07/24/98 1
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
All families 70884 9.2 17.3 17.2 16.7
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 3018 29.2 32.3 32.1 30.5
25 to 44 years 32510 11.5 13.8 13.8 13.2
45 to 54 years 14695 5.1 8.1 8.0 7.6
55 to 64 years 9391 6.2 13.1 13.1 12.8
65 years and over 11270 5.1 38.7 38.6 38.3
Type of Family
Married-couple families 54321 4.4 12.2 12.2 11.8
With related children under 18 26430 6.0 8.0 7.9 7.5
With related children under 6 12600 7.5 9.1 9.0 8.6
Male householder, no wife present 3911 11.7 17.8 17.7 17.3
Female householder, no husband present 12652 29.1 38.7 38.7 37.5
With related children under 18 8822 37.9 45.1 45.1 43.5
With related children under 6 3636 51.8 57.0 56.9 55.1
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 56350 8.7 16.0 16.0 15.5
Inside central cities 19592 13.8 22.1 22.1 21.4
Outside central cities 36758 6.0 12.8 12.7 12.4
Outside metropolitan areas 14534 11.1 22.1 22.0 21.4
07/24/98 2
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Region
Northeast 13338 8.8 17.3 17.3 16.7
Midwest 16594 7.2 15.4 15.4 14.8
South 25682 10.3 19.0 18.9 18.5
West 15270 9.9 16.3 16.3 15.8
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 12069 23.1 42.3 42.2 41.5
High school graduate, no college 23172 9.8 18.4 18.4 17.8
College: Less than bachelor's degree 18183 6.4 11.6 11.6 11.1
Bachelor's degree or more 17460 1.8 4.3 4.3 4.0
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 59614 10.0 13.2 13.2 12.6
Worked at full-time jobs 45676 4.7 5.7 5.7 5.2
50 to 52 weeks 39248 2.6 3.0 3.0 2.7
Worked at part-time jobs 5831 21.0 25.6 25.5 24.7
Did not work 8107 31.8 46.6 46.6 46.1
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 20425 25.6 51.7 51.6 50.8
Householder 15 to 64 years 11747 39.8 53.7 53.6 52.4
Householder 65 years and over 8678 6.4 49.0 49.0 48.6
One worker 30594 3.9 5.1 5.1 4.5
Two workers or more 19865 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
07/24/98 3
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 4892 48.1 70.2 70.1 69.3
AFDC or other non-SSI 2824 66.3 82.0 81.8 81.3
SSI 2546 27.8 60.4 60.4 59.6
Food stamps 5242 60.6 75.2 74.9 74.0
Housing assistance 2629 56.9 70.6 70.3 69.0
Energy assistance 1526 55.2 77.7 77.2 76.0
Free or reduced-price school lunches 7452 40.0 49.3 49.1 47.5
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 3045 66.4 85.6 85.4 84.7
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 50957 2.9 6.1 6.1 5.4
Medicare 14988 6.7 37.3 37.3 36.9
Medicaid 9980 37.8 53.4 53.2 52.3
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 8086 17.2 20.7 20.7 20.7
Health insurance 5004 23.0 26.6 26.5 26.5
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 2548 20.2 56.2 56.2 55.6
07/24/98 4
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
All families 17.5 17.6 16.1 16.2 9.1
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 33.4 33.6 28.3 28.5 26.4
25 to 44 years 14.0 14.1 11.9 12.0 10.7
45 to 54 years 8.3 8.4 7.6 7.6 5.7
55 to 64 years 13.3 13.4 12.9 13.0 7.0
65 years and over 38.8 39.0 38.7 38.8 6.2
Type of Family
Married-couple families 12.4 12.4 11.7 11.7 4.5
With related children under 18 8.3 8.3 6.8 6.9 5.5
With related children under 6 9.6 9.6 7.7 7.7 6.8
Male householder, no wife present 19.2 19.4 16.6 16.8 11.0
Female householder, no husband present 38.9 39.1 35.1 35.2 28.6
With related children under 18 45.3 45.4 39.8 40.0 36.2
With related children under 6 56.8 57.0 51.3 51.5 49.1
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 16.2 16.3 14.9 15.0 8.7
Inside central cities 22.6 22.7 20.3 20.4 13.9
