07/17/98 1
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 221200 11.0 18.9 18.8 18.3
Age
Under 18 years 55863 16.1 18.6 18.5 17.8
Related children 54870 15.4 17.8 17.7 17.0
Under 6 years 18369 18.0 19.7 19.6 18.8
18 to 24 years 20259 15.5 18.4 18.2 17.6
25 to 44 years 68515 9.1 11.4 11.4 10.9
45 to 64 years 48011 7.2 12.7 12.6 12.3
65 years and over 28553 9.0 48.3 48.1 47.7
65 to 74 years 15760 7.6 40.4 40.3 39.8
75 years and over 12793 10.7 58.0 57.7 57.5
Family Relationship
In families 185147 9.3 15.6 15.6 15.0
Married-couple families 152561 5.8 11.7 11.6 11.2
With related children under 18 94213 7.5 9.3 9.2 8.6
Female hhlder, no husband present 23773 30.7 39.5 39.5 38.5
With related children under 18 16957 39.7 46.1 46.0 44.9
Unrelated individuals 34858 18.9 34.9 34.8 34.5
Living alone 22029 16.2 39.0 38.8 38.5
65 years and over 8857 18.4 67.2 67.0 66.8
07/17/98 2
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 175164 10.3 17.5 17.4 17.0
Inside central cities 56128 15.4 23.2 23.1 22.6
Outside central cities 119035 7.9 14.8 14.8 14.3
Outside metropolitan areas 46037 13.8 24.2 24.0 23.5
Region
Northeast 42997 10.2 18.5 18.5 17.9
Midwest 54737 8.3 16.3 16.2 15.7
South 72717 11.7 20.0 20.0 19.6
West 50749 13.8 20.4 20.3 19.6
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 165337 9.3 19.0 18.9 18.5
18 to 24 years old 20259 15.5 18.4 18.2 17.6
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 4495 26.6 30.5 30.3 29.5
25 years old and over 145078 8.5 19.1 19.0 18.6
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 23641 22.1 46.4 46.3 45.5
High school graduate, no college 49221 8.3 20.2 20.2 19.7
College: Less than bachelor's degree 36013 5.6 13.2 13.1 12.8
Bachelor's degree or more 36204 2.6 5.6 5.6 5.4
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 20 to 64 years 130693 9.1 12.6 12.5 12.1
Worked at full-time jobs 91293 4.0 5.0 4.9 4.6
50 to 52 weeks 75696 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.4
Worked at part-time jobs 17788 13.3 17.7 17.5 16.8
Did not work 21612 27.0 40.6 40.6 40.0
07/17/98 3
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 13869 50.9 69.6 69.6 68.5
AFDC or other non-SSI 7415 68.1 80.2 80.0 78.9
SSI 7726 35.5 62.1 62.2 61.3
Food stamps 14685 65.2 76.6 76.3 74.4
Housing assistance 6444 57.1 74.2 74.0 73.0
Energy assistance 4347 58.7 78.4 78.2 77.1
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 22017 40.6 48.0 47.8 45.9
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 8319 70.4 85.1 84.9 83.6
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 140510 2.8 5.6 5.6 4.9
Medicare 31104 10.7 50.5 50.3 49.9
Also Medicaid 3391 33.3 71.6 71.5 71.0
Medicaid 19460 48.9 64.5 64.4 63.4
Not covered 33072 24.4 29.2 29.0 28.8
07/17/98 4
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 19.1 19.3 18.0 18.1 11.0
Age
Under 18 years 19.0 19.1 16.5 16.6 14.9
Related children 18.2 18.3 15.8 15.9 14.2
Under 6 years 20.2 20.3 17.3 17.5 16.4
18 to 24 years 18.8 19.1 17.7 17.9 15.8
25 to 44 years 11.7 11.9 10.6 10.7 8.9
45 to 64 years 12.7 12.9 12.5 12.7 7.9
65 years and over 48.2 48.2 48.1 48.3 10.0
65 to 74 years 40.3 40.4 40.2 40.5 8.5
75 years and over 57.8 57.8 57.8 57.9 11.8
Family Relationship
In families 15.8 15.9 14.5 14.6 9.0
Married-couple families 11.9 11.9 10.9 11.1 5.6
With related children under 18 9.5 9.6 8.0 8.2 6.9
Female hhlder, no husband present 40.0 40.2 36.2 36.4 29.7
With related children under 18 46.5 46.7 41.4 41.6 37.8
Unrelated individuals 35.3 35.6 35.5 35.8 20.5
Living alone 39.0 39.2 39.2 39.3 17.5
65 years and over 67.0 67.0 67.0 67.2 19.6
07/17/98 5
