07/24/98 1
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 221200 9.7 17.7 17.6 17.2
Age
Under 18 years 55863 14.3 17.2 17.1 16.4
Related children 54870 13.6 16.4 16.4 15.6
Under 6 years 18369 16.0 18.1 18.1 17.3
18 to 24 years 20259 13.6 16.6 16.5 15.8
25 to 44 years 68515 8.1 10.4 10.4 10.0
45 to 64 years 48011 6.4 12.0 11.9 11.7
65 years and over 28553 7.1 46.6 46.4 46.1
65 to 74 years 15760 6.2 38.7 38.6 38.2
75 years and over 12793 8.2 56.4 56.1 56.0
Family Relationship
In families 185147 8.2 14.5 14.5 14.0
Married-couple families 152561 4.9 10.7 10.7 10.3
With related children under 18 94213 6.3 8.1 8.1 7.7
Female hhlder, no husband present 23773 28.1 37.9 37.8 36.5
With related children under 18 16957 36.7 44.2 44.1 42.4
Unrelated individuals 34858 16.6 33.4 33.3 33.0
Living alone 22029 13.7 37.6 37.4 37.3
65 years and over 8857 14.1 65.5 65.1 65.0
07/24/98 2
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 175164 9.1 16.4 16.4 15.9
Inside central cities 56128 13.5 21.6 21.5 21.0
Outside central cities 119035 7.0 14.0 13.9 13.6
Outside metropolitan areas 46037 12.0 22.5 22.5 21.9
Region
Northeast 42997 8.9 17.6 17.5 17.0
Midwest 54737 7.3 15.3 15.2 14.8
South 72717 10.2 18.8 18.7 18.4
West 50749 12.2 18.8 18.8 18.1
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 165337 8.1 17.9 17.8 17.4
18 to 24 years old 20259 13.6 16.6 16.5 15.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 4495 23.9 28.0 27.9 27.1
25 years old and over 145078 7.3 18.1 18.0 17.7
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 23641 19.0 44.2 44.1 43.5
High school graduate, no college 49221 7.1 19.0 19.0 18.6
College: Less than bachelor's degree 36013 5.0 12.4 12.4 12.1
Bachelor's degree or more 36204 2.3 5.2 5.2 5.1
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 130693 8.0 11.6 11.6 11.2
Worked at full-time jobs 91293 3.3 4.2 4.2 3.9
50 to 52 weeks 75696 1.7 2.1 2.1 1.9
Worked at part-time jobs 17788 11.7 15.9 15.7 15.2
Did not work 21612 24.7 39.2 39.2 38.7
07/24/98 3
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 13869 46.8 67.7 67.7 66.8
AFDC or other non-SSI 7415 63.3 78.2 78.1 77.4
SSI 7726 31.6 60.4 60.5 59.5
Food stamps 14685 59.1 73.2 72.9 71.5
Housing assistance 6444 51.4 71.7 71.3 69.9
Energy assistance 4347 52.0 75.0 74.4 73.8
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 22017 35.9 44.1 44.0 42.2
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 8319 65.2 83.0 83.0 82.0
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 140510 2.4 5.0 5.0 4.4
Medicare 31104 8.6 48.8 48.6 48.3
Also Medicaid 3391 28.0 70.6 70.4 70.1
Medicaid 19460 44.5 62.1 62.0 61.0
Not covered 33072 21.7 26.5 26.4 26.1
07/24/98 4
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 18.0 18.1 16.8 16.9 9.7
Age
Under 18 years 17.6 17.6 15.0 15.1 13.3
Related children 16.8 16.9 14.2 14.3 12.6
Under 6 years 18.7 18.7 15.6 15.7 14.6
18 to 24 years 17.3 17.6 16.0 16.2 14.1
25 to 44 years 10.8 10.9 9.6 9.7 7.9
45 to 64 years 12.2 12.3 11.9 12.0 7.2
65 years and over 46.5 46.6 46.5 46.6 8.2
65 to 74 years 38.7 38.8 38.6 38.7 7.2
75 years and over 56.2 56.2 56.1 56.2 9.4
Family Relationship
In families 14.8 14.9 13.4 13.4 7.9
Married-couple families 11.0 11.0 9.9 10.0 4.7
With related children under 18 8.5 8.6 6.9 7.0 5.7
Female hhlder, no husband present 37.9 38.3 34.3 34.4 27.7
With related children under 18 44.2 44.5 39.1 39.1 35.4
Unrelated individuals 34.0 34.2 34.1 34.3 18.4
Living alone 37.8 38.0 37.9 38.1 15.2
65 years and over 65.3 65.4 65.4 65.5 15.9
07/24/98 5
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 16.7 16.8 15.6 15.7 9.2