Outside central cities 12.8 12.9 12.1 12.1 5.9
Outside metropolitan areas 22.4 22.5 20.7 20.7 11.0
07/24/98 5
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Region
Northeast 17.2 17.3 16.3 16.4 9.2
Midwest 15.3 15.4 14.2 14.3 7.1
South 19.4 19.5 17.8 17.9 10.1
West 16.9 17.0 15.2 15.2 9.7
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 43.4 43.6 40.8 40.9 24.1
High school graduate, no college 18.6 18.7 16.9 16.9 9.3
College: Less than bachelor's degree 11.8 11.8 10.6 10.6 6.1
Bachelor's degree or more 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.9 1.7
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 13.5 13.5 11.8 11.9 9.7
Worked at full-time jobs 5.9 5.9 4.4 4.4 3.8
50 to 52 weeks 3.2 3.2 2.1 2.1 1.9
Worked at part-time jobs 26.4 26.5 22.8 22.9 19.4
Did not work 46.9 47.2 46.1 46.2 35.7
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 51.9 52.0 49.7 49.8 26.7
Householder 15 to 64 years 54.1 54.2 50.3 50.5 40.6
Householder 65 years and over 48.9 49.1 48.8 49.0 7.8
One worker 5.5 5.6 3.9 3.9 3.0
Two workers or more 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5
07/24/98 6
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 70.5 70.8 67.8 68.0 59.7
AFDC or other non-SSI 82.5 82.7 79.1 79.3 74.6
SSI 60.9 61.2 59.1 59.3 47.1
Food stamps 76.1 76.2 69.7 70.0 63.5
Housing assistance 71.0 71.1 66.3 66.3 58.9
Energy assistance 78.4 78.4 72.9 73.0 60.0
Free or reduced-price school lunches 50.1 50.2 43.8 44.0 38.7
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 85.8 86.1 82.6 82.9 77.7
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 5.7 5.8 5.1 5.1 2.2
Medicare 37.6 37.7 37.3 37.4 8.4
Medicaid 54.2 54.4 49.9 50.1 41.1
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 22.9 23.1 18.9 19.0 15.7
Health insurance 29.6 29.8 24.3 24.4 20.7
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 56.1 56.3 55.5 55.7 29.8
07/24/98 7
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
All families 8.9 8.9 8.0 7.5 6.5
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 26.2 26.2 24.5 22.9 19.4
25 to 44 years 10.6 10.6 9.7 9.1 7.6
45 to 54 years 5.6 5.6 4.6 4.4 3.8
55 to 64 years 6.6 6.6 5.9 5.6 5.2
65 years and over 5.6 5.6 4.8 4.7 4.5
Type of Family
Married-couple families 4.3 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.3
With related children under 18 5.4 5.4 4.9 4.5 4.0
With related children under 6 6.7 6.7 6.2 5.5 4.8
Male householder, no wife present 10.6 10.6 10.0 9.8 9.1
Female householder, no husband present 28.2 28.2 25.2 23.7 19.6
With related children under 18 35.9 35.9 32.5 30.5 24.9
With related children under 6 48.6 48.6 45.7 42.3 35.0
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 8.4 8.4 7.5 7.1 6.2
Inside central cities 13.5 13.5 12.0 11.2 9.4
Outside central cities 5.7 5.7 5.2 5.0 4.4
Outside metropolitan areas 10.7 10.7 9.7 9.1 7.8
07/24/98 8
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Region
Northeast 9.0 9.0 7.8 7.3 6.0
Midwest 6.9 6.9 6.1 5.7 4.9
South 9.8 9.8 9.1 8.6 7.6
West 9.5 9.4 8.5 8.0 7.0
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 23.3 23.3 21.0 19.8 17.2
High school graduate, no college 9.1 9.1 8.2 7.8 6.7
College: Less than bachelor's degree 6.0 6.0 5.4 5.1 4.3
Bachelor's degree or more 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 9.5 9.5 8.6 8.1 6.9
Worked at full-time jobs 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.2 2.7
50 to 52 weeks 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.4
Worked at part-time jobs 19.1 19.1 18.0 16.7 13.5
Did not work 35.0 34.9 30.6 29.4 26.1