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 17.7 17.8 16.7 16.8 10.3
Inside central cities 23.6 23.8 22.1 22.2 15.5
Outside central cities 14.9 15.0 14.2 14.3 7.8
Outside metropolitan areas 24.6 24.7 22.9 23.1 13.5
Region
Northeast 18.4 18.5 17.7 17.9 10.4
Midwest 16.5 16.6 15.5 15.6 8.1
South 20.4 20.5 19.2 19.3 11.6
West 20.7 20.9 19.3 19.4 13.7
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 19.2 19.3 18.5 18.6 9.6
18 to 24 years old 18.8 19.1 17.7 17.9 15.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 31.3 31.4 28.6 28.8 26.4
25 years old and over 19.2 19.3 18.6 18.8 8.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 46.8 47.0 45.5 45.7 23.4
High school graduate, no college 20.3 20.4 19.6 19.8 8.4
College: Less than bachelor's degree 13.4 13.4 12.8 12.9 5.8
Bachelor's degree or more 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.6 2.8
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 20 to 64 years 12.8 13.0 12.0 12.2 9.3
Worked at full-time jobs 5.2 5.3 4.5 4.7 3.8
50 to 52 weeks 2.9 3.0 2.4 2.5 2.1
Worked at part-time jobs 18.0 18.3 16.8 17.0 13.4
Did not work 40.8 40.9 39.8 40.0 28.9
07/17/98 6
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 70.4 70.5 67.8 67.9 60.4
AFDC or other non-SSI 80.9 81.1 77.9 78.0 74.2
SSI 63.0 63.0 61.0 61.0 50.6
Food stamps 76.9 77.2 71.8 72.3 66.7
Housing assistance 74.6 75.2 70.0 70.1 58.0
Energy assistance 79.0 79.6 74.1 74.8 60.7
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 48.7 49.0 42.9 43.2 38.7
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 85.7 85.8 82.6 82.8 78.6
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 5.3 5.3 4.7 4.8 2.2
Medicare 50.4 50.4 50.2 50.5 12.1
Also Medicaid 71.7 71.7 71.1 71.1 44.0
Medicaid 65.5 65.6 61.3 61.5 52.8
Not covered 31.1 31.6 28.5 28.8 24.0
07/17/98 7
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 10.6 10.6 9.9 9.3 8.4
Age
Under 18 years 14.8 14.8 13.9 12.8 11.2
Related children 14.0 14.0 13.2 12.2 10.6
Under 6 years 16.3 16.3 15.4 14.1 12.5
18 to 24 years 15.7 15.7 14.8 14.0 13.3
25 to 44 years 8.7 8.7 8.2 7.6 6.9
45 to 64 years 7.6 7.6 6.9 6.6 6.1
65 years and over 8.7 8.7 7.9 7.8 7.2
65 to 74 years 7.4 7.4 6.6 6.5 5.9
75 years and over 10.4 10.4 9.5 9.4 8.8
Family Relationship
In families 8.7 8.7 8.1 7.5 6.6
Married-couple families 5.4 5.4 5.0 4.5 4.1
With related children under 18 6.8 6.8 6.3 5.6 5.0
Female hhlder, no husband present 29.3 29.3 27.0 25.4 21.9
With related children under 18 37.6 37.6 34.7 32.6 27.9
Unrelated individuals 19.5 19.5 18.6 18.1 17.2
Living alone 16.5 16.5 15.5 15.2 13.9
65 years and over 17.7 17.7 16.5 16.2 14.5
07/17/98 8
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 10.0 10.0 9.2 8.7 7.9
Inside central cities 15.1 15.1 13.9 13.0 11.6
Outside central cities 7.6 7.6 7.1 6.7 6.2
Outside metropolitan areas 13.1 13.1 12.4 11.6 10.3
Region
Northeast 10.0 10.0 9.0 8.4 7.3
Midwest 7.9 7.9 7.4 7.0 6.4
South 11.1 11.1 10.6 10.0 9.2
West 13.4 13.4 12.4 11.7 10.5
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 9.2 9.2 8.6 8.2 7.5
18 to 24 years old 15.7 15.7 14.8 14.0 13.3
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 26.1 26.1 25.0 23.0 21.4
25 years old and over 8.3 8.3 7.7 7.3 6.7
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 21.8 21.8 19.9 18.7 16.8
High school graduate, no college 8.0 8.0 7.5 7.2 6.7
College: Less than bachelor's degree 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.0 4.5
Bachelor's degree or more 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.3
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 20 to 64 years 9.0 9.0 8.4 7.9 7.3