Inside central cities 22.2 22.4 20.3 20.4 13.8
Outside central cities 14.1 14.2 13.4 13.4 7.0
Outside metropolitan areas 23.0 23.1 21.5 21.5 12.0
Region
Northeast 17.6 17.7 16.9 17.1 9.4
Midwest 15.3 15.4 14.4 14.5 7.3
South 19.3 19.4 17.9 18.0 10.2
West 19.4 19.6 17.7 17.7 12.1
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 18.2 18.3 17.4 17.5 8.5
18 to 24 years old 17.3 17.6 16.0 16.2 14.1
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 29.3 29.7 26.2 26.3 24.0
25 years old and over 18.3 18.4 17.6 17.7 7.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 44.8 45.1 43.3 43.5 20.5
High school graduate, no college 19.3 19.4 18.5 18.6 7.4
College: Less than bachelor's degree 12.6 12.6 12.1 12.1 5.1
Bachelor's degree or more 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.2 2.5
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 11.9 12.1 11.1 11.2 8.3
Worked at full-time jobs 4.5 4.6 3.8 3.9 3.2
50 to 52 weeks 2.4 2.4 1.8 1.9 1.6
Worked at part-time jobs 16.6 16.7 15.2 15.3 11.9
Did not work 39.5 39.7 38.5 38.6 27.0
07/24/98 6
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 68.0 68.5 65.5 65.6 57.4
AFDC or other non-SSI 78.4 78.8 75.3 75.4 70.6
SSI 60.7 61.3 59.2 59.3 48.4
Food stamps 73.7 74.1 68.4 68.5 62.0
Housing assistance 72.2 72.5 67.6 67.7 53.2
Energy assistance 76.4 76.5 71.5 71.7 56.6
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 45.2 45.3 39.1 39.4 34.7
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 82.9 83.5 80.2 80.3 75.1
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 4.7 4.7 4.2 4.2 1.8
Medicare 48.8 48.8 48.6 48.8 10.2
Also Medicaid 70.5 70.7 70.4 70.4 40.5
Medicaid 62.8 63.0 58.6 58.6 49.0
Not covered 28.7 29.1 25.4 25.7 21.0
07/24/98 7
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 9.5 9.5 8.7 8.2 7.4
Age
Under 18 years 13.2 13.2 12.2 11.4 9.8
Related children 12.5 12.5 11.5 10.8 9.2
Under 6 years 14.5 14.5 13.6 12.7 11.1
18 to 24 years 14.1 14.0 13.2 12.7 12.0
25 to 44 years 7.7 7.7 7.2 6.7 6.0
45 to 64 years 6.9 6.9 6.2 6.0 5.5
65 years and over 7.3 7.3 6.4 6.3 5.8
65 to 74 years 6.3 6.3 5.5 5.4 5.0
75 years and over 8.4 8.4 7.4 7.4 6.8
Family Relationship
In families 7.7 7.7 7.0 6.6 5.8
Married-couple families 4.5 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.5
With related children under 18 5.7 5.6 5.2 4.7 4.2
Female hhlder, no husband present 27.3 27.3 24.4 23.3 19.6
With related children under 18 35.1 35.1 31.6 30.1 25.1
Unrelated individuals 17.5 17.5 16.5 16.1 15.1
Living alone 14.4 14.4 13.2 13.0 11.7
65 years and over 14.4 14.4 12.8 12.7 11.3
07/24/98 8
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 8.9 8.9 8.1 7.7 7.0
Inside central cities 13.5 13.4 12.1 11.5 10.1
Outside central cities 6.8 6.8 6.2 5.9 5.5
Outside metropolitan areas 11.6 11.6 10.9 10.1 9.0
Region
Northeast 9.1 9.1 7.9 7.5 6.4
Midwest 7.1 7.1 6.5 6.2 5.5
South 9.9 9.9 9.3 8.8 8.1
West 11.8 11.7 10.8 10.2 9.2
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 8.2 8.2 7.5 7.2 6.6
18 to 24 years old 14.1 14.0 13.2 12.7 12.0
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 23.8 23.8 22.6 21.4 19.8
25 years old and over 7.4 7.4 6.7 6.4 5.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 19.3 19.3 17.3 16.3 14.5
High school graduate, no college 7.1 7.1 6.5 6.3 5.7
College: Less than bachelor's degree 4.9 4.9 4.5 4.3 4.0
Bachelor's degree or more 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.1
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 8.1 8.1 7.4 7.1 6.4
Worked at full-time jobs 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.6
