07/24/98 1
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 34458 24.2 32.8 32.8 31.9
Age
Under 18 years 11367 34.7 40.9 40.8 39.4
Related children 11193 34.3 40.5 40.3 39.0
Under 6 years 3666 37.6 41.8 41.7 40.7
18 to 24 years 3715 24.4 30.5 30.6 29.7
25 to 44 years 10799 18.5 23.5 23.5 22.7
45 to 64 years 5887 15.0 23.5 23.6 23.0
65 years and over 2691 22.2 59.4 59.8 59.3
65 to 74 years 1613 21.1 54.9 55.5 54.8
75 years and over 1078 23.9 66.1 66.1 66.1
Family Relationship
In families 28962 23.3 31.2 31.2 30.2
Married-couple families 14105 8.8 15.7 15.7 14.7
With related children under 18 10005 10.2 14.8 14.6 13.5
Female hhlder, no husband present 13218 39.4 48.6 48.7 47.5
With related children under 18 10824 45.3 53.3 53.4 51.9
Unrelated individuals 5316 28.2 41.0 40.9 40.5
Living alone 3579 25.7 42.4 42.2 42.0
65 years and over 929 31.2 77.6 77.2 77.2
07/24/98 2
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 29435 23.1 31.3 31.3 30.5
Inside central cities 18769 25.4 35.2 35.2 34.3
Outside central cities 10666 19.0 24.4 24.4 23.8
Outside metropolitan areas 5023 30.3 41.6 41.5 40.2
Region
Northeast 6273 26.3 36.0 35.6 34.5
Midwest 6199 25.2 35.3 35.5 34.4
South 19021 23.5 31.4 31.5 30.7
West 2965 21.6 29.4 29.4 28.7
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 23091 19.0 28.8 28.9 28.2
18 to 24 years old 3715 24.4 30.5 30.6 29.7
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1001 34.7 46.0 46.5 45.3
25 years old and over 19376 17.9 28.5 28.6 27.9
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 4641 32.9 55.3 55.2 54.6
High school graduate, no college 6972 18.4 26.8 26.9 26.0
College: Less than bachelor's degree 4906 10.3 17.0 17.2 16.6
Bachelor's degree or more 2857 5.4 8.6 8.6 8.1
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 19248 18.2 24.3 24.4 23.6
Worked at full-time jobs 12809 7.7 9.9 10.0 9.0
50 to 52 weeks 10257 3.6 4.6 4.6 4.0
Worked at part-time jobs 2132 26.9 35.6 35.7 35.1
Did not work 4308 45.2 61.6 61.6 61.2
07/24/98 3
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 6682 56.5 75.5 75.1 74.7
AFDC or other non-SSI 4284 65.7 81.3 80.6 80.3
SSI 3144 41.0 70.9 70.9 70.5
Food stamps 7364 64.6 78.1 77.7 77.4
Housing assistance 4261 62.3 75.2 74.6 74.0
Energy assistance 1980 66.3 84.2 84.2 81.8
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 9608 46.8 57.0 56.7 55.2
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 4642 68.2 85.5 84.9 84.6
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 17057 6.2 9.0 9.1 7.6
Medicare 3573 27.8 63.9 64.2 63.9
Also Medicaid 1139 48.1 81.0 81.0 81.0
Medicaid 7703 60.1 76.4 76.1 75.3
Not covered 7362 30.6 37.2 37.4 36.8
07/24/98 4
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 33.3 33.6 31.0 31.2 24.9
Age
Under 18 years 41.0 41.2 37.1 37.3 33.9
Related children 40.5 40.8 36.7 36.9 33.6
Under 6 years 42.2 42.4 38.5 38.9 36.8
18 to 24 years 32.7 33.3 29.9 30.0 26.0
25 to 44 years 23.6 23.9 21.8 22.0 18.9
45 to 64 years 24.4 24.7 23.6 23.6 17.3
65 years and over 60.2 60.5 60.2 60.4 25.8
65 to 74 years 55.6 56.0 55.5 56.0 25.4
75 years and over 67.0 67.3 67.1 67.1 26.4
Family Relationship
In families 31.7 32.0 29.0 29.1 23.6
Married-couple families 15.4 15.6 14.4 14.5 9.0
With related children under 18 14.1 14.3 12.7 12.9 10.0
Female hhlder, no husband present 49.7 50.1 45.3 45.5 39.7
With related children under 18 54.2 54.6 49.0 49.2 44.7
Unrelated individuals 41.5 41.8 41.6 41.9 31.3
Living alone 42.6 42.9 42.8 43.0 29.1