Worked at full-time jobs 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.1
50 to 52 weeks 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.6
Worked at part-time jobs 13.1 13.1 12.4 11.8 10.9
Did not work 27.9 27.9 25.5 24.1 22.1
07/17/98 9
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 58.0 58.0 47.0 41.3 34.2
AFDC or other non-SSI 73.2 73.2 64.1 55.9 46.4
SSI 46.5 46.5 32.1 27.9 22.9
Food stamps 65.0 65.0 58.7 52.1 41.9
Housing assistance 54.1 54.1 47.9 42.4 28.6
Energy assistance 58.5 58.5 52.7 47.6 36.9
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 38.1 38.1 35.2 32.0 26.6
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 76.8 76.8 65.7 57.2 46.2
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.8
Medicare 10.3 10.3 9.1 8.9 8.1
Also Medicaid 36.6 36.6 26.8 25.2 20.5
Medicaid 51.1 51.1 43.8 38.5 32.0
Not covered 23.7 23.7 23.5 22.9 21.5
07/17/98 10
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 7.6 9.0 12.0 10.6
Age
Under 18 years 10.6 12.2 17.5 14.7
Related children 10.0 11.5 16.7 14.0
Under 6 years 12.0 13.9 19.8 16.4
18 to 24 years 13.0 14.0 17.2 15.5
25 to 44 years 6.6 7.4 10.1 8.8
45 to 64 years 5.2 6.5 7.7 7.4
65 years and over 4.6 7.6 9.0 9.0
65 to 74 years 4.0 6.4 7.6 7.6
75 years and over 5.4 9.1 10.8 10.7
Family Relationship
In families 6.1 7.2 10.2 8.6
Married-couple families 3.6 4.5 6.5 5.4
With related children under 18 4.6 5.5 8.6 6.9
Female hhlder, no husband present 20.9 23.4 32.4 28.0
With related children under 18 26.9 29.7 41.9 36.0
Unrelated individuals 15.0 17.9 20.0 20.0
Living alone 10.7 14.1 16.8 16.8
65 years and over 8.7 14.6 18.4 18.4
07/17/98 11
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 7.3 8.5 11.1 9.9
Inside central cities 11.0 12.5 16.5 14.8
Outside central cities 5.5 6.6 8.6 7.6
Outside metropolitan areas 9.0 11.1 15.0 13.1
Region
Northeast 6.7 8.0 10.7 9.8
Midwest 5.9 6.8 9.3 8.0
South 8.2 9.8 12.5 11.1
West 9.6 11.3 15.1 13.3
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 6.6 8.0 10.1 9.2
18 to 24 years old 13.0 14.0 17.2 15.5
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 21.2 23.4 28.9 26.0
25 years old and over 5.7 7.2 9.1 8.3
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 14.4 18.2 23.3 21.7
High school graduate, no college 5.7 7.1 9.0 8.1
College: Less than bachelor's degree 3.9 4.8 6.2 5.6
Bachelor's degree or more 2.0 2.4 2.8 2.7
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 20 to 64 years 6.8 7.8 10.0 9.0
Worked at full-time jobs 2.9 3.2 4.8 3.9
50 to 52 weeks 1.5 1.7 2.9 2.2
Worked at part-time jobs 10.0 11.4 14.7 13.3
Did not work 20.5 24.0 28.0 26.6
07/17/98 12
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 32.1 39.1 52.4 48.9
AFDC or other non-SSI 44.8 52.8 70.3 65.1
SSI 19.9 27.1 36.4 34.7
Food stamps 39.7 47.1 68.1 61.4
Housing assistance 28.6 31.7 59.3 53.3
Energy assistance 32.9 42.0 61.3 54.7
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 25.4 29.3 43.7 37.4
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 43.8 52.7 72.3 67.6
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 1.6 1.9 3.3 2.6
Medicare 5.5 8.9 10.8 10.7
Also Medicaid 15.4 22.7 33.7 33.1
Medicaid 30.2 36.7 51.3 46.1
Not covered 20.2 22.1 27.0 23.9
07/17/98 13
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 24396 41794 41620 40500 42315 42582 39800 40132 24266
Age
Under 18 years 8990 10393 10349 9941 10590 10654 9220 9299 8319
Related children 8441 9779 9737 9339 9960 10024 8651 8730 7774
Under 6 years 3299 3624 3606 3453 3703 3724 3184 3222 3011
18 to 24 years 3131 3718 3696 3562 3818 3868 3581 3616 3197
