/24/98 5
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Region
Northeast 15.2 15.3 14.4 14.5 7.0
Midwest 13.6 13.6 12.6 12.6 5.2
South 17.2 17.3 15.9 16.0 7.6
West 16.3 16.5 14.7 14.7 9.0
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 40.9 41.1 38.4 38.5 20.5
High school graduate, no college 16.6 16.7 15.2 15.2 7.0
College: Less than bachelor's degree 10.5 10.6 9.5 9.6 4.9
Bachelor's degree or more 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.6 1.3
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 11.3 11.3 9.9 9.9 7.8
Worked at full-time jobs 4.9 4.9 3.6 3.6 3.1
50 to 52 weeks 2.8 2.8 1.9 1.9 1.7
Worked at part-time jobs 22.1 22.1 18.7 18.7 15.5
Did not work 41.5 41.8 40.7 40.8 29.6
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 47.7 47.8 45.8 45.9 21.0
Householder 15 to 64 years 48.4 48.4 44.8 44.9 34.5
Householder 65 years and over 47.1 47.1 46.9 47.0 5.7
One worker 4.9 5.0 3.4 3.5 2.7
Two workers or more 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4
07/24/98 6
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 67.6 67.9 64.7 64.7 55.5
AFDC or other non-SSI 80.3 80.5 76.7 76.7 71.9
SSI 58.4 58.8 56.5 56.5 43.5
Food stamps 73.7 74.0 67.3 67.4 60.9
Housing assistance 68.7 68.8 62.5 62.6 53.5
Energy assistance 75.5 75.5 69.5 69.7 55.2
Free or reduced-price school lunches 46.5 46.6 39.8 40.0 34.8
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 84.3 84.7 81.1 81.2 75.9
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 5.3 5.4 4.7 4.8 1.8
Medicare 36.3 36.4 36.0 36.1 6.3
Medicaid 50.1 50.3 45.5 45.6 36.3
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 21.0 21.1 17.5 17.6 14.3
Health insurance 27.5 27.7 22.7 22.9 19.2
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 52.9 53.1 52.2 52.4 24.9
07/24/98 7
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
All families 7.0 7.0 6.4 6.0 5.3
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 21.4 21.4 20.3 18.8 16.6
25 to 44 years 8.4 8.4 7.8 7.3 6.2
45 to 54 years 4.6 4.6 3.9 3.7 3.3
55 to 64 years 5.7 5.7 5.1 4.9 4.5
65 years and over 4.1 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.4
Type of Family
Married-couple families 3.9 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.0
With related children under 18 4.9 4.9 4.5 4.1 3.7
With related children under 6 6.2 6.2 5.7 5.1 4.6
Male householder, no wife present 9.6 9.6 9.1 8.9 8.2
Female householder, no husband present 24.4 24.4 21.9 20.7 17.1
With related children under 18 32.7 32.7 29.6 27.9 22.9
With related children under 6 47.8 47.8 45.1 42.4 35.5
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 6.5 6.5 5.8 5.5 4.9
Inside central cities 10.1 10.0 8.9 8.5 7.2
Outside central cities 4.9 4.9 4.5 4.3 3.9
Outside metropolitan areas 9.0 9.0 8.3 7.7 6.6
07/24/98 8
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Region
Northeast 6.9 6.9 5.8 5.5 4.5
Midwest 5.1 5.1 4.6 4.3 3.7
South 7.4 7.4 6.9 6.5 5.9
West 8.8 8.8 8.1 7.6 6.6
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 19.8 19.8 17.9 16.9 14.8
High school graduate, no college 6.9 6.9 6.2 5.9 5.2
College: Less than bachelor's degree 4.8 4.8 4.4 4.2 3.6
Bachelor's degree or more 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 7.6 7.6 6.9 6.5 5.6
Worked at full-time jobs 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.3
50 to 52 weeks 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.3
Worked at part-time jobs 15.3 15.3 14.5 13.5 11.0
Did not work 28.9 28.9 25.3 24.3 21.4
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 20.5 20.4 18.4 17.5 15.3
Householder 15 to 64 years 33.9 33.8 30.7 29.0 25.0
Householder 65 years and over 5.1 5.1 4.4 4.4 4.2
One worker 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.0
Two workers or more 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3
07/24/98 9
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 53.0 52.9 40.9 36.4 28.6
AFDC or other non-SSI 71.0 71.0 59.0 52.5 40.4
SSI 39.3 39.0 23.9 20.8 16.6
Food stamps 59.6 59.6 51.6 46.3 35.0
Housing assistance 52.2 52.2 45.4 38.8 22.8
Energy assistance 53.7 53.7 46.8 41.8 29.3
Free or reduced-price school lunches 34.4 34.4 30.6 28.5 22.3
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 74.0 74.0 59.5 52.3 40.0
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5
Medicare 5.5 5.4 4.5 4.4 4.1
Medicaid 35.1 35.0 29.7 26.8 21.7
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 14.3 14.2 14.1 14.1 13.2
Health insurance 19.2 19.2 19.2 19.2 17.6
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 20.3 20.1 13.8 13.4 11.9
07/24/98 10
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
All families 4.7 5.4 8.0 6.7
