07/24/98 1
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 268480 11.8 19.7 19.6 19.1
Age
Under 18 years 71069 18.0 21.4 21.3 20.5
Related children 69844 17.4 20.7 20.6 19.8
Under 6 years 23363 19.7 22.1 22.0 21.2
18 to 24 years 25201 15.5 19.0 18.8 18.1
25 to 44 years 83816 9.7 12.3 12.3 11.9
45 to 64 years 56312 7.4 13.2 13.2 12.9
65 years and over 32082 8.4 47.4 47.2 46.9
65 to 74 years 17874 7.6 39.9 39.8 39.4
75 years and over 14209 9.4 56.9 56.6 56.5
Family Relationship
In families 225369 10.3 16.8 16.7 16.2
Married-couple families 175779 5.4 11.2 11.2 10.8
With related children under 18 110790 7.0 9.1 9.0 8.5
Female hhlder, no husband present 38412 32.3 41.8 41.8 40.5
With related children under 18 28770 40.2 47.9 47.9 46.3
Unrelated individuals 41672 18.5 34.5 34.3 34.0
Living alone 26364 15.5 38.1 37.8 37.7
65 years and over 9923 15.9 66.6 66.2 66.1
07/24/98 2
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 216143 11.2 18.5 18.5 18.0
Inside central cities 80089 16.7 25.0 24.9 24.2
Outside central cities 136055 8.0 14.7 14.7 14.3
Outside metropolitan areas 52337 14.1 24.7 24.6 23.9
Region
Northeast 51202 11.3 19.9 19.8 19.2
Midwest 62498 9.3 17.4 17.3 16.8
South 94235 13.0 21.3 21.2 20.8
West 60545 13.0 19.5 19.5 18.9
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 197412 9.6 19.1 19.0 18.6
18 to 24 years old 25201 15.5 19.0 18.8 18.1
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 5687 26.0 31.4 31.3 30.5
25 years old and over 172211 8.7 19.1 19.1 18.7
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 29558 21.4 45.6 45.5 44.9
High school graduate, no college 58174 8.7 19.9 19.9 19.5
College: Less than bachelor's degree 42506 5.8 13.0 12.9 12.6
Bachelor's degree or more 41974 2.8 5.6 5.6 5.4
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 157742 9.5 13.3 13.3 12.8
Worked at full-time jobs 109239 3.9 5.0 4.9 4.6
50 to 52 weeks 90177 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.2
Worked at part-time jobs 20983 13.5 18.1 17.9 17.4
Did not work 27520 28.4 42.7 42.7 42.2
07/24/98 3
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Before taxes
Definition 3
Money income-- plus
Excluding health
capital Definition 1 Definition 2 insurance
gains less plus supplements to
(current government capital wage or salary
Total measure) transfers gains income
(thous.) Def 1 Def 2 Def 3 Def 4
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 21868 49.9 70.2 70.1 69.4
AFDC or other non-SSI 12437 64.6 79.9 79.6 79.1
SSI 11682 34.4 63.1 63.2 62.4
Food stamps 23226 61.1 75.2 74.9 73.9
Housing assistance 11279 55.8 73.4 72.9 71.9
Energy assistance 6609 55.9 77.9 77.5 76.4
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 33288 39.8 48.6 48.4 46.7
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 13797 66.4 84.1 83.9 83.2
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 164976 2.8 5.4 5.4 4.7
Medicare 35586 10.8 50.2 50.0 49.7
Also Medicaid 4834 33.2 72.5 72.4 72.2
Medicaid 28707 49.3 66.5 66.3 65.3
Not covered 43198 23.3 28.3 28.2 28.0
07/24/98 4
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 20.0 20.2 18.7 18.8 12.0
Age
Under 18 years 21.7 21.8 18.9 19.0 17.1
Related children 21.0 21.1 18.3 18.4 16.5
Under 6 years 22.6 22.7 19.5 19.6 18.4
18 to 24 years 19.8 20.2 18.3 18.5 16.2