25 to 44 years 6255 7819 7793 7475 8037 8120 7262 7350 6125
45 to 64 years 3451 6074 6050 5890 6116 6172 6007 6076 3773
65 years and over 2569 13790 13731 13632 13753 13767 13729 13791 2851
65 to 74 years 1198 6370 6346 6277 6358 6369 6339 6380 1341
75 years and over 1370 7420 7385 7355 7395 7398 7390 7411 1511
Family Relationship
In families 17258 28963 28837 27841 29319 29493 26827 27065 16585
Married-couple families 8834 17867 17771 17060 18095 18202 16692 16882 8470
With related children under 18 7108 8716 8655 8142 8973 9062 7582 7694 6473
Female hhlder, no husband present 7296 9400 9380 9141 9498 9555 8609 8654 7070
With related children under 18 6740 7819 7806 7608 7887 7926 7022 7058 6417
Unrelated individuals 6593 12178 12133 12020 12312 12406 12387 12481 7136
Living alone 3566 8581 8545 8488 8589 8636 8631 8668 3856
65 years and over 1627 5952 5931 5916 5930 5935 5935 5949 1740
07/17/98 14
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 18050 30671 30552 29701 31010 31209 29264 29499 18032
Inside central cities 8630 13031 12984 12673 13249 13342 12415 12479 8704
Outside central cities 9420 17639 17568 17028 17761 17866 16850 17021 9328
Outside metropolitan areas 6346 11123 11067 10799 11305 11373 10535 10632 6234
Region
Northeast 4373 7974 7941 7698 7924 7958 7604 7698 4452
Midwest 4546 8913 8876 8606 9042 9076 8460 8554 4431
South 8473 14572 14509 14231 14844 14942 13946 14056 8409
West 7004 10336 10293 9965 10505 10606 9789 9824 6973
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 15407 31401 31270 30559 31725 31928 30580 30833 15947
18 to 24 years old 3131 3718 3696 3562 3818 3868 3581 3616 3197
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1197 1369 1364 1327 1406 1414 1286 1294 1185
25 years old and over 12275 27683 27574 26997 27906 28060 26998 27217 12750
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 5218 10967 10939 10765 11073 11116 10746 10797 5528
High school graduate, no college 4107 9949 9919 9677 9992 10050 9647 9746 4148
College: Less than bachelor's degree 2018 4737 4705 4594 4809 4842 4605 4644 2075
Bachelor's degree or more 932 2030 2010 1960 2032 2052 2001 2030 998
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 20 to 64 years 11863 16441 16374 15797 16777 16961 15739 15927 12124
Worked at full-time jobs 3663 4520 4495 4164 4761 4872 4153 4264 3490
50 to 52 weeks 1681 2005 1989 1792 2166 2252 1797 1855 1555
Worked at part-time jobs 2365 3144 3109 2994 3209 3255 2988 3028 2391
Did not work 5835 8777 8769 8639 8807 8834 8598 8634 6242
07/17/98 15
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 7061 9657 9651 9504 9764 9777 9403 9415 8381
AFDC or other non-SSI 5052 5943 5933 5854 5997 6010 5773 5782 5502
SSI 2745 4800 4804 4736 4869 4869 4709 4712 3907
Food stamps 9573 11250 11206 10933 11290 11330 10550 10617 9797
Housing assistance 3677 4782 4767 4704 4807 4844 4508 4515 3735
Energy assistance 2550 3406 3397 3350 3433 3460 3220 3251 2638
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 8948 10571 10530 10107 10728 10790 9446 9514 8521
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 5854 7079 7065 6957 7126 7139 6874 6886 6540
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 3957 7889 7858 6930 7401 7448 6578 6713 3034
Medicare 3329 15699 15637 15526 15668 15685 15621 15692 3771
Also Medicaid 1127 2428 2423 2409 2432 2432 2411 2411 1492
Medicaid 9521 12555 12536 12332 12737 12764 11926 11976 10276
Not covered 8056 9673 9599 9518 10296 10457 9439 9540 7923
07/17/98 16
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 23503 23503 21901 20624 18680 16902 20006 26450 23427
Age