65 years and over 77.4 77.4 77.4 78.0 37.4
07/24/98 5
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 31.8 32.1 29.8 29.9 23.9
Inside central cities 35.9 36.2 33.4 33.5 26.4
Outside central cities 24.5 24.9 23.4 23.6 19.4
Outside metropolitan areas 42.2 42.2 38.4 38.6 30.8
Region
Northeast 35.7 36.1 34.3 34.4 27.7
Midwest 35.4 35.7 33.9 34.3 26.7
South 32.2 32.4 29.5 29.6 23.7
West 31.2 31.4 27.8 27.8 22.7
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 29.5 29.9 28.0 28.2 20.5
18 to 24 years old 32.7 33.3 29.9 30.0 26.0
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 50.0 50.9 44.7 44.7 39.5
25 years old and over 28.9 29.2 27.7 27.8 19.4
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 56.3 56.7 54.8 55.0 37.8
High school graduate, no college 27.1 27.4 25.5 25.7 18.9
College: Less than bachelor's degree 17.5 17.8 16.4 16.5 10.8
Bachelor's degree or more 8.6 8.7 8.3 8.3 5.5
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 25.0 25.4 23.4 23.6 19.4
Worked at full-time jobs 10.4 10.7 8.8 8.9 7.3
50 to 52 weeks 4.8 5.0 3.6 3.7 3.1
Worked at part-time jobs 37.0 37.2 34.4 34.7 28.3
Did not work 62.5 63.2 61.6 61.7 51.1
07/24/98 6
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 76.7 77.0 74.5 74.8 68.0
AFDC or other non-SSI 82.9 83.5 80.4 80.6 74.5
SSI 72.2 72.2 70.7 71.0 61.5
Food stamps 79.5 79.7 74.7 75.1 67.8
Housing assistance 75.7 75.7 73.3 73.3 65.8
Energy assistance 84.0 84.0 81.5 81.8 72.6
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 57.5 57.7 52.8 53.0 46.7
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 87.0 87.2 84.2 84.6 78.8
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 8.1 8.3 7.0 7.1 5.0
Medicare 64.9 65.1 64.5 64.8 32.6
Also Medicaid 81.3 81.7 81.1 81.2 59.8
Medicaid 77.1 77.3 73.7 73.9 66.4
Not covered 39.9 40.6 35.8 36.0 29.7
07/24/98 7
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 24.1 24.1 21.6 20.3 17.2
Age
Under 18 years 33.4 33.4 30.6 28.3 23.3
Related children 33.1 33.1 30.2 28.0 22.9
Under 6 years 36.2 36.2 33.4 30.3 25.1
18 to 24 years 25.7 25.7 22.9 21.8 19.0
25 to 44 years 18.5 18.5 16.7 15.6 13.3
45 to 64 years 16.4 16.4 13.9 13.2 11.7
65 years and over 22.4 22.4 19.0 18.6 16.8
65 to 74 years 21.5 21.5 18.3 17.9 16.5
75 years and over 23.8 23.8 20.1 19.5 17.2
Family Relationship
In families 23.1 23.1 20.6 19.2 16.2
Married-couple families 8.5 8.5 7.5 6.8 6.1
With related children under 18 9.4 9.4 8.4 7.4 6.5
Female hhlder, no husband present 39.2 39.2 34.9 32.6 26.7
With related children under 18 44.1 44.1 40.0 37.2 30.2
Unrelated individuals 29.4 29.4 26.6 25.5 22.3
Living alone 27.4 27.4 24.3 23.4 19.2
65 years and over 33.2 33.2 26.7 26.7 22.6
07/24/98 8
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 23.1 23.1 20.7 19.2 16.2
Inside central cities 25.4 25.4 22.5 20.9 17.4
Outside central cities 18.9 18.9 17.4 16.3 14.1
Outside metropolitan areas 30.2 30.2 27.4 26.2 23.1
Region
Northeast 26.9 26.9 23.8 21.8 18.1
Midwest 25.8 25.8 22.4 20.6 17.3
South 23.1 23.1 21.2 20.2 17.1
West 21.4 21.4 18.4 16.9 16.1
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 19.5 19.5 17.2 16.3 14.2
18 to 24 years old 25.7 25.7 22.9 21.8 19.0
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 38.9 38.9 33.2 30.8 26.0
25 years old and over 18.4 18.4 16.1 15.3 13.3
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 35.2 35.2 29.8 28.4 24.1
High school graduate, no college 18.2 18.2 16.5 15.5 13.5
College: Less than bachelor's degree 10.4 10.4 9.1 8.8 8.0
Bachelor's degree or more 5.3 5.3 5.1 4.7 4.4