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 25.9 25.9 23.2 22.1 19.0
Householder 15 to 64 years 40.0 39.9 36.0 34.0 28.9
Householder 65 years and over 7.0 7.0 6.0 5.9 5.6
One worker 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.2
Two workers or more 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4
07/24/98 9
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 57.4 57.3 44.4 40.0 30.9
AFDC or other non-SSI 73.6 73.6 61.4 55.3 41.6
SSI 43.0 42.9 25.8 22.8 17.9
Food stamps 62.2 62.2 53.9 48.7 37.1
Housing assistance 57.5 57.5 50.4 44.9 28.4
Energy assistance 58.7 58.7 50.2 45.0 33.3
Free or reduced-price school lunches 38.2 38.2 34.2 31.9 25.1
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 75.8 75.8 61.5 54.8 41.4
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.8
Medicare 7.3 7.3 6.0 5.9 5.4
Medicaid 39.9 39.9 33.7 30.6 24.4
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 15.7 15.7 15.5 15.5 14.6
Health insurance 20.7 20.7 20.6 20.6 19.2
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 25.1 25.0 17.9 17.4 14.7
07/24/98 10
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
All families 5.9 6.7 9.9 8.4
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 19.3 20.3 31.3 25.3
25 to 44 years 7.3 7.9 12.6 10.3
45 to 54 years 3.3 3.9 5.4 4.8
55 to 64 years 4.4 5.4 6.5 6.2
65 years and over 3.1 4.6 5.1 5.0
Type of Family
Married-couple families 2.8 3.4 4.9 4.2
With related children under 18 3.6 4.2 6.9 5.3
With related children under 6 4.5 5.3 8.8 6.7
Male householder, no wife present 8.5 9.2 13.0 10.5
Female householder, no husband present 18.5 20.2 30.3 26.0
With related children under 18 23.9 25.7 39.6 33.6
With related children under 6 34.0 36.9 53.2 46.8
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 5.7 6.4 9.4 7.9
Inside central cities 8.8 9.8 15.0 12.6
Outside central cities 4.0 4.5 6.4 5.4
Outside metropolitan areas 6.9 8.2 12.0 10.3
07/24/98 11
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Region
Northeast 5.6 6.2 9.4 8.2
Midwest 4.4 5.2 7.7 6.5
South 6.9 7.8 11.1 9.5
West 6.3 7.2 10.8 9.0
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 15.7 17.9 24.5 21.8
High school graduate, no college 6.2 6.8 10.6 8.7
College: Less than bachelor's degree 3.9 4.5 7.0 5.7
Bachelor's degree or more 1.0 1.3 1.9 1.6
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 6.5 7.1 10.8 9.1
Worked at full-time jobs 2.5 2.7 5.5 3.8
50 to 52 weeks 1.3 1.4 3.2 2.0
Worked at part-time jobs 12.7 14.0 22.4 18.6
Did not work 24.5 27.1 32.6 31.5
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 17.3 19.7 26.4 24.0
Householder 15 to 64 years 27.2 30.0 41.1 37.1
Householder 65 years and over 3.9 5.8 6.4 6.3
One worker 2.0 2.2 4.9 3.2
Two workers or more 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.4
07/24/98 12
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 29.4 32.9 49.2 45.5
AFDC or other non-SSI 40.3 44.3 67.8 62.3
SSI 15.8 19.7 28.2 26.9
Food stamps 35.4 39.2 63.0 55.2
Housing assistance 28.4 30.8 58.7 52.4
Energy assistance 30.6 35.3 57.3 51.0
Free or reduced-price school lunches 23.7 26.0 42.7 35.7
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 39.6 44.1 67.7 62.6
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1.6 1.8 3.3 2.5
Medicare 4.0 5.7 6.8 6.6
Medicaid 23.0 25.9 39.5 34.6
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 13.5 14.6 19.3 15.5
Health insurance 17.9 19.2 25.7 20.6
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 11.8 15.7 20.7 19.7
07/24/98 13
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
All families 6521 12230 12204 11854 12408 12467 11427 11474 6470