25 to 44 years 12.6 12.8 11.4 11.5 9.6
45 to 64 years 13.4 13.6 13.1 13.2 8.4
65 years and over 47.4 47.5 47.3 47.5 9.9
65 to 74 years 39.9 40.1 39.9 40.0 9.1
75 years and over 56.7 56.8 56.7 56.8 10.9
Family Relationship
In families 17.1 17.2 15.5 15.6 10.2
Married-couple families 11.4 11.5 10.4 10.5 5.3
With related children under 18 9.3 9.4 7.8 7.8 6.5
Female hhlder, no husband present 42.2 42.5 38.3 38.4 32.1
With related children under 18 48.3 48.6 43.1 43.2 39.2
Unrelated individuals 35.0 35.2 35.1 35.3 20.4
Living alone 38.3 38.4 38.4 38.5 17.4
65 years and over 66.4 66.5 66.5 66.6 18.2
07/24/98 5
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 18.8 18.9 17.6 17.7 11.4
Inside central cities 25.5 25.7 23.5 23.6 17.2
Outside central cities 14.8 14.9 14.1 14.2 8.1
Outside metropolitan areas 25.2 25.3 23.4 23.5 14.1
Region
Northeast 19.8 19.9 19.0 19.1 11.8
Midwest 17.4 17.5 16.4 16.5 9.4
South 21.9 22.0 20.2 20.3 13.0
West 20.1 20.3 18.4 18.5 13.1
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 19.4 19.6 18.6 18.7 10.1
18 to 24 years old 19.8 20.2 18.3 18.5 16.2
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 33.1 33.5 29.6 29.8 27.0
25 years old and over 19.4 19.5 18.6 18.7 9.2
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 46.3 46.6 44.8 44.9 23.5
High school graduate, no college 20.1 20.3 19.3 19.4 8.9
College: Less than bachelor's degree 13.1 13.2 12.6 12.6 6.0
Bachelor's degree or more 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.5 2.9
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 13.7 13.8 12.7 12.8 9.8
Worked at full-time jobs 5.3 5.4 4.4 4.5 3.7
50 to 52 weeks 2.7 2.8 2.1 2.1 1.8
Worked at part-time jobs 18.8 18.9 17.3 17.5 13.8
Did not work 43.1 43.4 42.1 42.3 31.2
07/24/98 6
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 8
Definition 4 Definition 6 plus
less Definition 5 plus Definition 7 nonmeans-
Social less Earned less tested
Security Federal Income state government
payroll income Tax income cash
taxes taxes Credit taxes transfers
Def 5 Def 6 Def 7 Def 8 Def 9
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 70.7 71.1 68.5 68.6 61.0
AFDC or other non-SSI 80.6 81.0 77.8 78.0 72.9
SSI 63.7 64.1 62.3 62.4 52.1
Food stamps 75.9 76.2 70.9 71.2 64.6
Housing assistance 73.9 74.0 70.3 70.3 59.0
Energy assistance 78.7 78.8 74.7 75.0 61.7
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 49.4 49.6 43.8 44.1 39.1
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 84.6 85.0 81.9 82.1 76.9
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 5.0 5.1 4.5 4.5 2.2
Medicare 50.2 50.3 50.1 50.2 12.8
Also Medicaid 72.6 72.8 72.4 72.5 45.8
Medicaid 67.1 67.3 63.2 63.4 54.6
Not covered 30.6 31.0 27.1 27.4 22.6
07/24/98 7
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 11.6 11.6 10.6 10.0 8.8
Age
Under 18 years 16.9 16.9 15.5 14.4 12.2
Related children 16.3 16.3 14.9 13.9 11.7
Under 6 years 18.2 18.2 17.0 15.7 13.4
18 to 24 years 16.0 16.0 14.9 14.3 13.3
25 to 44 years 9.4 9.3 8.6 8.1 7.2
45 to 64 years 8.0 8.0 7.1 6.8 6.2
65 years and over 8.7 8.7 7.5 7.4 6.8
65 to 74 years 7.9 7.9 6.7 6.7 6.1
75 years and over 9.8 9.8 8.4 8.4 7.6
Family Relationship
In families 10.0 10.0 9.0 8.4 7.3
Married-couple families 5.2 5.1 4.7 4.3 3.8