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 18.8 18.8 16.7 15.8 13.6
Worked at full-time jobs 7.2 7.2 6.4 5.9 4.7
50 to 52 weeks 3.1 3.1 2.7 2.4 2.1
Worked at part-time jobs 27.5 27.5 25.2 24.0 20.2
Did not work 49.1 49.1 43.1 41.1 36.7
07/24/98 9
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 65.5 65.5 52.8 48.3 37.9
AFDC or other non-SSI 73.1 73.1 62.5 57.8 44.6
SSI 56.7 56.7 36.7 32.4 24.1
Food stamps 65.9 65.9 58.5 53.7 41.9
Housing assistance 63.8 63.8 56.9 52.6 35.1
Energy assistance 71.2 71.2 61.0 55.3 45.7
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 46.0 46.0 41.5 38.8 31.5
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 76.3 76.3 64.7 59.5 46.2
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 5.0 5.0 4.6 4.3 3.7
Medicare 27.7 27.7 23.4 22.9 19.1
Also Medicaid 50.2 50.2 38.6 37.7 28.8
Medicaid 64.6 64.6 55.1 50.0 39.5
Not covered 28.8 28.8 27.8 27.1 25.2
07/24/98 10
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 15.9 18.3 25.5 22.8
Age
Under 18 years 22.3 24.9 36.1 31.6
Related children 21.9 24.5 35.7 31.2
Under 6 years 24.4 27.2 38.9 34.2
18 to 24 years 18.3 20.2 27.8 23.9
25 to 44 years 12.6 13.9 19.7 17.5
45 to 64 years 10.2 12.5 15.6 15.0
65 years and over 11.3 18.6 22.5 22.2
65 to 74 years 11.3 18.6 21.6 21.4
75 years and over 11.4 18.5 23.8 23.5
Family Relationship
In families 15.0 17.2 24.7 21.5
Married-couple families 5.7 7.1 9.2 8.0
With related children under 18 6.3 7.7 10.6 8.9
Female hhlder, no husband present 25.1 28.0 41.4 36.1
With related children under 18 28.7 31.6 47.5 41.1
Unrelated individuals 19.8 23.7 29.4 29.4
Living alone 15.8 19.2 26.4 26.4
65 years and over 13.0 22.6 31.3 31.3
07/24/98 11
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 15.1 17.3 24.4 21.9
Inside central cities 16.2 18.5 27.1 24.0
Outside central cities 13.3 15.1 19.8 18.1
Outside metropolitan areas 20.3 24.4 31.7 28.3
Region
Northeast 17.3 19.2 27.5 25.4
Midwest 15.9 19.2 26.2 23.7
South 15.5 18.1 25.0 22.2
West 15.2 16.2 23.3 19.2
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 12.7 15.1 20.3 18.5
18 to 24 years old 18.3 20.2 27.8 23.9
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 24.4 28.3 40.5 34.6
25 years old and over 11.7 14.1 18.8 17.4
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 20.7 26.1 34.0 32.4
High school graduate, no college 12.3 14.0 19.5 17.8
College: Less than bachelor's degree 6.7 8.4 11.2 9.8
Bachelor's degree or more 3.9 4.8 5.7 5.3
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 12.7 14.4 19.5 17.6
Worked at full-time jobs 4.3 5.0 8.9 7.1
50 to 52 weeks 1.9 2.3 4.5 3.2
Worked at part-time jobs 20.0 21.0 29.2 26.2
Did not work 34.0 39.1 46.4 44.8
07/24/98 12
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 35.8 41.4 58.2 54.5
AFDC or other non-SSI 43.6 47.4 67.3 62.7
SSI 21.0 29.8 42.3 40.1
Food stamps 39.9 44.7 66.6 60.1
Housing assistance 35.1 37.4 64.1 59.2
Energy assistance 41.7 47.3 67.7 62.5
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 29.9 33.6 49.1 43.2
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 44.2 49.1 70.1 66.0
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 3.4 3.9 7.0 5.6
Medicare 14.0 21.4 28.2 27.5
Also Medicaid 21.4 32.7 48.4 46.6
Medicaid 37.2 42.7 61.2 56.8
Not covered 23.6 26.5 33.6 28.6
07/24/98 13
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 8324 11298 11304 10984 11476 11580 10688 10746 8578
Age
Under 18 years 3942 4647 4634 4483 4656 4683 4216 4238 3854