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 16.4 17.4 26.5 21.1
25 to 44 years 5.9 6.4 10.3 8.2
45 to 54 years 2.7 3.4 4.7 4.1
55 to 64 years 3.8 4.7 5.6 5.4
65 years and over 2.4 3.4 3.7 3.6
Type of Family
Married-couple families 2.5 3.1 4.5 3.8
With related children under 18 3.3 3.8 6.5 4.9
With related children under 6 4.2 4.9 8.4 6.2
Male householder, no wife present 7.7 8.3 12.0 9.5
Female householder, no husband present 16.3 17.7 26.4 22.5
With related children under 18 22.1 23.7 36.1 30.5
With related children under 6 34.7 37.4 52.7 46.3
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 4.5 5.0 7.3 6.1
Inside central cities 6.7 7.4 11.5 9.4
Outside central cities 3.5 4.0 5.6 4.7
Outside metropolitan areas 5.7 6.9 10.3 8.8
07/24/98 11
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Region
Northeast 4.2 4.7 7.1 6.1
Midwest 3.3 3.9 5.9 4.9
South 5.3 6.0 8.5 7.2
West 6.0 6.8 10.4 8.6
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 13.4 15.4 21.4 18.7
High school graduate, no college 4.7 5.3 8.1 6.6
College: Less than bachelor's degree 3.3 3.7 5.7 4.7
Bachelor's degree or more 0.8 1.0 1.5 1.3
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 5.2 5.8 8.9 7.3
Worked at full-time jobs 2.2 2.4 4.6 3.2
50 to 52 weeks 1.2 1.3 2.8 1.8
Worked at part-time jobs 10.0 11.4 18.4 15.0
Did not work 20.0 22.2 27.4 26.3
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 13.8 15.8 21.1 19.1
Householder 15 to 64 years 23.3 25.9 35.5 31.9
Householder 65 years and over 2.9 4.2 4.6 4.5
One worker 1.8 2.0 4.4 2.8
Two workers or more 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4
07/24/98 12
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 26.9 30.6 45.7 42.0
AFDC or other non-SSI 39.0 43.2 66.2 60.2
SSI 14.3 18.0 25.8 24.8
Food stamps 33.5 37.2 61.1 53.1
Housing assistance 22.8 25.5 54.8 47.8
Energy assistance 26.9 31.7 54.0 47.6
Free or reduced-price school lunches 20.9 22.9 39.5 32.1
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 38.2 43.1 66.5 61.0
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1.3 1.6 2.7 2.1
Medicare 3.0 4.3 5.1 4.9
Medicaid 20.3 22.9 35.7 30.7
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 12.2 13.2 17.5 14.1
Health insurance 16.4 17.6 24.0 19.2
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 9.4 12.2 16.0 15.5
07/24/98 13
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
All families 4368 9239 9214 8958 9368 9407 8650 8680 4294
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 546 616 610 572 638 644 523 525 490
25 to 44 years 2485 2983 2983 2860 3065 3070 2560 2573 2265
45 to 54 years 539 880 873 832 904 912 825 825 585
55 to 64 years 425 968 971 948 977 984 967 972 498
65 years and over 373 3792 3777 3745 3783 3797 3775 3784 456
Type of Family
Married-couple families 1927 5758 5739 5595 5852 5868 5501 5523 1929
With related children under 18 1263 1672 1670 1586 1757 1762 1421 1434 1147
With related children under 6 769 930 931 880 995 995 776 783 686
Male householder, no wife present 337 536 533 522 567 570 490 492 309
Female householder, no husband present 2105 2946 2942 2841 2949 2968 2659 2665 2056
With related children under 18 1906 2299 2295 2204 2301 2306 2009 2012 1813
With related children under 6 1110 1225 1221 1177 1211 1213 1085 1085 1041
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 3124 6566 6555 6372 6653 6684 6137 6162 3080
Inside central cities 1428 2571 2568 2486 2644 2659 2352 2364 1433
Outside central cities 1696 3994 3987 3886 4009 4025 3786 3799 1648
Outside metropolitan areas 1244 2673 2659 2586 2714 2723 2512 2517 1214
Region
Northeast 755 1732 1734 1676 1731 1739 1644 1653 795
Midwest 802 2010 2000 1939 2005 2011 1861 1869 770
South 1580 3432 3417 3350 3507 3517 3239 3249 1556
West 1232 2065 2063 1992 2124 2140 1905 1909 1174
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1916 3855 3846 3785 3948 3972 3709 3721 1977
07/24/98 14
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
High school graduate, no college 1432 3196 3195 3093 3227 3238 2947 2955 1368
College: Less than bachelor's degree 801 1583 1578 1514 1606 1610 1452 1456 744
Bachelor's degree or more 219 605 595 565 587 587 542 548 205
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 3995 5447 5437 5213 5585 5610 4875 4895 3838
Worked at full-time jobs 1484 1793 1790 1629 1875 1884 1379 1392 1203
50 to 52 weeks 749 865 863 770 932 935 623 628 560
Worked at part-time jobs 820 1014 1008 970 1050 1051 890 892 737
Did not work 1691 2640 2639 2614 2660 2675 2606 2612 1898
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 3413 8000 7979 7843 8023 8030 7696 7713 3535
Householder 15 to 64 years 3053 4293 4285 4178 4331 4334 4017 4024 3091