With related children under 18 6.4 6.3 5.8 5.2 4.6
Female hhlder, no husband present 31.7 31.7 28.2 26.7 22.1
With related children under 18 38.8 38.8 35.0 33.0 27.2
Unrelated individuals 19.5 19.5 18.2 17.7 16.5
Living alone 16.4 16.4 14.9 14.6 12.9
65 years and over 16.5 16.5 14.2 14.1 12.5
07/24/98 8
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 11.1 11.1 10.0 9.5 8.4
Inside central cities 16.7 16.7 14.9 14.0 12.0
Outside central cities 7.8 7.8 7.1 6.9 6.3
Outside metropolitan areas 13.8 13.8 12.8 12.0 10.6
Region
Northeast 11.4 11.4 10.0 9.4 7.9
Midwest 9.1 9.1 8.3 7.8 6.8
South 12.6 12.6 11.8 11.2 10.0
West 12.8 12.8 11.5 10.9 9.8
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 9.7 9.7 8.8 8.4 7.6
18 to 24 years old 16.0 16.0 14.9 14.3 13.3
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 26.7 26.7 24.6 23.2 21.0
25 years old and over 8.8 8.8 7.9 7.5 6.8
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 22.0 22.0 19.4 18.4 16.1
High school graduate, no college 8.6 8.6 7.9 7.5 6.8
College: Less than bachelor's degree 5.7 5.7 5.2 5.0 4.5
Bachelor's degree or more 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.4
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 9.6 9.6 8.7 8.3 7.5
Worked at full-time jobs 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.2 2.9
50 to 52 weeks 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4
Worked at part-time jobs 13.4 13.4 12.6 12.0 10.8
Did not work 30.2 30.2 26.9 25.6 23.2
07/24/98 9
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 13
Definition 11 plus
Definition 10 plus other
plus means-tested means-tested
Definition 9 regular-price government Definition 12 government
plus school cash plus noncash
Medicare lunches transfers Medicaid transfers
Def 10 Def 11 Def 12 Def 13 Def 14
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 58.5 58.4 45.8 41.3 32.5
AFDC or other non-SSI 71.7 71.7 60.2 54.5 42.6
SSI 47.8 47.6 31.0 27.0 20.9
Food stamps 62.9 62.9 54.9 49.9 38.8
Housing assistance 56.4 56.4 49.1 44.4 28.3
Energy assistance 60.0 60.0 51.7 47.0 36.1
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 38.6 38.6 34.6 32.0 25.7
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 74.9 74.9 61.4 55.3 42.8
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.8
Medicare 10.9 10.9 9.2 9.0 8.0
Also Medicaid 37.9 37.9 26.2 25.4 19.8
Medicaid 52.9 52.9 44.2 39.7 31.6
Not covered 22.3 22.3 21.9 21.5 20.1
07/24/98 10
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 8.0 9.2 12.7 11.2
Age
Under 18 years 11.6 12.9 19.3 16.2
Related children 11.0 12.3 18.7 15.6
Under 6 years 12.9 14.4 21.3 17.8
18 to 24 years 12.9 13.7 17.2 15.4
25 to 44 years 6.8 7.5 10.6 9.1
45 to 64 years 5.2 6.4 7.9 7.5
65 years and over 4.4 7.1 8.5 8.5
65 to 74 years 4.1 6.5 7.7 7.7
75 years and over 4.9 7.8 9.5 9.4
Family Relationship
In families 6.7 7.6 11.2 9.5
Married-couple families 3.4 4.1 6.1 5.0
With related children under 18 4.2 4.9 8.0 6.3
Female hhlder, no husband present 21.0 23.0 33.7 29.2
With related children under 18 26.0 28.3 42.0 36.1
Unrelated individuals 14.5 17.1 19.6 19.5
Living alone 10.0 12.9 16.2 16.1
65 years and over 7.4 12.5 16.1 16.1
07/24/98 11
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 7.7 8.8 12.1 10.6
Inside central cities 11.2 12.6 18.1 15.9