Related children 3838 4529 4516 4364 4535 4562 4108 4130 3756
Under 6 years 1379 1533 1529 1493 1548 1554 1410 1426 1348
18 to 24 years 907 1132 1137 1105 1214 1236 1110 1113 967
25 to 44 years 1994 2536 2533 2447 2551 2580 2352 2377 2044
45 to 64 years 883 1384 1390 1353 1436 1454 1390 1392 1017
65 years and over 598 1599 1608 1597 1619 1628 1619 1627 695
65 to 74 years 341 886 895 884 896 902 896 903 410
75 years and over 257 713 713 713 723 725 724 724 285
Family Relationship
In families 6753 9023 9033 8734 9173 9263 8396 8437 6844
Married-couple families 1238 2216 2208 2079 2177 2194 2037 2051 1269
With related children under 18 1016 1478 1457 1350 1412 1429 1272 1286 999
Female hhlder, no husband present 5202 6421 6439 6278 6569 6616 5987 6010 5250
With related children under 18 4904 5765 5783 5622 5870 5914 5305 5328 4836
Unrelated individuals 1497 2180 2176 2156 2209 2223 2212 2229 1664
Living alone 921 1516 1512 1503 1525 1536 1531 1540 1041
65 years and over 290 721 717 717 719 719 719 725 347
07/24/98 14
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 6800 9209 9217 8965 9356 9461 8759 8809 7032
Inside central cities 4775 6601 6611 6429 6740 6803 6260 6295 4964
Outside central cities 2025 2608 2605 2536 2616 2657 2499 2514 2069
Outside metropolitan areas 1524 2089 2087 2019 2120 2120 1929 1937 1546
Region
Northeast 1652 2258 2235 2163 2238 2267 2149 2157 1740
Midwest 1560 2189 2202 2131 2193 2215 2104 2126 1655
South 4471 5980 5996 5840 6120 6169 5613 5640 4509
West 641 871 871 850 925 930 823 823 673
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 4382 6651 6669 6501 6820 6898 6472 6509 4723
18 to 24 years old 907 1132 1137 1105 1214 1236 1110 1113 967
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 347 461 466 454 501 509 447 447 395
25 years old and over 3474 5519 5532 5396 5606 5662 5361 5395 3757
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1528 2566 2564 2536 2613 2632 2544 2555 1755
High school graduate, no college 1285 1870 1878 1814 1890 1909 1777 1795 1316
College: Less than bachelor's degree 507 836 844 814 858 873 805 809 530
Bachelor's degree or more 154 246 246 233 245 247 236 237 156
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 3503 4682 4691 4541 4818 4883 4509 4538 3738
Worked at full-time jobs 982 1273 1276 1155 1334 1368 1123 1140 932
50 to 52 weeks 373 477 472 408 494 508 369 375 319
Worked at part-time jobs 574 758 761 749 789 793 733 740 604
Did not work 1946 2652 2655 2637 2695 2722 2653 2659 2202
07/24/98 15
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 3772 5045 5019 4989 5123 5147 4979 4996 4543
AFDC or other non-SSI 2813 3481 3455 3440 3552 3576 3446 3452 3190
SSI 1290 2231 2231 2216 2270 2270 2222 2232 1932
Food stamps 4757 5748 5722 5696 5856 5866 5498 5532 4996
Housing assistance 2654 3204 3180 3154 3224 3224 3123 3123 2805
Energy assistance 1313 1667 1667 1618 1662 1662 1614 1619 1437
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 4498 5475 5452 5303 5521 5547 5071 5094 4490
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 3165 3968 3942 3929 4039 4045 3908 3925 3658
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 1056 1533 1546 1293 1381 1408 1187 1208 852
Medicare 993 2283 2293 2282 2319 2328 2306 2315 1164
Also Medicaid 548 922 922 922 926 931 924 925 681
Medicaid 4631 5887 5861 5799 5936 5953 5675 5692 5113
Not covered 2250 2735 2751 2710 2937 2990 2632 2647 2189
07/24/98 16
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Black