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 880 975 970 920 1007 1013 853 859 798
25 to 44 years 3740 4484 4473 4303 4565 4577 3877 3899 3476
45 to 54 years 744 1184 1175 1118 1218 1228 1117 1119 836
55 to 64 years 584 1230 1232 1200 1248 1255 1215 1220 660
65 years and over 573 4357 4355 4314 4370 4394 4365 4378 699
Type of Family
Married-couple families 2387 6640 6621 6436 6735 6757 6339 6365 2426
With related children under 18 1582 2109 2098 1985 2184 2193 1804 1819 1462
With related children under 6 951 1147 1140 1083 1207 1207 966 974 859
Male householder, no wife present 456 695 693 678 751 758 649 656 432
Female householder, no husband present 3678 4895 4890 4740 4922 4952 4438 4453 3613
With related children under 18 3346 3982 3979 3839 3996 4009 3513 3524 3196
With related children under 6 1884 2072 2071 2002 2065 2071 1865 1873 1785
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 4901 9016 9004 8743 9149 9196 8420 8463 4878
Inside central cities 2705 4323 4322 4184 4431 4455 3978 4001 2723
Outside central cities 2196 4693 4682 4558 4718 4741 4443 4461 2155
Outside metropolitan areas 1620 3214 3200 3112 3259 3271 3006 3012 1593
Region
Northeast 1177 2308 2308 2228 2299 2313 2177 2189 1228
Midwest 1193 2553 2547 2463 2540 2548 2359 2374 1175
South 2641 4881 4863 4757 4991 5011 4571 4586 2584
West 1510 2488 2486 2407 2577 2595 2319 2326 1482
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 2783 5108 5092 5012 5236 5267 4924 4936 2907
07/24/98 14
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
High school graduate, no college 2260 4259 4265 4121 4308 4326 3910 3927 2157
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1163 2108 2102 2025 2139 2149 1924 1933 1105
Bachelor's degree or more 315 756 745 697 724 724 668 678 301
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 5948 7873 7849 7540 8038 8073 7062 7097 5771
Worked at full-time jobs 2148 2601 2587 2358 2695 2704 1989 2014 1747
50 to 52 weeks 1028 1186 1178 1041 1262 1264 823 837 745
Worked at part-time jobs 1226 1495 1488 1442 1541 1542 1332 1337 1129
Did not work 2574 3777 3774 3740 3802 3827 3741 3746 2896
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 5223 10552 10540 10371 10607 10622 10152 10178 5448
Householder 15 to 64 years 4671 6304 6292 6155 6360 6364 5915 5928 4771
Householder 65 years and over 552 4248 4248 4216 4247 4258 4237 4250 677
One worker 1203 1569 1557 1386 1686 1723 1179 1200 933
Two workers or more 95 109 107 97 115 121 96 96 90
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 2352 3433 3428 3392 3451 3464 3318 3326 2922
AFDC or other non-SSI 1873 2316 2311 2296 2329 2336 2234 2238 2108
SSI 707 1538 1539 1517 1549 1557 1505 1509 1199
Food stamps 3178 3944 3926 3877 3987 3996 3656 3669 3328
Housing assistance 1496 1857 1847 1815 1868 1869 1743 1744 1549
Energy assistance 842 1186 1178 1160 1196 1196 1112 1114 915
Free or reduced-price school lunches 2979 3670 3660 3538 3730 3738 3263 3277 2886
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 2023 2607 2600 2580 2613 2623 2515 2523 2367
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1479 3106 3105 2756 2923 2941 2578 2598 1127
Medicare 1004 5597 5594 5529 5631 5658 5587 5609 1257
Medicaid 3768 5327 5312 5217 5408 5425 4978 4996 4105
07/24/98 15
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 1393 1676 1671 1671 1851 1864 1524 1533 1269
Health insurance 1150 1330 1326 1326 1480 1493 1213 1220 1035
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 516 1433 1431 1416 1431 1435 1413 1420 759
07/24/98 16