Outside central cities 5.6 6.5 8.6 7.6
Outside metropolitan areas 9.3 11.2 15.2 13.5
Region
Northeast 7.3 8.3 12.0 10.8
Midwest 6.2 7.3 9.9 8.8
South 8.9 10.4 13.9 12.3
West 9.0 10.2 14.2 12.3
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 6.7 7.9 10.3 9.4
18 to 24 years old 12.9 13.7 17.2 15.4
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 20.3 22.1 29.0 25.3
25 years old and over 5.8 7.1 9.3 8.5
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 13.7 17.0 22.7 20.9
High school graduate, no college 5.9 7.0 9.3 8.4
College: Less than bachelor's degree 3.9 4.7 6.2 5.6
Bachelor's degree or more 2.1 2.5 3.0 2.8
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 6.9 7.8 10.3 9.2
Worked at full-time jobs 2.6 3.0 4.7 3.7
50 to 52 weeks 1.3 1.4 2.6 1.9
Worked at part-time jobs 10.1 11.1 14.9 13.4
Did not work 21.2 24.4 29.3 28.0
07/24/98 12
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
After taxes
Definition 14
plus
net Money
imputed Definition 14 Income Money
return less after Taxes Income
on equity medical not including after
in own home programs EITC Taxes
Def 15 Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 30.5 35.7 51.4 47.6
AFDC or other non-SSI 41.2 46.0 66.4 61.1
SSI 18.0 24.5 35.1 33.5
Food stamps 36.7 41.6 63.7 57.0
Housing assistance 28.3 30.9 57.7 52.6
Energy assistance 32.4 38.6 58.3 53.1
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 24.4 27.4 42.7 36.2
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 40.6 46.4 68.1 63.2
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 1.6 1.9 3.3 2.6
Medicare 5.5 8.6 10.9 10.7
Also Medicaid 14.8 21.9 33.4 32.6
Medicaid 29.6 34.5 50.9 46.0
Not covered 18.9 20.5 25.9 22.3
07/24/98 13
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 31665 52917 52755 51352 53774 54149 50173 50462 32141
Age
Under 18 years 12788 15197 15152 14551 15430 15488 13451 13528 12149
Related children 12125 14455 14412 13819 14675 14733 12760 12830 11492
Under 6 years 4611 5172 5150 4958 5275 5292 4553 4584 4305
18 to 24 years 3897 4780 4749 4568 4991 5080 4620 4657 4079
25 to 44 years 8099 10317 10291 9934 10596 10710 9523 9627 8030
45 to 64 years 4173 7419 7407 7238 7558 7635 7394 7427 4711
65 years and over 2708 15204 15156 15062 15200 15236 15186 15224 3172
65 to 74 years 1367 7126 7113 7039 7139 7165 7128 7156 1622
75 years and over 1341 8078 8043 8023 8061 8071 8058 8068 1550
Family Relationship
In families 23323 37800 37710 36422 38431 38704 34882 35067 22998
Married-couple families 9552 19750 19666 18910 20087 20185 18309 18426 9338
With related children under 18 7758 10042 9976 9394 10341 10394 8614 8696 7186
Female hhlder, no husband present 12390 16044 16045 15549 16193 16326 14704 14750 12334
With related children under 18 11571 13783 13787 13325 13900 13986 12405 12443 11291
Unrelated individuals 7709 14358 14290 14187 14572 14674 14616 14710 8520
Living alone 4084 10032 9976 9942 10087 10137 10113 10160 4575
65 years and over 1582 6607 6570 6562 6593 6596 6596 6611 1807
07/24/98 14
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 24278 40008 39884 38823 40605 40922 37937 38183 24747
Inside central cities 13365 19983 19940 19370 20445 20615 18807 18931 13777
Outside central cities 10913 20025 19944 19452 20160 20307 19130 19252 10970