Total 8311 8311 7454 6983 5929 5476 6316 8786 7853
Age
Under 18 years 3797 3797 3473 3213 2650 2536 2827 4107 3592
Related children 3705 3705 3382 3131 2568 2455 2741 3998 3495
Under 6 years 1327 1327 1225 1110 919 894 998 1425 1253
18 to 24 years 953 953 852 809 706 679 751 1031 887
25 to 44 years 1994 1994 1802 1685 1434 1358 1502 2123 1894
45 to 64 years 964 964 816 776 687 599 735 919 881
65 years and over 603 603 511 500 452 304 500 605 599
65 to 74 years 346 346 295 289 267 182 301 349 345
75 years and over 257 257 216 210 185 122 200 256 254
Family Relationship
In families 6683 6683 5975 5565 4682 4359 4994 7139 6221
Married-couple families 1198 1198 1061 960 856 799 996 1304 1135
With related children under 18 940 940 841 740 647 629 771 1065 895
Female hhlder, no husband present 5178 5178 4617 4308 3534 3322 3706 5473 4774
With related children under 18 4778 4778 4326 4022 3270 3110 3418 5142 4452
Unrelated individuals 1565 1565 1417 1355 1185 1055 1259 1562 1562
Living alone 981 981 870 837 689 565 689 946 946
65 years and over 309 309 249 249 210 121 210 291 291
07/24/98 17
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 6795 6795 6079 5664 4771 4456 5092 7191 6432
Inside central cities 4775 4775 4223 3927 3268 3038 3482 5079 4502
Outside central cities 2020 2020 1856 1738 1503 1418 1610 2112 1930
Outside metropolitan areas 1515 1515 1375 1319 1159 1020 1224 1595 1421
Region
Northeast 1689 1689 1493 1367 1136 1088 1204 1722 1594
Midwest 1599 1599 1390 1280 1070 985 1188 1625 1470
South 4388 4388 4025 3834 3248 2951 3444 4748 4221
West 635 635 546 502 476 452 479 689 568
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 4514 4514 3981 3770 3280 2940 3488 4679 4261
18 to 24 years old 953 953 852 809 706 679 751 1031 887
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 389 389 332 308 260 244 283 405 346
25 years old and over 3561 3561 3129 2961 2574 2261 2738 3648 3375
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1634 1634 1382 1318 1118 961 1210 1579 1504
High school graduate, no college 1267 1267 1154 1078 938 859 979 1357 1240
College: Less than bachelor's degree 509 509 447 432 393 330 412 548 481
Bachelor's degree or more 152 152 146 133 124 111 137 163 150
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 3623 3623 3212 3032 2621 2445 2765 3760 3395
Worked at full-time jobs 920 920 819 751 608 554 635 1142 905
50 to 52 weeks 319 319 273 246 220 198 234 464 330
Worked at part-time jobs 586 586 538 512 431 427 447 622 559
Did not work 2117 2117 1855 1769 1582 1464 1684 1997 1931
07/24/98 18
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (Black)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 4375 4375 3528 3225 2530 2393 2766 3891 3640
AFDC or other non-SSI 3132 3132 2680 2476 1912 1866 2031 2881 2687
SSI 1784 1784 1154 1020 758 662 937 1330 1260
Food stamps 4854 4854 4310 3951 3085 2935 3292 4907 4427
Housing assistance 2718 2718 2425 2242 1494 1494 1592 2732 2523
Energy assistance 1409 1409 1208 1094 904 825 936 1340 1237
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 4416 4416 3987 3727 3023 2875 3228 4722 4149
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 3542 3542 3001 2763 2143 2054 2278 3253 3062
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 847 847 788 726 626 572 664 1194 962
Medicare 991 991 836 819 684 500 763 1006 983
Also Medicaid 572 572 440 429 328 243 373 551 531
Medicaid 4976 4976 4247 3850 3042 2867 3289 4717 4378
Not covered 2123 2123 2045 1998 1854 1734 1952 2473 2103