50 to 52 weeks 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3
Worked at part-time jobs 11.6 11.6 10.9 10.4 9.5
Did not work 26.2 26.1 23.4 22.2 20.2
07/24/98 9
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 54.7 54.6 42.5 38.0 30.4
AFDC or other non-SSI 69.4 69.4 58.1 52.2 41.8
SSI 44.0 43.8 28.6 24.9 19.7
Food stamps 60.4 60.4 52.6 47.6 37.1
Housing assistance 50.2 50.2 43.5 38.4 23.8
Energy assistance 54.7 54.7 48.1 43.6 32.5
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 34.3 34.3 30.9 28.5 22.9
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 73.2 73.2 59.4 53.0 41.5
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5
Medicare 8.7 8.7 7.4 7.4 6.6
Also Medicaid 33.1 33.1 22.3 21.5 17.0
Medicaid 47.4 47.3 39.4 35.2 28.3
Not covered 20.8 20.8 20.5 20.1 18.9
07/24/98 10
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 6.6 7.7 10.5 9.2
Age
Under 18 years 9.2 10.3 15.7 12.8
Related children 8.6 9.6 15.0 12.1
Under 6 years 10.6 11.8 17.7 14.3
18 to 24 years 11.7 12.3 15.2 13.6
25 to 44 years 5.7 6.3 9.0 7.6
45 to 64 years 4.6 5.7 6.9 6.6
65 years and over 3.7 6.0 7.1 7.1
65 to 74 years 3.2 5.2 6.2 6.2
75 years and over 4.2 6.9 8.3 8.2
Family Relationship
In families 5.2 6.0 9.0 7.4
Married-couple families 3.0 3.6 5.6 4.5
With related children under 18 3.7 4.4 7.4 5.6
Female hhlder, no husband present 18.7 20.2 29.3 25.1
With related children under 18 24.2 26.0 38.2 32.5
Unrelated individuals 13.2 15.7 17.7 17.6
Living alone 8.9 11.8 14.4 14.2
65 years and over 6.6 11.3 14.3 14.3
07/24/98 11
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 6.3 7.2 9.9 8.6
Inside central cities 9.4 10.4 14.8 12.9
Outside central cities 4.8 5.7 7.5 6.6
Outside metropolitan areas 7.8 9.5 13.1 11.5
Region
Northeast 5.8 6.6 9.5 8.5
Midwest 5.0 5.8 8.0 6.9
South 7.1 8.4 11.0 9.7
West 8.4 9.6 13.5 11.5
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 5.8 6.8 8.8 8.0
18 to 24 years old 11.7 12.3 15.2 13.6
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 19.4 20.6 26.5 23.1
25 years old and over 4.9 6.0 7.9 7.2
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 12.2 15.2 20.3 18.5
High school graduate, no college 4.9 5.9 7.8 7.0
College: Less than bachelor's degree 3.4 4.1 5.4 4.9
Bachelor's degree or more 1.7 2.1 2.5 2.4
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 5.9 6.7 8.8 7.9
Worked at full-time jobs 2.4 2.6 4.0 3.2
50 to 52 weeks 1.1 1.3 2.3 1.7
Worked at part-time jobs 8.7 9.8 13.0 11.6
Did not work 18.5 21.2 25.7 24.3
07/24/98 12
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 28.2 33.2 48.2 44.4
AFDC or other non-SSI 40.2 45.2 65.4 59.4
SSI 16.6 22.3 32.2 30.8
Food stamps 34.9 39.7 62.0 54.9
Housing assistance 23.8 26.2 53.5 47.9
Energy assistance 28.7 35.1 54.8 49.3
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 21.6 24.1 39.3 32.3
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 39.0 45.2 67.0 61.6
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 1.3 1.6 2.7 2.2
Medicare 4.4 7.0 8.7 8.6
Also Medicaid 12.4 18.3 28.2 28.1
Medicaid 26.3 30.9 46.5 41.2
Not covered 17.7 19.2 24.2 20.8
07/24/98 13
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 21415 39159 39012 38002 39841 40086 37165 37379 21565
Age
Under 18 years 8015 9592 9570 9155 9831 9858 8360 8414 7456
Related children 7489 9002 8981 8575 9231 9257 7808 7855 6929
Under 6 years 2948 3328 3320 3178 3431 3441 2870 2885 2689
18 to 24 years 2762 3372 3338 3198 3506 3568 3242 3274 2865
25 to 44 years 5542 7133 7120 6870 7385 7463 6575 6650 5446
45 to 64 years 3080 5742 5729 5607 5834 5889 5719 5744 3464