Outside metropolitan areas 7387 12909 12871 12530 13169 13227 12236 12279 7394
Region
Northeast 5776 10176 10142 9808 10121 10198 9705 9780 6048
Midwest 5801 10858 10809 10496 10865 10932 10251 10342 5880
South 12215 20062 20015 19619 20593 20707 19058 19135 12262
West 7873 11821 11789 11430 12196 12312 11158 11204 7951
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 18877 37720 37602 36802 38345 38661 36722 36934 19992
18 to 24 years old 3897 4780 4749 4568 4991 5080 4620 4657 4079
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1476 1787 1782 1735 1883 1907 1683 1693 1533
25 years old and over 14980 32940 32853 32234 33354 33580 32103 32278 15913
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 6314 13488 13447 13267 13694 13781 13232 13285 6942
High school graduate, no college 5046 11570 11569 11325 11715 11788 11231 11300 5204
College: Less than bachelor's degree 2454 5517 5495 5372 5587 5631 5347 5373 2537
Bachelor's degree or more 1166 2365 2342 2270 2359 2380 2292 2319 1230
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 14918 20969 20908 20250 21556 21805 20073 20235 15530
Worked at full-time jobs 4281 5415 5394 4981 5741 5891 4842 4937 4053
50 to 52 weeks 1802 2207 2191 1971 2409 2490 1861 1905 1610
Worked at part-time jobs 2832 3799 3761 3646 3948 3973 3636 3668 2885
Did not work 7805 11755 11753 11622 11866 11941 11594 11631 8592
07/24/98 15
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8 Defin 9
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 10907 15350 15323 15166 15458 15552 14972 15003 13342
AFDC or other non-SSI 8032 9938 9905 9839 10026 10080 9681 9696 9066
SSI 4015 7376 7383 7291 7439 7484 7276 7292 6090
Food stamps 14202 17457 17399 17154 17631 17702 16478 16536 15001
Housing assistance 6298 8276 8225 8111 8330 8347 7926 7934 6651
Energy assistance 3697 5150 5124 5048 5204 5210 4938 4953 4077
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 13235 16165 16115 15548 16435 16496 14592 14683 13003
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 9158 11607 11578 11478 11665 11722 11303 11331 10613
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 4690 8964 8941 7793 8317 8383 7407 7482 3648
Medicare 3827 17847 17805 17697 17871 17910 17823 17873 4550
Also Medicaid 1606 3507 3501 3490 3508 3520 3501 3505 2214
Medicaid 14140 19080 19021 18759 19265 19329 18154 18189 15672
Not covered 10070 12245 12201 12075 13205 13405 11722 11854 9759
07/24/98 16
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
All Races
Total 31222 31200 28374 26844 23661 21478 24808 34107 30064
Age
Under 18 years 12033 12022 11027 10245 8665 8210 9175 13728 11542
Related children 11388 11377 10420 9699 8156 7704 8594 13040 10921
Under 6 years 4264 4259 3982 3662 3140 3025 3375 4966 4147
18 to 24 years 4043 4042 3742 3605 3348 3245 3454 4346 3888
25 to 44 years 7837 7827 7223 6776 5998 5687 6290 8865 7669
45 to 64 years 4508 4508 3980 3841 3471 2916 3610 4437 4249
65 years and over 2801 2801 2401 2377 2179 1419 2279 2732 2716
65 to 74 years 1413 1413 1206 1189 1098 728 1166 1382 1374
75 years and over 1388 1388 1196 1187 1081 691 1113 1349 1342
Family Relationship
In families 22507 22486 20249 18990 16364 15003 17142 25266 21350
Married-couple families 9060 9038 8176 7540 6747 5932 7171 10752 8863