Under 18 years 8245 8245 7738 7145 6257 5924 6795 9758 8185
Related children 7705 7705 7230 6673 5830 5497 6305 9189 7667
Under 6 years 2993 2993 2835 2590 2299 2209 2546 3630 3005
18 to 24 years 3173 3173 2998 2845 2685 2639 2836 3480 3139
25 to 44 years 5962 5962 5587 5238 4740 4505 5096 6933 6004
45 to 64 years 3636 3636 3327 3174 2942 2508 3109 3698 3536
65 years and over 2487 2487 2251 2221 2056 1327 2169 2581 2563
65 to 74 years 1160 1160 1038 1019 935 630 1007 1205 1192
75 years and over 1327 1327 1213 1202 1121 696 1162 1376 1371
Family Relationship
In families 16179 16179 14925 13863 12311 11284 13288 18894 15961
Married-couple families 8209 8209 7559 6912 6260 5523 6865 9952 8285
With related children under 18 6360 6360 5922 5306 4718 4288 5223 8068 6456
Female hhlder, no husband present 6974 6974 6416 6041 5213 4964 5554 7698 6662
With related children under 18 6375 6375 5889 5524 4737 4556 5039 7110 6108
Unrelated individuals 6788 6788 6488 6319 5989 5238 6244 6978 6968
Living alone 3639 3639 3423 3351 3058 2364 3099 3699 3697
65 years and over 1567 1567 1457 1434 1288 774 1291 1629 1629
07/17/98 17
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 17464 17464 16197 15264 13923 12751 14877 19528 17388
Inside central cities 8469 8469 7789 7274 6538 6201 7032 9265 8295
Outside central cities 8994 8994 8409 7991 7385 6551 7845 10264 9093
Outside metropolitan areas 6039 6039 5703 5360 4757 4151 5129 6922 6040
Region
Northeast 4290 4290 3854 3616 3141 2887 3419 4606 4209
Midwest 4311 4311 4065 3817 3486 3222 3743 5088 4357
South 8105 8105 7681 7278 6703 5926 7094 9117 8091
West 6796 6796 6301 5913 5350 4867 5750 7639 6770
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 15258 15258 14163 13479 12423 10978 13211 16692 15243
18 to 24 years old 3173 3173 2998 2845 2685 2639 2836 3480 3139
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1175 1175 1122 1035 963 951 1053 1300 1167
25 years old and over 12085 12085 11165 10633 9738 8339 10375 13212 12103
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 5157 5157 4713 4425 3977 3403 4305 5503 5128
High school graduate, no college 3962 3962 3691 3539 3287 2829 3473 4447 3981
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1995 1995 1874 1795 1633 1391 1728 2233 2020
Bachelor's degree or more 972 972 888 875 841 716 869 1029 974
Work Experience in 1997
Total, 20 to 64 years 11803 11803 10983 10367 9531 8835 10170 13067 11722
Worked at full-time jobs 3445 3445 3262 3070 2816 2640 2960 4408 3592
50 to 52 weeks 1543 1543 1463 1363 1239 1135 1315 2178 1634
Worked at part-time jobs 2338 2338 2215 2099 1933 1775 2034 2616 2373
Did not work 6019 6019 5506 5198 4782 4420 5176 6042 5757
07/17/98 18
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 8050 8050 6523 5732 4749 4453 5427 7267 6778
AFDC or other non-SSI 5429 5429 4750 4144 3439 3321 3912 5216 4824
SSI 3595 3595 2481 2152 1769 1538 2091 2815 2684
Food stamps 9545 9545 8618 7654 6156 5834 6915 10005 9012
Housing assistance 3488 3488 3088 2730 1843 1843 2046 3824 3438
Energy assistance 2544 2544 2290 2070 1606 1432 1826 2666 2377
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 8387 8387 7758 7057 5851 5582 6447 9627 8225
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 6389 6389 5464 4759 3845 3646 4385 6012 5623
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 3001 3001 2858 2765 2588 2252 2676 4603 3654
Medicare 3192 3192 2819 2762 2514 1708 2758 3349 3315
Also Medicaid 1242 1242 909 856 696 523 770 1142 1123
Medicaid 9944 9944 8529 7501 6232 5881 7138 9986 8976
Not covered 7838 7838 7770 7568 7099 6689 7308 8939 7908