65 years and over 2016 13320 13254 13172 13284 13308 13269 13297 2334
65 to 74 years 970 6103 6076 6014 6097 6114 6086 6104 1135
75 years and over 1046 7217 7178 7158 7187 7194 7183 7193 1199
Family Relationship
In families 15110 26879 26797 25876 27364 27525 24720 24849 14640
Married-couple families 7412 16346 16282 15708 16730 16795 15172 15267 7134
With related children under 18 5965 7671 7647 7215 8044 8066 6530 6599 5407
Female hhlder, no husband present 6689 9006 8994 8674 9015 9095 8153 8174 6574
With related children under 18 6223 7487 7473 7187 7502 7544 6623 6638 6006
Unrelated individuals 5786 11656 11594 11518 11841 11926 11881 11956 6402
Living alone 3008 8287 8239 8215 8333 8371 8353 8390 3358
65 years and over 1253 5800 5767 5759 5788 5790 5790 5800 1404
07/24/98 14
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 15869 28781 28670 27933 29238 29433 27286 27467 16060
Inside central cities 7585 12138 12092 11761 12472 12564 11380 11467 7763
Outside central cities 8284 16643 16578 16172 16765 16868 15906 15999 8297
Outside metropolitan areas 5546 10378 10342 10069 10603 10653 9879 9912 5505
Region
Northeast 3812 7555 7545 7327 7564 7599 7266 7331 4047
Midwest 4016 8367 8312 8092 8394 8440 7888 7951 3979
South 7398 13673 13621 13381 14050 14107 13046 13096 7413
West 6190 9564 9534 9202 9832 9941 8965 9001 6125
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 13400 29567 29442 28847 30010 30228 28805 28965 14108
18 to 24 years old 2762 3372 3338 3198 3506 3568 3242 3274 2865
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1074 1260 1252 1219 1319 1334 1176 1184 1078
25 years old and over 10638 26195 26104 25649 26504 26660 25562 25691 11244
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 4487 10452 10421 10272 10595 10663 10240 10282 4856
High school graduate, no college 3518 9364 9352 9179 9482 9531 9125 9172 3632
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1795 4480 4452 4366 4527 4551 4344 4364 1853
Bachelor's degree or more 838 1898 1879 1832 1899 1915 1853 1873 902
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 10486 15158 15106 14632 15606 15776 14502 14625 10856
Worked at full-time jobs 3052 3869 3852 3576 4120 4229 3477 3552 2897
50 to 52 weeks 1312 1604 1598 1452 1783 1849 1382 1417 1193
Worked at part-time jobs 2086 2827 2789 2698 2948 2967 2704 2725 2113
Did not work 5348 8463 8465 8358 8538 8580 8320 8348 5846
07/24/98 15
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 6488 9394 9394 9265 9424 9494 9087 9100 7955
AFDC or other non-SSI 4691 5797 5790 5740 5815 5844 5580 5588 5234
SSI 2442 4666 4672 4594 4689 4734 4574 4578 3738
Food stamps 8674 10742 10710 10502 10818 10878 10038 10059 9100
Housing assistance 3313 4621 4593 4505 4654 4671 4353 4362 3427
Energy assistance 2260 3261 3235 3208 3321 3326 3106 3116 2461
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 7908 9712 9685 9293 9946 9981 8609 8678 7644
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 5425 6908 6905 6819 6896 6946 6670 6679 6249
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 3320 7046 7011 6183 6612 6637 5911 5961 2547
Medicare 2684 15186 15128 15031 15163 15190 15129 15166 3179
Also Medicaid 950 2392 2386 2375 2390 2397 2385 2386 1372
Medicaid 8657 12090 12064 11864 12217 12265 11394 11410 9543
Not covered 7164 8770 8724 8644 9488 9626 8397 8510 6942
07/24/98 16
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
White
Total 20947 20925 19173 18222 16311 14647 16979 23312 20344
Age
Under 18 years 7399 7387 6809 6365 5474 5137 5741 8752 7159