With related children under 18 7044 7022 6402 5797 5099 4641 5478 8831 6943
Female hhlder, no husband present 12162 12162 10849 10252 8507 8065 8847 12948 11208
With related children under 18 11172 11172 10071 9487 7819 7486 8135 12083 10384
Unrelated individuals 8107 8107 7572 7371 6863 6042 7136 8178 8144
Living alone 4323 4323 3922 3849 3407 2646 3412 4265 4238
65 years and over 1633 1633 1412 1401 1240 729 1243 1598 1598
07/24/98 17
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Type of Residence
Inside metropolitan areas 24018 24002 21675 20560 18132 16609 18946 26142 23017
Inside central cities 13366 13350 11953 11235 9627 8988 10123 14468 12733
Outside central cities 10653 10653 9723 9325 8505 7621 8824 11675 10284
Outside metropolitan areas 7203 7198 6698 6284 5529 4869 5861 7965 7046
Region
Northeast 5856 5856 5131 4832 4050 3753 4259 6159 5549
Midwest 5711 5711 5157 4848 4221 3852 4566 6217 5483
South 11901 11901 11093 10575 9428 8408 9821 13137 11594
West 7754 7732 6993 6589 5961 5466 6162 8595 7437
Educational Attainment
Total, 18 years and over 19189 19178 17346 16599 14996 13268 15632 20379 18521
18 to 24 years old 4043 4042 3742 3605 3348 3245 3454 4346 3888
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 1518 1517 1397 1319 1193 1157 1257 1652 1441
25 years old and over 15146 15136 13604 12994 11648 10023 12179 16034 14634
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 6502 6502 5728 5434 4762 4042 5022 6699 6166
High school graduate, no college 5026 5018 4568 4366 3928 3456 4084 5438 4890
College: Less than bachelor's degree 2428 2427 2210 2122 1930 1656 2016 2639 2385
Bachelor's degree or more 1189 1189 1098 1072 1027 869 1057 1259 1193
Work Experience in 1997-X1
Total, 20 to 64 years 15106 15096 13758 13087 11772 10854 12270 16285 14579
Worked at full-time jobs 3988 3987 3724 3527 3130 2891 3224 5102 4080
50 to 52 weeks 1596 1595 1482 1394 1268 1148 1307 2316 1692
Worked at part-time jobs 2812 2812 2644 2523 2263 2116 2337 3116 2802
Did not work 8306 8298 7390 7038 6379 5847 6709 8067 7696
07/24/98 18
Table 2. Percent of Persons in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 1997-X1 (All Races)
Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16 Defin 17 Defin 18
Program Participation Status of
Household Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 12782 12766 10023 9021 7115 6666 7804 11231 10419
AFDC or other non-SSI 8915 8915 7483 6775 5294 5128 5723 8262 7596
SSI 5578 5562 3627 3156 2444 2101 2858 4098 3918
Food stamps 14618 14618 12759 11588 9001 8531 9664 14789 13233
Housing assistance 6356 6356 5537 5012 3195 3195 3490 6509 5936
Energy assistance 3964 3964 3417 3104 2387 2144 2549 3850 3508
Free or reduced-price sch. lunch 12835 12835 11533 10654 8561 8110 9111 14228 12057
Household received both food stamps
and cash assistance 10330 10330 8475 7630 5900 5600 6399 9394 8725
Health Insurance Coverage
Covered by:
Plan related to employment of self
or relative 3598 3590 3400 3270 2944 2588 3052 5411 4299
Medicare 3887 3883 3260 3216 2830 1947 3048 3867 3803
Also Medicaid 1834 1834 1267 1230 955 715 1060 1615 1577
Medicaid 15186 15174 12699 11386 9072 8507 9902 14618 13202
Not covered 9629 9624 9439 9267 8693 8144 8872 11175 9614