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
All families 6311 6306 5662 5350 4622 4207 4783 7018 5965
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 789 789 740 691 585 581 614 946 765
25 to 44 years 3442 3437 3159 2954 2486 2381 2568 4081 3337
45 to 54 years 826 826 670 641 556 478 575 799 712
55 to 64 years 624 624 551 530 487 412 504 614 585
65 years and over 629 629 542 534 508 355 522 578 566
Type of Family
Married-couple families 2335 2330 2090 1963 1793 1535 1873 2677 2263
With related children under 18 1431 1426 1292 1179 1052 951 1111 1812 1398
With related children under 6 850 846 776 692 609 569 666 1105 840
Male householder, no wife present 413 413 390 383 355 331 359 507 409
Female householder, no husband present 3562 3562 3182 3004 2475 2340 2551 3834 3293
With related children under 18 3168 3168 2866 2692 2193 2109 2267 3490 2965
With related children under 6 1768 1768 1660 1539 1273 1238 1340 1935 1703
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 4760 4756 4245 4021 3484 3206 3591 5273 4473
Inside central cities 2650 2646 2345 2199 1848 1729 1920 2937 2475
Outside central cities 2110 2110 1900 1822 1635 1477 1671 2337 1999
Outside metropolitan areas 1551 1550 1417 1329 1139 1001 1192 1744 1492
Region
Northeast 1205 1205 1036 970 797 752 829 1253 1087
Midwest 1141 1141 1006 940 812 732 857 1270 1075
South 2518 2518 2327 2220 1947 1765 1999 2841 2428
West 1448 1443 1292 1220 1067 958 1098 1654 1375
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 2815 2815 2531 2394 2075 1889 2161 2959 2630
07/24/98 17
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
High school graduate, no college 2118 2114 1906 1798 1546 1436 1586 2451 2020
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1090 1089 978 924 785 713 809 1270 1029
Bachelor's degree or more 288 288 248 235 216 170 226 338 286
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 15 to 64 years 5682 5678 5120 4816 4114 3852 4261 6440 5399
Worked at full-time jobs 1732 1732 1592 1459 1212 1132 1248 2492 1755
50 to 52 weeks 740 740 686 629 544 504 559 1267 797
Worked at part-time jobs 1113 1113 1050 976 788 738 815 1304 1087
Did not work 2837 2833 2477 2382 2114 1982 2198 2644 2557
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 5299 5295 4747 4505 3887 3537 4022 5386 4903
Householder 15 to 64 years 4693 4689 4225 3992 3399 3198 3520 4829 4357
Householder 65 years and over 606 606 522 514 488 340 502 557 546
One worker 922 921 834 771 664 610 687 1512 973
Two workers or more 90 90 80 74 71 60 74 120 89
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 2807 2803 2174 1959 1512 1437 1610 2409 2225
AFDC or other non-SSI 2079 2079 1734 1562 1175 1139 1251 1914 1758
SSI 1095 1091 658 582 454 402 502 719 685
Food stamps 3258 3258 2824 2553 1944 1856 2053 3303 2893
Housing assistance 1513 1513 1326 1180 746 746 809 1542 1377
Energy assistance 895 895 766 687 509 467 539 874 778
Free or reduced-price school lunches 2847 2847 2548 2377 1870 1769 1937 3186 2658
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 2307 2307 1873 1670 1259 1206 1344 2063 1905
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1109 1105 1038 1004 911 813 932 1684 1275
Medicare 1098 1094 903 889 809 599 851 1024 986
Medicaid 3986 3982 3364 3052 2437 2295 2580 3944 3458
07/24/98 18
Table 3. Percent of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare or
Medicaid 1269 1268 1256 1256 1182 1093 1182 1559 1257
Health insurance 1035 1034 1030 1030 958 894 958 1286 1031
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 640 636 456 443 376 300 400 528 501