Related children 6875 6864 6324 5931 5073 4738 5276 8207 6663
Under 6 years 2669 2664 2505 2328 2040 1951 2163 3251 2628
18 to 24 years 2847 2846 2666 2574 2434 2367 2491 3076 2764
25 to 44 years 5304 5295 4912 4605 4117 3902 4325 6147 5236
45 to 64 years 3322 3322 2973 2876 2630 2191 2713 3302 3160
65 years and over 2076 2076 1813 1801 1657 1051 1709 2034 2025
65 to 74 years 995 995 862 852 790 511 824 977 972
75 years and over 1081 1081 951 949 868 540 885 1057 1053
Family Relationship
In families 14336 14314 12978 12229 10689 9711 11069 16591 13727
Married-couple families 6938 6916 6308 5854 5270 4552 5491 8479 6848
With related children under 18 5326 5305 4866 4442 3937 3500 4129 6929 5299
Female hhlder, no husband present 6483 6483 5800 5531 4648 4439 4793 6967 5969
With related children under 18 5945 5945 5358 5096 4264 4099 4408 6485 5518
Unrelated individuals 6097 6097 5736 5603 5280 4593 5475 6182 6148
Living alone 3172 3172 2906 2866 2585 1955 2591 3163 3135
65 years and over 1275 1275 1132 1122 1002 582 1004 1268 1268
07/24/98 17
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 15592 15576 14157 13551 12188 11033 12600 17279 15039
Inside central cities 7554 7538 6808 6482 5658 5271 5861 8335 7237
Outside central cities 8037 8037 7348 7069 6530 5762 6739 8944 7802
Outside metropolitan areas 5355 5350 5016 4670 4123 3614 4379 6032 5306
Region
Northeast 3916 3916 3399 3236 2741 2492 2853 4100 3658
Midwest 3869 3869 3559 3394 3007 2729 3201 4365 3789
South 7179 7179 6740 6414 5889 5171 6078 8018 7040
West 5983 5961 5474 5177 4675 4255 4848 6829 5858
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 13549 13538 12364 11857 10838 9510 11238 14559 13186
18 to 24 years old 2847 2846 2666 2574 2434 2367 2491 3076 2764
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1069 1068 1015 962 889 872 928 1191 1040
25 years old and over 10702 10692 9698 9282 8404 7144 8747 11484 10422
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 4553 4553 4079 3860 3430 2878 3583 4809 4380
High school graduate, no college 3515 3507 3202 3083 2799 2422 2910 3836 3427
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1767 1765 1623 1559 1424 1221 1486 1933 1750
Bachelor's degree or more 866 866 794 780 751 622 768 906 865
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 10560 10550 9687 9224 8403 7715 8730 11550 10275
Worked at full-time jobs 2848 2846 2693 2569 2343 2171 2407 3689 2942
50 to 52 weeks 1182 1181 1114 1055 963 869 985 1716 1251
Worked at part-time jobs 2057 2057 1944 1855 1687 1553 1743 2316 2071
Did not work 5656 5647 5050 4800 4373 3991 4581 5545 5262
07/24/98 18
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (White)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 7590 7574 5894 5271 4219 3913 4610 6689 6160
AFDC or other non-SSI 5144 5144 4308 3869 3102 2981 3351 4850 4407
SSI 3399 3382 2208 1927 1523 1281 1720 2485 2378
Food stamps 8867 8867 7721 6987 5443 5129 5836 9105 8063
Housing assistance 3234 3234 2806 2474 1535 1535 1688 3448 3088
Energy assistance 2380 2380 2089 1896 1412 1249 1525 2383 2144
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 7552 7552 6796 6279 5052 4750 5313 8654 7119
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 6087 6087 4943 4411 3453 3247 3758 5573 5123
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 2506 2498 2384 2341 2148 1851 2194 3856 3022
Medicare 2714 2710 2312 2286 2063 1371 2186 2711 2685
Also Medicaid 1121 1121 755 729 577 421 621 956 953
Medicaid 9219 9207 7665 6852 5514 5125 6009 9045 8012
Not covered 6882 6877 6778 6655 6260 5864 6338 8014 6888