Householder 65 years and over 361 3707 3694 3665 3691 3695 3679 3689 444
One worker 882 1155 1153 1036 1255 1284 883 896 694
Two workers or more 73 84 82 78 90 93 70 70 65
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 1414 2147 2147 2118 2150 2160 2058 2059 1764
AFDC or other non-SSI 1107 1380 1379 1367 1382 1385 1319 1320 1238
SSI 445 1021 1022 1004 1024 1032 991 991 763
Food stamps 1949 2449 2435 2393 2467 2476 2254 2255 2039
Housing assistance 773 997 989 967 1006 1007 914 916 783
Energy assistance 516 748 740 733 762 762 701 703 557
Free or reduced-price school lunches 1778 2226 2218 2133 2275 2280 1947 1957 1705
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 1208 1574 1571 1554 1570 1578 1510 1511 1413
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1044 2468 2459 2202 2332 2340 2073 2086 794
Medicare 650 4723 4708 4652 4718 4734 4684 4700 819
Medicaid 2382 3479 3473 3402 3541 3555 3217 3223 2565
07/24/98 15
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 1009 1244 1240 1240 1378 1388 1148 1155 936
Health insurance 817 955 953 953 1069 1079 884 891 747
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 286 970 968 953 961 963 947 950 452
07/24/98 16
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
All families 4187 4182 3784 3579 3129 2823 3230 4753 3992
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 487 487 460 428 376 372 395 602 480
25 to 44 years 2244 2240 2068 1931 1639 1558 1694 2741 2191
45 to 54 years 576 576 485 466 406 342 418 584 515
55 to 64 years 466 466 414 399 368 313 380 455 441
65 years and over 413 413 357 354 341 238 343 372 365
Type of Family
Married-couple families 1858 1854 1683 1578 1449 1224 1502 2186 1822
With related children under 18 1126 1121 1021 931 836 744 876 1473 1109
With related children under 6 681 677 624 558 499 459 537 917 680
Male householder, no wife present 302 302 285 278 257 241 261 376 298
Female householder, no husband present 2026 2026 1816 1722 1423 1357 1466 2191 1872
With related children under 18 1797 1797 1627 1536 1259 1214 1302 1985 1679
With related children under 6 1032 1032 972 914 765 749 806 1136 998
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 3006 3002 2701 2573 2266 2072 2326 3400 2845
Inside central cities 1394 1390 1237 1175 995 930 1026 1590 1307
Outside central cities 1612 1612 1464 1398 1272 1142 1300 1810 1538
Outside metropolitan areas 1180 1180 1083 1006 863 750 903 1353 1148
Region
Northeast 784 784 664 628 513 475 531 813 693
Midwest 747 747 676 635 552 494 582 867 724
South 1509 1509 1395 1327 1205 1079 1227 1720 1458
West 1147 1142 1049 989 860 775 889 1352 1118
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1910 1910 1729 1636 1433 1292 1485 2069 1808
07/24/98 17
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
High school graduate, no college 1344 1339 1210 1149 1000 915 1027 1577 1275
College: Less than bachelor's degree 738 737 674 633 543 497 560 873 712
Bachelor's degree or more 196 196 171 162 153 119 157 235 197
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 3774 3769 3428 3225 2789 2585 2887 4381 3627
Worked at full-time jobs 1193 1193 1118 1029 891 830 919 1751 1230
50 to 52 weeks 557 556 522 485 422 385 435 929 590
Worked at part-time jobs 727 727 689 642 526 476 544 877 716
Did not work 1853 1849 1621 1554 1372 1278 1424 1753 1682
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 3436 3432 3094 2936 2569 2311 2653 3542 3208
Householder 15 to 64 years 3036 3032 2749 2594 2240 2085 2322 3182 2855
Householder 65 years and over 400 400 345 342 329 226 331 360 353
One worker 685 684 632 586 507 466 523 1125 723
Two workers or more 65 65 59 57 54 46 54 87 61
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 1686 1682 1300 1156 909 857 973 1454 1337
AFDC or other non-SSI 1222 1222 1015 904 696 672 744 1139 1036
SSI 689 685 419 365 291 250 316 452 435
Food stamps 1997 1997 1726 1551 1173 1122 1246 2044 1778
Housing assistance 764 764 665 567 334 334 373 802 699
Energy assistance 542 542 472 422 296 272 320 544 480
Free or reduced-price school lunches 1683 1683 1499 1395 1090 1023 1120 1933 1568
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 1378 1378 1107 974 744 711 803 1239 1135
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 777 773 736 713 667 585 681 1193 903
Medicare 712 708 583 576 538 391 554 658 638
Medicaid 2481 2477 2098 1893 1532 1432 1622 2523 2170
07/24/98 18
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 936 935 928 928 865 801 865 1149 928
Health insurance 747 746 746 746 685 638 685 931 747
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 368 364 250 244 215 170 222 291 282